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On the role of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in plant productivity

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2018年第12期60卷 1199-1216页

作者： Youjun Zhang Alisdair R.Fernie Max-Planck-lnstitute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muhlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany Center of Plant System biology and Biotechnology 4000 PlovdivBulgaria

The tricarboxylic acid(TCA) cycle is one of the canonical energy pathways of living systems, as well as being an example of a pathway in which dynamic enzyme assemblies, or metabolons, are well characterized. The role of the enzymes have been the subject of saturated transgenesis approaches, whereby the expression of the constituent enzymes were reduced or knocked out in order to ascertain their in vivo *** of the resultant plants exhibited improved photosynthesis and plant growth, under controlled greenhouse conditions. In addition, overexpression of the endogenous genes, or heterologous forms of a number of the enzymes, has been carried out in tomato fruit and the roots of a range of species, and in some instances improvement in fruit yield and postharvest properties and plant performance, under nutrient limitation, have been reported, respectively. Given a number of variants, in nature, we discuss possible synthetic approaches involving introducing these variants, or at least a subset of them, into plants. We additionally discuss the likely consequences of introducing synthetic metabolons, wherein certain pairs of reactions are artificially permanently assembled into plants, and speculate as to future strategies to further improve plant productivity by manipulation of the core metabolic pathway.

关键词： On the role of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in plant productivity TCA cycle

Trophic niche and adaptation in highland lizards:sex has greater influences than species matching

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 564-576页

作者： Shengnan YANG Jiapeng QU Ke TANG Xinquan ZHAO Huakun ZHOU Junhua HU Chengdu Institute of biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Region Northwest lnstitute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina Qinghai University XiningChina

The plateau environments are typically arid,cool,and high altitude,posing formidable challenges to wildlife survival due to resource scarcity and harsh *** ecological adaptability in severe conditions requires a deeper understanding of the niche characteristics of plateau *** niche,which is a comprehensive indicator describing the energy acquisition strategy of animals,remains relatively understudied in plateau ***,by combining stable isotopes and morphological data,we quantified the trophic niches of two allopatric lizard species(Phrynocephalus vlangalii and ***)that live in the hinterland of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau,and explored how their trophic niches correlate with morphological and environmental *** both trophic niche and morphological traits were similar between species,noteworthy distinctions were observed between male and female Phrynocephalus *** morphological traits associated with predation(*** length and head size)and reproduction(*** length),annual mean temperature,and sex played influential roles in shifting trophic *** results imply that sexual dimorphism may facilitate inter-sex divergence in resource utilization,leading to trophic niche variations in the highland ***,extreme environmental stress can constrain interspecific divergence in morphological and trophic *** findings illustrate the dynamic variations of trophic niches in highland lizards,contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the adaptation strategies employed by lizard species in plateau environments.

关键词： environmental adaptation Phrynocephalus Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau sexual dimorphism stable isotope

Phylogenomic discovery of deleterious mutants completes the potato breeding revolution

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Molecular Plant 2023年第7期16卷 1103-1105页

作者： Alisdair R.Fernie Saleh Alseekh Max-Planck-lnstitute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muhlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany Center for Plant Systems biology and Biotechnology 4000 PlovdivBulgaria

After many decades of attempts,recent years have finally witnessed the reinvention of potato from a clonally propagated autotetraploid to a seed-propagated inbred line-based diploid hybrid(Zhang et al.,2021).This can be anticipated to accelerate potato breeding from a cumbersome,non-accumulative mode to a rapid iterative one(Wu et al.,2023).That said,a major hurdle in achieving this is the fact that the clonally propagated potato has amassed a huge number of deleterious mutations(Zhang et al.,2019).These mutations are at least partially masked in the heterozygous state,but their detrimental effects are exposed during the process of developing inbred lines,rendering this a considerable *** Zhang et al.(2021)previously developed two inbred lines,the first generation of highly homozygous inbred lines,these contained mutations that collectively resulted in negative fitness manifesting in frail growth,reduced fertility,and low *** a recent study,Wu et al.(2023)utilized genomic evolutionary rate profiling(GERP)analysis to identify and quantify deleterious mutations at the genome-wide scale.

