SCAD syndrome: A vicious cycle of kidney stones, CKD, and AciDosis

作     者：Noritaka Kawada Yoshitaka Isaka Hiromi Rakugi Toshiki Moriyama 

作者机构：Health Care CenterOsaka UniversityToyonakaOsaka 560-0043Japan Division of NephrologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan 

出 版 物：《World Journal of Clinical Urology》 (世界临床泌尿杂志)

年 卷 期：2014年第3卷第2期

页      面：113-118页

学科分类：10[医学] 

基　　金：Supported by A Grant from the Osaka Kidney Foundation,No.OKF13-0004 Grant-in-Aid for Design of the comprehensive health care system for chronic kidney disease based on the individual risk assessment by Specific Health Checkups,H24nanchitou(jin)-ippan-006 to Moriyama T 

主　　题：Endoplasmic reticulum stress response End-stage renal disease pH Endothelial Epithelial 

摘      要：Cumulative evidence has shown that kidney stone formers are at high risk for developing end-stage renal disease(ESRD) and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize the present knowledge about the close relationships among kidney stone formation, chronic kidney disease(CKD), and plasma and urine acidosis(SCAD). Part of the cause of the positive relationships between higher risk of developing ESRD and cardiovascular diseases in stone formers may be explained by inflammation and cell death due to the components of kidney stones. In CKD patients, acidic urine and loss of anti-crystallization factors may cause stone formation. Acidosis can promote tissue inflammation and may affect vascular tone. Correction of plasma and urine acidosis may improve renal and cardiovascular outcome of stone formers and CKD patients. More intensive and long-term interventions, which include correction of plasma and urine p H in patients with reduced renal function and correction of urine p H in patients with normal renal function, may be considered in treating patients with SCAD syndrome.