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Pharmacological intervention for chronic phase of spinal cord injury

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1377-1389页

作者： Chihiro Tohda section of Neuromedical Science Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan

Spinal cord injury is an intractable traumatic injury. The most common hurdles faced during spinal cord injury are failure of axonal regrowth and reconnection to target sites. These also tend to be the most challenging issues in spinal cord injury. As spinal cord injury progresses to the chronic phase, lost motor and sensory functions are not recovered. Several reasons may be attributed to the failure of recovery from chronic spinal cord injury. These include factors that inhibit axonal growth such as activated astrocytes, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, myelin-associated proteins, inflammatory microglia, and fibroblasts that accumulate at lesion sites. Skeletal muscle atrophy due to denervation is another chronic and detrimental spinal cord injury–specific condition. Although several intervention strategies based on multiple outlooks have been attempted for treating spinal cord injury, few approaches have been successful. To treat chronic spinal cord injury, neural cells or tissue substitutes may need to be supplied in the cavity area to enable possible axonal growth. Additionally, stimulating axonal growth activity by extrinsic factors is extremely important and essential for maintaining the remaining host neurons and transplanted neurons. This review focuses on pharmacotherapeutic approaches using small compounds and proteins to enable axonal growth in chronic spinal cord injury. This review presents some of these candidates that have shown promising outcomes in basic research(in vivo animal studies) and clinical trials: AA-NgR(310)ecto-Fc(AXER-204), fasudil, phosphatase and tensin homolog protein antagonist peptide 4, chondroitinase ABC, intracellular sigma peptide,(-)-epigallocatechin gallate, matrine, acteoside, pyrvate kinase M2, diosgenin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and fampridine-sustained release. Although the current situation suggests that drug-based therapies to recover function in chronic spinal cord injury are limited, potential candidat

关键词： axonal growth chronic phase clinical study pharmacotherapy spinal cord injury

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Does in-house availability of multidisciplinary teams increase survival in upper gastrointestinal-cancer?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2013年第3期5卷 60-67页

作者： Christian Kersten Milada Cvancarova Svein Mjland Odd Mjland Department of Oncology Southern Hospital Trust the Centre for Cancer Treatment Department of Oncology Southern Hospital Trust the section of abdominal surgery Department of Abdominal Surgery Southern Hospital Trust

AIM: To investigate the effect of the establishment of in-house multidisciplinary team (MDT) availability (iMDTa) on survival in upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGI) patients. METHODS: In 2001, a cancer centre with irradiation and chemotherapy facilities was established in the Norwegian county of West Agder with a change of iMDTa (WA/MDT-Change). "iMDTa"-status was defined according to the availability of the necessary specialists within one institution on one campus, serving the population of one county. We compared survival rates during 2000-2008 for UGI patients living in counties with (MDT-Yes), without (MDT-No), with a mix (MDT-Mix) and WA/MDT-Change. Survival was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method. Cox model was used to uncover differences between counties with different MDT status when adjusted for age, sex and stage. RESULTS: We analyzed 395 patients from WA/MDT-Change and compared their survival to 12 135 UGIpatients from four other Norwegian regions. Median overall survival for UGI patients in WA/MDT-Change increased from 129 to 300 d from 2000-2008, P = 0.001. The regions with the highest level of iMDTa achieved the largest decrease in risk of death for UGI cancers (compared to the county with MDT-Mix: MDT-Yes 11%, P <0.05 and WA/MDT-Change 15%, P < 0.05). Analyzing the different tumour entities separately, patients living in the WA/MDT-Change county reached a statisti-cally significant reduction in the risk of death [hazard ratios (HR)] compared to patients in the county with MDT-Mix for oesophageal and gastric, but not for pan-creatic cancer. HR for the study period 2000-2004 are given first and then for the period 2005-2008: The HR for oesophageal cancers was reduced from [HR = 1.12; 95%CI: 0.75-1.68 to HR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.38-0.95] and for gastric cancers from [HR = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.66-1.15 to HR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.43-0.93], but not for pancreatic cancer [HR = 1.04-, 95%CI: 0.83-1.3 for 2000-2004 and HR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.78-1.3 for 2005-2008]. UGI patients

