Fhe significance of testosterone for fair participation ol he female sex in competitive sports

作     者：Louis Gooren 

作者机构：VU Un versity Medical Center Amsterdam 1081HV TheNetherlands 

出 版 物：《Asian Journal of Andrology》 (亚洲男性学杂志（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2011年第13卷第5期

页      面：653-654页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 0403[教育学-体育学] 071010[理学-生物化学与分子生物学] 04[教育学] 081704[工学-应用化学] 07[理学] 08[工学] 0817[工学-化学工程与技术] 

主　　题：significance testosterone levels 

摘      要：Sex segregation in competitive sports is regarded as fair. Before puberty, boys and girls hardly differ in height, muscle and bone mass. Pubertal testosterone exposure leads to an ultimate average greater height in men of 12-15 centimeters, larger bones, greater musde mass, increased strength and higher hemoglobin levels. Post-pubertal androgen ablation reverses, at least in part, previous anabolic effects of testosterone on musde,1 bone mineral density and hemoglobin, but the bones remain longer and have a wider diameter. As testosterone administra- tion produces a dose-dependent increase in muscle mass and maximal voluntary strength,2＇3 exogenous androgens are banned as performance-enhancing drugs.4 Men with testosterone deficiency are allowed to receive testosterone replacements which do not raise blood testosterone levels above the normal male range,5＇6