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Review of idiopathic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第47期13卷 6295-6313页

作者： Jason Kihyuk Lee Robert Enns university of british columbia Department of Medicine VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada university of british columbia Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologySt. Paul's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

Recent advances in understanding of pancreatitis and advances in technology have uncovered the veils of idiopathic pancreatitis to a point where a thorough history and judicious use of diagnostic techniques elucidate the cause in over 80% of cases. This review examines the multitude of etiologies of what were once labeled idiopathic pancreatitis and provides the current evidence on each. This review begins with a background review of the current epidemiology of idiopathic pancreatitis prior to discussion of various etiologies. Etiologies of medications,infections,toxins,autoimmune disorders,vascular causes,and anatomic and functional causes are explored in detail. We conclude with management of true idiopathic pancreatitis and a summary of the various etiologic agents. Throughout this review,areas of controversies are highlighted.

关键词： Idiopathic pancreatitis Recurrence, Etiology, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction

Animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis： a comparison of model validity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2050-2054页

作者： Jessica R.Morrice Cheryl Y.Gregory-Evans Christopher A.Shaw Experimental Medicine Program University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Neuroscience Program University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Department of Pathology. university of british columbia Vancouver Canada

Animal models are necessary to investigate the pathogenic features underlying motor neuron degeneration and for therapeutic development in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（ALS）. Measures of model validity allow for a critical interpretation of results from each model and caution from over-interpretation of experimental models. Face and construct validity refer to the similarity in phenotype and the proposed causal factor to the human disease, respectively. More recently developed models are restricted by limited phenotype characterization, yet new models hold promise for novel disease insights, thus highlighting their importance. In this article, we evaluate the features of face and construct validity of our new zebrafish model of environmentally-induced motor neuron degeneration and discuss this in the context of current environmental and genetic ALS models, including C9 orf72, mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 mouse and zebrafish models. In this mini-review, we discuss the pros and cons to validity criteria in each model. Our zebrafish model of environmentally-induced motor neuron degeneration displays convincing features of face validity with many hallmarks of ALS-like features, and weakness in construct validity. However, the value of this model may lie in its potential to be more representative of the pathogenic features underlying sporadic ALS cases, where environmental factors may be more likely to be involved in disease etiology than single dominant gene mutations. It may be necessary to compare findings between different strains and species modeling specific genes or environmental factors to confirm findings from ALS animal models and tease out arbitrary strain-and overexpression-specific effects.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neuron degeneration face validity construct validity zebrafish models mouse models genetic models environmental models

Local scour around submerged angled spur dikes under ice cover

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第6期38卷 781-793页

作者： Guowei Li Jueyi Sui Sanaz Sediqi Mauricio Dziedzic School of Engineering university of Northern british columbia

Local scour is a phenomenon leading to the localized lowering of the channel bed due to the imbalance of sediment *** spur dikes protrude into the natural channels,local scour could be *** estimation of local scour around spur dikes is crucial for the effectiveness of erosion control and prevention and habitat enhancement *** the current study,the correlations between the maximum scour depth and the overtopping ratio,spur dike dimensions,ice cover roughness,and grain size of the bed material are *** both open channel and ice-covered flow conditions,a variety of experiments were done in a large-scale outdoor flume with different experimental *** results revealed that the scour depths around submerged spur dikes increased with increases in the densimetric Froude number and the decreases in the overtopping ratio and alignment *** maximum scour depth around a submerged angled vertical wall spur dike is significantly affected by the presence of an ice cover on the water surface,namely,the rougher the cover,the deeper the scour *** on data collected from the laboratory experiments,an existing maximum scour depth estimation equation has been modified to consider the influence of the cover condition and the submergence *** calculated results showed high accuracy in estimation of the measured data.

关键词： Ice cover Local scour Submerged spur dike Alignment angle

Gastrointestinal manifestations of systemic mastocytosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第45期14卷 7005-7008页

作者： Jason K Lee Scott J Whittaker Robert A Enns Peter Zetler Internal Medicine University of British Columbia St. Paul's Hospital Division of Gastroenterology University of British Columbia St. Paul's Hospital Division of Pathology University of British Columbia

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare disease with abnormal proliferation and infiltration of mast cells in the skin, bone marrow, and viscera including the mucosal surfaces of the digestive tract. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms occur in 14%-85% of patients with systemic mastocytosis. The GI symptoms may be as frequent as the better known pruritis, urticaria pigmentosa, and flushing. In fact most recent studies show that the GI symptoms are especially important clinically due to the severity and chronicity of the effects that they produce. GI symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. A case of predominantly GI systemic mastocytosis with unique endoscopic images and pathologic confirmation is herein presented, as well as a current review of the GI manifestations of this disease including endoscopic appearances. Issues such as treatment and prognosis will not be discussed for the purposes of this paper.

