Ocular drug delivery systems:An overview

作     者：Ashaben Patel Kishore Cholkar Vibhuti Agrahari Ashim K Mitra Ashaben Patel;Kishore Cholkar;Vibhuti Agrahari;Ashim K Mitra

作者机构：Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Phar-macyUniversity of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas CityMis-souri-64108United States 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Pharmacology》 (世界药理学杂志)

年 卷 期：2013年第2卷第2期

页      面：47-64页

学科分类：1008[医学-中药学(可授医学、理学学位)] 12[管理学] 1006[医学-中西医结合] 1204[管理学-公共管理] 120402[管理学-社会医学与卫生事业管理(可授管理学、医学学位)] 1004[医学-公共卫生与预防医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 100602[医学-中西医结合临床] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Anatomy and physiology Cornea Contact lens Drug delivery Eye Emulsions Formulations Im-plants Liposomes Nanomicelles Ointments Retina Suspensions 

摘      要：The major challenge faced by today s pharmacologist and formulation scientist is ocular drug delivery. Topical eye drop is the most convenient and patient compliant route of drug administration,especially for the treatment of anterior segment diseases. Delivery of drugs to the targeted ocular tissues is restricted by various precorneal,dynamic and static ocular barriers. Also,therapeutic drug levels are not maintained for longer duration in target tissues. In the past two decades,ocular drug delivery research acceleratedly advanced towards developing a novel,safe and patient compliant formulation and drug delivery devices/techniques,which may surpass these barriers and maintain drug levels in tissues. Anterior segment drug delivery advances are witnessed by modulation of conventional topical solutions with permeation and viscosity enhancers. Also,it includes development of conventional topical formulations such as suspensions,emulsions and ointments. Various nanoformulations have also been introduced for anterior segment ocular drug delivery. On the other hand,for posterior ocular delivery,research has been immensely focused towards development of drug releasing devices and nanoformulations for treating chronic vitreo-retinal diseases. These novel devices and/or formulations may help to surpass ocular barriers and associated side effects with conventional topicaldrops. Also,these novel devices and/or formulations are easy to formulate,no/negligibly irritating,possess high precorneal residence time,sustain the drug release,and enhance ocular bioavailability of therapeutics. An update of current research advancement in ocular drug delivery necessitates and helps drug delivery scientists to modulate their think process and develop novel and safe drug delivery strategies. Current review intends to summarize the existing conventional formulations for ocular delivery and their advancements followed by current nanotechnology based formulation developments. Also,recent deve