CRISPR/Cas9:A powerful tool for crop genome editing

作     者：Gaoyuan Song Meiling Jia Kai Chen Xingchen Kong Bushra Khattak Chuanxiao Xie Aili Li Long Mao 

作者机构：National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 

出 版 物：《The Crop Journal》 (作物学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2016年第4卷第2期

页      面：75-82页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 07[理学] 0828[工学-农业工程] 08[工学] 09[农学] 071007[理学-遗传学] 0901[农学-作物学] 0836[工学-生物工程] 090102[农学-作物遗传育种] 

基　　金：supported in part by the Key Transgenic Breeding Program of the Ministry of Agriculture of China(ZX2014X08009-001 and ZX2016X08009-001) the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS 

主　　题：CRISPR/Cas9 Double-strand break Genome editing TALENs ZFNs 

摘      要：The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is evolved from a type II bacterial immune system and represents a new generation of targeted genome editing technology that can be applied to nearly all organisms. Site-specific modification is achieved by a single guide RNA(usually about 20nucleotides) that is complementary to a target gene or locus and is anchored by a protospaceradjacent motif. Cas9 nuclease then cleaves the targeted DNA to generate double-strand breaks(DSBs), which are subsequently repaired by non-homologous end joining(NHEJ) or homology-directed repair(HDR) mechanisms. NHEJ may introduce indels that cause frame shift mutations and hence the disruption of gene functions. When combined with double or multiplex guide RNA design, NHEJ may also introduce targeted chromosome deletions,whereas HDR can be engineered for target gene correction, gene replacement, and gene knock-in. In this review, we briefly survey the history of the CRISPR/Cas9 system invention and its genome-editing mechanism. We also describe the most recent innovation of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, particularly the broad applications of modified Cas9 variants, and discuss the potential of this system for targeted genome editing and modification for crop improvement.