The Definition of Universal Momentum Operator of Quantum Mechanics and the Essence of Micro-Particle’s Spin——To Reveal the Real Reason That the Bell Inequality Is Not Supported by Experiments
The Definition of Universal Momentum Operator of Quantum Mechanics and the Essence of Micro-Particle’s Spin——To Reveal the Real Reason That the Bell Inequality Is Not Supported by Experiments作者机构：Institute of Innovative Physics in Fuzhou Department of Physics Fuzhou University Fuzhou China nstitute of Innovative Physics in Fuzhou Department of Physics Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
出 版 物：《Journal of Modern Physics》 (现代物理（英文）)
年 卷 期：2012年第3卷第6期
页 面：451-470页
学科分类：07[理学] 0701[理学-数学] 070101[理学-基础数学]
主 题：Quantum Mechanics Universal Momentum Operator Universal Angle Momentum Operator Hermitian Operator Self-Adjoint Operator Spin Bell Inequality Hidden Variables
摘 要：The definition of momentum operator in quantum mechanics has some foundational problems and needs to be improved. For example, the results are different in general by using momentum operator and kinetic operator to calculate microparticle’s kinetic energy. In the curved coordinate systems, momentum operators can not be defined properly. When momentum operator is acted on non-eigen wave functions in coordinate space, the resulting non-eigen values are complex numbers in general. In this case, momentum operator is not the Hermitian operator again. The average values of momentum operator are complex numbers unless they are zero. The same problems exist for angle momentum operator. Universal momentum operator is proposed in this paper. Based on it, all problems above can be solved well. The logical foundation of quantum mechanics becomes more complete and the EPY momentum paradox can be eliminated thoroughly. By considering the fact that there exist a difference between the theoretical value and the real value of momentum, the concepts of auxiliary momentum and auxiliary angle momentum are introduced. The relation between auxiliary angle momentum and spin is deduced and the essence of micro-particle’s spin is revealed. In this way, the fact that spin gyro-magnetic ratio is two times of orbit gyro-magnetic ratio, as well as why the electrons of ground state without obit angle momentum do not fall into atomic nuclear can be explained well. The real reason that the Bell inequality is not supported by experiments is revealed, which has nothing to do with whether or not hidden variables exist, as well as whether or not locality is violated in microcosmic processes.
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