关键词： breeding fertility collective

Molecular mechanisms underpinning sarcomas and implications for current and future therapy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第7期6卷 2135-2153页

作者： Victoria Damerell Michael SPepper Sharon Prince Division of Cell biology Department of Human BiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownObservatoryCape TownSouth Africa lnstitute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department of ImmunologySAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Research and TherapyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

Sarcomas are complex mesenchymal neoplasms with a poor *** clinical management is highly challenging due to their heterogeneity and insensitivity to current *** there have been advances in understanding specific genomic alterations and genetic mutations driving sarcomagenesis,the underlying molecular mechanisms,which are likely to be unique for each sarcoma subtype,are not fully *** is in part due to a lack of consensus on the cells of origin,but there is now mounting evidence that they originate from mesenchymal stromal/stem cells(MSCs).To identify novel treatment strategies for sarcomas,research in recent years has adopted a mechanism-based search for molecular markers for targeted therapy which has included recapitulating sarcomagenesis using in vitro and in vivo MSC *** review provides a comprehensive up to date overview of the molecular mechanisms that underpin sarcomagenesis,the contribution of MSCs to modelling sarcomagenesis in vivo,as well as novel topics such as the role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition(EMT)/mesenchymal-to-epithelial-transition(MET)plasticity,exosomes,and microRNAs in *** also reviews current therapeutic options including ongoing pre-clinical and clinical studies for targeted sarcoma therapy and discusses new therapeutic avenues such as targeting recently identified molecular pathways and key transcription factors.

关键词： sarcoma neoplasms alterations

Effect of C/N ratio,aeration rate and moisture content on ammonia and greenhouse gas emission during the composting

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第10期23卷 1754-1760页

作者： Tao Jiang Frank Schuchardt Guoxue Li Rui Guo Yuanqiu Zhao College of Resources and Environment Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-lnstitute Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering Bundesallee 50 38116 Braunschweig Germany College of Chemistry and biology Leshan Normal College Leshan 614004 China

Gaseous emission （N2O, CH4 and NH3） from composting can be an important source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air pollution. A laboratory scale orthogonal experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of C/N ratio, aeration rate and initial moisture content on gaseous emission during the composting of pig faeces from Chinese Ganqinfen system. The results showed that about 23.9% to 45.6% of total organic carbon （TOC） was lost in the form of CO2 and 0.8% to 7.5% of TOC emitted as CH4. Most of the nitrogen was lost in the form of NH3, which account for 9.6% to 32.4% of initial nitrogen. N20 was also an important way of nitrogen losses and 1.5% to 7.3% of initial total nitrogen was lost as it. Statistic analysis showed that the aeration rate is the most important factor which could affect the NH3 （p = 0.0189）, CH4 （p = 0.0113） and N20 （p = 0.0493） emissions significantly. Higher aeration rates reduce the CH4 emission but increase the NH3 and N20 losses. C/N ratio could affect the NH3 （p = 0.0442） and CH4 （p = 0.0246） emissions significantly, but not the N20. Lower C/N ratio caused higher NH3 and CH4 emissions. The initial moisture content can not influence the gaseous emission significantly. Most treatments were matured after 37 days, except a trial with high moisture content and a low C/N ratio.

关键词： pig faeces composting methane nitrous oxide ammonia

Extracellular superoxide dismutase VdSOD5 is required for virulence in Verticillium dahliae

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第7期20卷 1858-1870页

作者： TIAN Li HUANG Cai-min ZHANG Dan-dan LI Ran CHEN Jie-yin SUN Wei-xia QIU Nian-wei DAI Xiao-feng College of Life Science Qufu Normal UniversityQufu 273165P.R.China State Key Laboratory for biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/lnstitute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China

Plants produce reactive oxygen species(ROS) to defend pathogens. To counteract this attack, certain pathogens express superoxide dismutases(SODs) to scavenge host-derived ROS. However, the roles of SODs in Verticillium dahliae, an important vascular pathogen, are not clear. Our previous study has shown that a putative extracellular SOD(VdSOD5) of V. dahliae is significantly induced by culturing in cotton tissues, suggesting that VdSOD5 may play an important role in host–pathogen interactions and virulence. Here, we showed that VdSOD5 encoded a superoxide dismutase with a cofactor copper-binding site and a functional signal peptide that can conduct protein secretion in an invertase-mutated yeast strain. The mutations in VdSOD5(ΔVdSOD5) did not change the normal vegetative growth and conidial production but reduced the virulence of V. dahliae on susceptible host cotton. Further studies showed that the transcription of Vd SOD5 was significantly up-regulated during the early stage of infection, and the loss-of-function of VdSOD5 decreased culture filtrate and fungal tissue SOD activities of V. dahliae by 74 and 28%, respectively. Compared to the wild-type strain Vd991, the ΔVdSOD5 showed the same sensitivity to the intracellular ROS generator menadione. Furthermore, nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) staining demonstrated that VdSOD5 functioned in the detoxification of superoxides generated by host roots during infection. These results suggest that VdSOD5 of V. dahliae is an important virulence factor, secreted out of cells to combat host-derived ROS.

