Tunnelling through weak and fragile rocks of Himalayas

作     者：Goel R.K. 

作者机构：CSIR-Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research Regional CentreCBRI Campus Roorkee India 

出 版 物：《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 (矿业科学技术学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2014年第24卷第6期

页      面：783-790页

核心收录：

学科分类：081406[工学-桥梁与隧道工程] 08[工学] 0814[工学-土木工程] 082301[工学-道路与铁道工程] 0823[工学-交通运输工程] 

基　　金：author is thankful to various researchers whose work is referred here and project authorities for sponsoring the studies. author is also thankful to the organizer of international sympo-sium of soft rocks 2014, beijing china for giving this opportunity to deliver the keynote paper. the views expressed in the paper are of the author and not of the organization to which he belongs 

主　　题：Varying geology Mixed geology Weak and fragile rocks Himalayan tunnelling Ground condition Squeezing 

摘      要：A considerable amount of tunnelling has been going on in India for various projects such as hydroelectric power, irrigation, roads and railways. Most of these projects are located in Himalayas, far away from the urban areas. Tunnelling through weak and jointed rock masses such as the one in the Himalayas is a challenging task for the planners, designers, engineers and geologists because of high overburden, thickly vegetated surface, weak, poor and fragile rocks and highly varying geology with the presence of numerous small and big shear zones, faults, etc. Due to these reasons, various tunnelling problems have been faced in the past and are still being encountered. Failures and the problems may be regarded as challenges and opportunities for generating new knowledge base and thereby increasing self-reliance in tunnelling. The experiences of Himalayan tunnelling through weak and fragile rocks covering varying and mixed geology, understanding on tunnelling in squeezing ground conditions and applicability of TBM in Himalayas are presented. It has also been highlighted that the probe holes planning, drilling and monitoring shall be followed seriously to reduce the geological surprises.