关键词： Systemic mastocytosis Idiopathic diarrhea Gastrointestinal manifestations

Mass-balance ecosystem model of the East China Sea

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第10期19卷 1271-1280页

作者： William W.L. Cheung Tony J. Pitcher The Fisheries Centre University of British Columbia

Using the Ecopath mass-balance trophodynamic model,this paper analyzed the trophic levels,flows,food web structure and ecosystem maturity of the East China Sea,and identified ecologically important functional groups in the *** model is based on fishery resource surveys of the East China Sea in 2000,studies on diet composition and global databases such as FishBase and the Sea Around Us Project *** results showed that trophic levels of the functional groups are between 2.86 and 4.37,with an average of ***(Engraulis japonicus),small fishes and benthic crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs are important groups in terms of the trophic structure and flow dynamics in the East China *** flows of most groups are between specific trophic levels,except file fish(Thamnaconus spp.),pomfret(Pampus spp.) and *** transfer efficiency of levels Ⅱ,Ⅲ,IV and more than V are 11.8%,21.1%,17.4% and 22.1-22.5%,*** of fishery-the largest ‘consumer’ of the ecosystemare much stronger than those exerted by biological groups in the *** model suggests that the current fishery can further reduce the complexity of the *** of the system indices suggest that maturity of the ecosystem is *** conclusion of this model indicates that it was the overfishing that caused the ecosystem of the East China Sea declined,which should be taken into account as a critical reference for fisheries management in the future.

关键词： Ecopath East China Sea Mass-balance Fishery Ecosystem

A novel dual-material probe for in situ measurement of particle charge densities in gas-solid fluidized beds

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Particuology 2015年第4期13卷 20-31页

作者： Chuan He Xiaotao T.Bi John R.Grace Fluidization Research Centre Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe University of British Columbia

Particle charge density is vitally important for monitoring electrostatic charges and understanding particle charging behavior in fluidized beds. In this paper, a dual-material probe was tested in a gas-solid fluidized bed for measuring the charge density of fluidized particles. The experiments were conducted in a two-dimensional fluidized bed with both single bubble injection and freely bubbling, at various particle charge densities and superficial gas velocities. Uniformly sized glass beads were used to eliminate complicating factors at this early stage of probe development. Peak currents, extracted from dynamic signals, were decoupled to determine charge densities of bed particles, which were found to be qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with charge densities directly measured by Faraday cup from the freely bubbling fluidized bed. The current signals were also decoupled to estimate bubble rise velocities, which were found to be in reasonable agreement with those obtained directly by analyzing video images.

关键词： Electrostatics Particle charge density Dual-material collision probe Signal decoupling Fluidized bed Bubble rise velocity

The role of mRNA splicing in prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 515-521页

作者： Anna V Lapuk Stanislav V Volik Yuzhuo Wang Colin C Collins Vancouver Prostate Centreuniversity of british columbia Vancouver BC Canada. Department of Experimental Therapeutics BC Cancer AgencyUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada.

Alternative splicing （AS） is a crucial step in gene expression. It is subject to intricate regulation, and its deregulation in cancer can lead to a wide array of neoplastic phenotypes. A large body of evidence implicates splice isoforms in most if not all hallmarks of cancer, including growth, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and metabolism. AS has important clinical implications since it can be manipulated therapeutically to treat cancer and represents a mechanism of resistance to therapy. In prostate cancer （PCa） AS also plays a prominent role and this review will summarize the current knowledge of alternatively spliced genes with important functional consequences. We will highlight accumulating evidence on AS of the components of the two critical pathways in PCa： androgen receptor （AR） and phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）. These observations together with data on dysregulation of splice factors in PCa suggest that AR and PI3K pathways may be interconnected with previously unappreciated splicing regulatory networks. In addition, we will discuss several lines of evidence implicating splicing regulation in the development of the castration resistance.

关键词： alternative splicing prostate cancer androgen receptor PI3K pathway CRPC neuroendocrine transdifferentiation REST repressor complex

Local scour around two side-by-side cylindrical bridge piers under ice-covered conditions

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2019年第4期34卷 355-367页

作者： Mohammad reza Namaee Jueyi Sui Environmental Engineering Program University of Northern British Columbia

In the current study, 108 flume experiments with non-uniform, cohesionless sediments have been done to investigate the local scour process around four pairs of side-by-side bridge piers under both open channel and ice-covered flow conditions. Similar to local scour around bridge piers under open channel conditions and a single bridge pier, it was observed in the experiments that the maximum scour depth always occurred at the upstream face of the pier under ice-covered conditions. Further, the smaller the pier size and the greater the spacing distance between the bridge piers, the weaker the horseshoe vortices around the bridge piers, and, thus, the shallower the scour holes around them. Finally, empirical equations were developed to estimate the maximum scour depth around two side-by-side bridge piers under both open channel and ice-covered flow conditions.

关键词： Bridge pier Local scour Maximum scour depth Non-uniform sediment Roughness of cover Scour pattern

The translational importance of establishing biomarkers of human spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第3期12卷 385-388页

作者： Sanam Salimi Elizei Brian K.Kwon International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries(ICORD) University of British ColumbiaBCCanada Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity of British ColumbiaBCCanada

The evaluation of such novel therapies for acute spinal cord injury in clinical trials is extremely *** current dependence upon the clinical assessment of neurologic impairment renders many acute SCI patients ineligible for trials because they are not ***,the difficulty in predicting neurologic recovery based on the early clinical assessment forces investigators to recruit large cohorts to have sufficient *** that objectively classify injury severity and better predict neurologic outcome would be valuable tools for translational *** such,the objective of the present review was to describe some of the translational challenges in acute spinal cord injury research and examine the potential utility of neurochemical biomarkers found within cerebrospinal fluid and *** focus on published efforts to establish biological markers for accurately classifying injury severity and precisely predict neurological outcome.

关键词： spinal cord injury, biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid, injury severity neurological recovery