关键词： Gastric cancer Gastroesophageal cancer Oesophageal cancer Pancreatic cancer Multidisci-plinary treatment Multidisciplinary team Survival

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Congenital membranous occlusion of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava in a pediatric liver transplant

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Hepatobiliary surgery and Nutrition 2018年第1期7卷 29-31页

作者： Ashley Suah J.Michael Millis Adam S.Bodzin Department of surgery Section of Abdominal Organ TransplantationUniversity of ChicagoChicagoILUSA

Congenital membranous occlusion of the inferior vena cava(IVC)in pediatric liver recipients may present with outflow occlusion and if unrecognized,result in graft *** evaluation of outflow obstruction in the setting of unexplained inflow compromise is *** report a case of successful IVC reconstruction in a patient with recurrent hepatic artery thrombosis(HAT).A 2-year-old child with history of two liver transplantations developed fevers,ascites,and abdominal tenderness one month after her second liver *** duplex revealed decreased flow in the hepatic artery and IVC venogram revealed patent hepatic veins with occlusion of the suprahepatic *** performed reconstruction of her suprahepatic IVC to intrapericardial IVC using an end-to-side technique after complete mobilization of the *** was uneventful and the patient has been doing well for the last 5 years.

关键词： IVC occlusion liver transplant pediatric

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Current surgical treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma in North America

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15007-15017页

作者： Adeel S Khan Kathryn J Fowler William C Chapman Department of General and Vascular surgery Aurora Bay Care Medical Center Department of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine Department of surgery Section of Abdominal TransplantWashington University School of Medicine

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is an aggressive tumor that often occurs in the setting of chronic liver *** patients do not initially manifest any symptoms of HCC and present late when cure with surgical resection or transplantation is no longer *** this reason,patients at high risk for developing HCC are subjected to frequent screening *** surgical management of HCC is complex and requires an inter-disciplinary *** resection is the treatment of choice for HCC in patients without cirrhosis and is indicated in some patients with early cirrhosis(Child-Pugh A).Liver transplantation has emerged in the past decade as the standard of care for patients with cirrhosis and HCC meeting Milan criteria and in select patients with HCC beyond Milan ***-regional therapy with transarterial chemoembolization,transarterial embolization,radiofrequency ablation and other similar local treatments can be used as neo-adjuvant therapy to downstage HCC to within Milan criteria or as a bridge to transplantation in patients on transplant wait list.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation Liver resection Transarterial chemoembolization Radiofrequency ablation

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Liver parasites:A global endemic and journey from infestation to intervention

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 8-15页

作者： Yumna Shahid Bushra Emman Shahab Abid Department of Medicine Section of GastroenterologyAga Khan University HospitalKarachi 75500SindhPakistan Aga Khan Medical College Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 75500SindhPakistan

Parasites have coexisted with humans throughout history,forming either symbiotic relationships or causing significant morbidity and *** liver is particularly vulnerable to parasitic infections,which can reside in,pass through,or be transported to the liver,leading to severe *** editorial explores various parasites that infect the liver,their clinical implications,and diagnostic considerations,as discussed in the article“Parasites of the liver:A global problem?”.Parasites reach the liver primarily through oral ingestion,mucosal penetration,or the bloodstream,with some larvae even penetrating the *** parasites such as cestodes(Echinococcus),trematodes(Clonorchis,Opisthorchis),nematodes(Ascaris),and protozoa(Entamoeba histolytica)can also cause systemic infections like visceral leishmaniasis,malaria,cryptosporidiosis,and *** infections like clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are linked to persistent hepatobiliary inflammation,potentially progressing to cholangiocarcinoma,a fatal bile duct cancer,particularly prevalent in Southeast *** global nature of liver parasite infestations is alarming,with hundreds of millions affected ***,control over treatment quality remains *** the significant public health threat posed by these parasites,international medical organizations must prioritize improved diagnosis,treatment,and preventive *** educational efforts and enhancing healthcare provider training are critical steps toward mitigating the global impact of parasitic liver diseases.

