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New cytosine base editor for plant genome editing

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第12期61卷 1602-1603页

作者： Zhenxiang Li Xiangyu Xiong Jian-Feng Li State Key Laboratoly of Biocontrol Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratoly of Plant ResourcesSchool of Life Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

A large number of beneficial agronomic traits in crops are associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)or point mutations(Jiao et al.,2010;Li et al.,2017;Ma et al.,2015).In the past,site-specific point mutations in a target gene can only be achieved through the CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene replacement via the homology-directed repair(HDR).However,the intrinsically low HDR activity in plant cells and the lack of efficient way to supply abundant HDR templates in plant nucleus have greatly limited the success rate of gene replacement in plants(Ran et al.,2017).In addition,DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs)generated by the Cas9 nuclease prior to HDR may lead to complicated and unexpected genome disturbance(Kosicki et al.,2018).

关键词： New cytosine DNA double-strand

CRISPR/Cas9:A powerful tool for crop genome editing

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The Crop Journal 2016年第2期4卷 75-82页

作者： Gaoyuan Song Meiling Jia Kai Chen Xingchen Kong Bushra Khattak Chuanxiao Xie Aili Li Long Mao National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is evolved from a type II bacterial immune system and represents a new generation of targeted genome editing technology that can be applied to nearly all organisms. Site-specific modification is achieved by a single guide RNA(usually about 20nucleotides) that is complementary to a target gene or locus and is anchored by a protospaceradjacent motif. Cas9 nuclease then cleaves the targeted DNA to generate double-strand breaks(DSBs), which are subsequently repaired by non-homologous end joining(NHEJ) or homology-directed repair(HDR) mechanisms. NHEJ may introduce indels that cause frame shift mutations and hence the disruption of gene functions. When combined with double or multiplex guide RNA design, NHEJ may also introduce targeted chromosome deletions,whereas HDR can be engineered for target gene correction, gene replacement, and gene knock-in. In this review, we briefly survey the history of the CRISPR/Cas9 system invention and its genome-editing mechanism. We also describe the most recent innovation of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, particularly the broad applications of modified Cas9 variants, and discuss the potential of this system for targeted genome editing and modification for crop improvement.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 double-strand break Genome editing TALENs ZFNs

Role of ubiquitination in meiotic recombination repair

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第4期53卷 447-454页

作者： CUI Li & LI Wei State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Programmed and unprogrammed double-strand breaks (DSBs) often arise from such physiological requirements as meiotic recombination, and exogenous insults, such as ionizing radiation (IR). Due to deleterious impacts on genome stability, DSBs must be appropriately processed and repaired in a regulatory manner. Recent investigations have indicated that ubiquitination is a critical factor in DNA damage response and meiotic recombination repair. This review summarizes the effects of proteins and complexes associated with ubiquitination with regard to homologous recombination (HR)-dependent DSB repair.

关键词： ubiquitin meiosis homologous recombination DNA double-strand breaks