关键词： Verticillium dahliae superoxide dismutase secretion virulence ROS detoxification

Preliminarily study on the maximum handling size, prey size and species selectivity of growth hormone transgenic and non-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio when foraging on gastropods

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第4期36卷 1425-1433页

作者： ZHU Tingbing ZHANG Lihong ZHANG Tanglin WANG Yaping HU Wei OLSEN Rolf Eric ZHU Zuoyan State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072China Yangtze River Fisheries Research lnstitute Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science Wuhan 430223China Department of biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology7491 TrondheimNorway

The present study preliminarily examined the differences in maximum handling size, prey size and species selectivity of growth hormone transgenic and non-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio when foraging on four gastropods species( Bellamya aeruginosa, Radix auricularia, Parafossarulus sinensis and Alocinma longicornis) under laboratory conditions. In the maximum handling size trial, five fish from each age group(1-year-old and 2-year-old) and each genotype(transgenic and non-transgenic) of common carp were individually allowed to feed on B. aeruginosa with wide shell height range. The results showed that maximum handling size increased linearly with fish length, and there was no significant difference in maximum handling size between the two genotypes. In the size selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on three size groups of B. aeruginosa. The results show that the two genotypes of C. carpio favored the small-sized group over the large-sized group. In the species selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on thin-shelled B. aeruginosa and thick-shelled R. auricularia, and five pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on two gastropods species( P. sinensis and A. longicornis) with similar size and shell strength. The results showed that both genotypes preferred thin-shelled Radix auricularia rather than thick-shelled B. aeruginosa, but there were no significant difference in selectivity between the two genotypes when fed on P. sinensis and A. longicornis. The present study indicates that transgenic and non-transgenic C. carpio show similar selectivity of predation on the size-and species-limited gastropods. While this information may be useful for assessing the environmental risk of transgenic carp, it does not necessarily demonstrate that transgenic common carp might have le

关键词： transgenic fish Cyprinus carpio L. fast growth predation ability prey selectivity

Local tissue development of type 1 innate lymphoid cells:guided by interferon-gamma

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第8期6卷 2282-2283页

作者： Thomas M.Conlon Percy A.Knolle Ali Onder Yildirim Comprehensive Pneumology Center(CPC) Institute of Lung Biology and DiseaseHelmholtz Zentrum MunchenMember of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)NeuherbergGermany lnstitute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany

A recent article published in Science by Bai et a I.1 identified interferon-Y(IFN-y)secreted by type 1 innate lymphoid cells(ILCIs)self-perpetuated their own local development from resident hematopoietic stem cells(HS... 详细信息

关键词： interferon lymphoid hematopoietic

Two mitochondrial phosphatases,PP2c63 and Sal2,are required for posttranslational regulation of the TCA cycle in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2021年第7期14卷 1104-1118页

作者： Youjun Zhang Jonas Giese Sandra M.Kerbler Beata Siemiatkowska Leonardo Perez de Souza Jessica Alpers David Barbosa Medeiros Dirk K.Hincha Danilo M.Daloso Mark Stitt Iris Finkemeier Alisdair R.Fernie Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Am Muhlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany Center of Plant Systems biology and Biotechnology 4000 PlovdivBulgaria lnstitute of Plant biology and Biotechnology University of MuensterSchlossplatz 748149 MuensterGermany Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do CearaFortalezaCearaBrasil

Protein phosphorylation is a well-established post-translational mechanism that regulates protein functions and metabolic *** is known that several plant mitochondrial proteins are phosphorylated in a reversible ***,the identities of the protein kinases/phosphatases involved in this mech-anism and their roles in the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle remain *** this study,we isolated and characterized plants lacking two mitochondrially targeted phosphatases(Sal2 and PP2c63)along with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase(PDK),Protein-protein interaction analysis,quantitative phos-phoproteomics,and enzymatic analyses revealed that PDK specifically regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase complex(PDC),while PP2c63 nonspecifically regulates *** recombinant PP2c63 and Sal2 proteins were added to mitochondria isolated from mutant plants,protein-protein interaction and enzymatic analyses showed that PP2c63 directly phosphorylates and modulates the activity of PDC,while Sal2 only indirectly affects TCA cycle *** of steady-state metabolite levels and fluxes in the mutant lines further revealed that these phosphatases regulate flux through the TCA cycle,and that altered metabolism in the sa/2 pp2c63 double mutant compromises plant *** results are discussed in the context of current models of the control of respiration in plants.

关键词： TCA cycle pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation mitochondrial protein phosphatase TCA cycle enzymes phosphorylation