关键词： Liver flukes Nematodes Cestodes Trematodes Protozoa Parasites

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Epithelial turnover in duodenal familial adenomatous polyposis: A possible role for estrogen receptors?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第11期22卷 3202-3211页

作者： Alfredo Di Leo Gabriella Nesi Mariabeatrice Principi Domenico Piscitelli Bruna Girardi Maria Pricci Giuseppe Losurdo Andrea Iannone Enzo Ierardi Francesco Tonelli Gastroenterology section Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of Bari Pathology section Department of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence Pathology section Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of Bari General surgery section Department of Surgery and Translational MedicineUniversity of Florence

AIM: To investigate estrogen receptors expression in duodenal familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and any relationship with epithelial proliferation/apoptosis ***: Twenty-two patients affected by FAP undergoing duodenal resection for malignancies were recruited. Controls were 15 healthy subjects undergoing endoscopy for dyspeptic symptoms. ER-α, ER-α, Ki-67, TUNEL and caspase 3 expression (labeling index: percentage of positive cells) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence and examined by light or confocal microscopy. Samples were assigned to four groups: normal tissue, low (LGD) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD), adenocarcinoma (AC). One-way analysis of variance, corrected by Bonferroni’s test, and Pearson’s correlation test were applied for statistical ***: ER-beta showed a progressive decline: normal tissue (23.5 ± 4.9), LGD (21.1 ± 4.8), HGD (9.3 ± 3.5), AC (7.1 ± 3.1). The normal tissue of FAP subjects expressed ER-beta like the controls (23.9 ± 6.2). Conversely, ER-α showed a progressive increase from normal tissue (24.8 ± 5.6) to AC (52.0 ± 8.2); the expression in normal tissue was similar to controls (22.5 ± 5.3). Ki67 demonstrated a statistically significant progressive increase at each disease stage up to AC. TUNEL did not reveal differences between controls and normal tissue of FAP subjects, but progressive decreases were observed in LGD, through HGD to AC. Pearson’s correlation test showed a direct relationship between ER-β and TUNEL LI (r = 0.8088, P < 0.0001). Conversely, ER-α was inversely correlated with TUNEL LI (r = - 0.7257, P < 0.0001). The co-expression of ER-β and caspase 3 declined progressively from normal to neoplastic ***: This study confirmed that ER-β is strongly decreased in duodenal FAP carcinomas, declining in a multiple

关键词： Familial adenomatous polyposis Duodenal cancer Estrogen receptors Immunohistochemistry Confocal microscopy Dysplasia

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Extraordinary sneeze:Spontaneous transmaxillarytransnasal discharge of a migrated dental implant

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2016年第8期4卷 229-232页

作者： Pasquale Procacci Daniele De Santis Dario Bertossi Massimo Albanese Cristina Plotegher Giovanni Zanette Alessia Pardo Pier Francesco Nocini section of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Department of Surgery University of Verona

This case report describes an extraordinary case of the spontaneous transmaxillary-transnasal discharge of a dental implant, which occurred during a sneeze. The patient was complained of symptoms of acute sinusitis. She underwent a computed tomography scan that revealed a dental implant dislocated in the maxillary sinus. Medical treatment based on antibiotics and mucolytics was administered to the patient in order to prepare her for endoscopic endonasal surgery. The implant was spontaneously discharged two days after during a sneeze. Mucociliary clearance in combination with a local osteolytic inflammatory process and mucolytics therapy are the likely causes of this unusual discharge.

关键词： Complications Dental implant Acute sinusitis Implant surgery

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Telomeres,telomerase and colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第8期20卷 1940-1950页

作者： Roberta Bertorelle Enrica Rampazzo Salvatore Pucciarelli Donato Nitti Anita De Rossi Department of surgery Oncology and GastroenterologySection of Oncology and ImmunologyUniversity of PadovaIOV-IRCCS35128 PadovaItaly Department of surgery Oncology and GastroenterologySection of SurgeryUniversity of Padova35128 PadovaItaly

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer worldwide and,despite improved treatments,is still an important cause of cancer-related *** encompasses a complex of diseases arising from a multistep process of genetic and epigenetic *** heterogeneity in the molecular and biological features of CRC,chromosomal instability is a hallmark of cancer and cancer cells may also circumvent replicative senescence and acquire the ability to sustain unlimited ***/telomerase interplay is an important mechanism involved in both genomic stability and cellular replicative potential,and its dysfunction plays a key role in the oncogenetic *** erosion of telomeres,mainly because of cell proliferation,may be accelerated by specific alterations in the genes involved in CRC,such as APC and *** there is general agreement that the shortening of telomeres plays a role in the early steps of CRC carcinogenesis by promoting chromosomal instability,the prognostic role of telomere length in CRC is still under *** activation of telomerase reverse transcriptase(TERT),the catalytic component of the telomerase complex,allows cancer cells to grow indefinitely by maintaining the length of the telomeres,thus favouring tumour formation/*** studies indicate that TERT increases with disease progression,and most studies suggest that telomerase is a useful prognostic *** TERT mRNA may also be a promising marker for the minimally invasive monitoring of disease progression and response to therapy.

关键词： Telomere Telomerase Telomerase reverse transcriptase Colorectal cancer Prognostic marker

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Cytokines,synaptic plasticity and network dynamics:a matter of balance

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2569-2572页

作者： Laura Bellingacci Jacopo Canonichesi Andrea Mancini Lucilla Parnetti Massimiliano Di Filippo section of Neurology Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaPerugiaItaly

The modern view of the immune system as a sensitizing and modulating machinery of the central nervous system is now well ***,the specific mechanisms underlying this fine crosstalk have yet to be fully *** control cognitive function and behavior,the two systems are engaged in a subtle interacting *** this scenario,a dual action of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the modulation of brain network connections is ***-inflammatory cytokines are indeed required to express physiological plasticity in the hippocampal network while being detrimental when over-expressed during uncontrolled inflammatory *** this dynamic equilibrium,synaptic functioning and the performance of neural networks are ensured by maintaining an appropriate balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory molecules in the central nervous system microenvironment.

关键词： brain networks cognition cytokines hippocampus memory neuroimmunology neuroinflammation synaptic plasticity

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Rectal biopsy for Hirschsprung's disease:a review of techniques,pathology,and complications

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第2期12卷 135-141页

作者： Eleanor Dorothy Muise Robert Anthony Cowles section of Pediatric surgery Department of SurgeryYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA

Background:Hirschsprung's disease(HD)is one of the most common congenital anomalies of colorectal function,affecting approximately 1 in 5000 live births,with a 4:1 male *** is characterized by aganglionosis that is most often limited to the rectosigmoid,but can extend proximally along the colon and,in rare instances,reach into the small intestine.A clinical history of delayed passage of meconium beyond 48 hours after birth,physical exam findings of abdominal distention and vomiting,and a contrast enema demonstrating a transition zone are highly suggestive of *** sources:We searched databases including PubMed,Google Scholar,and Scopus for the following key words:Hirschsprung's disease,rectal biopsy,pathology,ganglion cell,nerve trunk hypertrophy,pediatric constipation,and selected publications written in English that were relevant to the scope of this ***:Based on the data presented in the literature,we reviewed 1)biopsy techniques for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease,addressed inadequate biopsies,and complications from rectal biopsy,and 2)pathologic and histologic interpretation of biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's ***:A well-executed rectal biopsy with expert pathologic evaluation of the specimen remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease and is the subject of this review.

关键词： ganglion cell Hirschsprung's disease nerve trunk hypertrophy pediatric constipation rectal biopsy

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