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Toward Human-centered XAIin Practice:A survey

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第4期21卷 740-770页

作者： Xiangwei Kong Shujie Liu Luhao Zhu Department of Data science and management engineering School of ManagementZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Human adoption of artificial intelligence(AI)technique is largely hampered because of the increasing complexity and opacity of AI *** AI(XAI)techniques with various methods and tools have been developed to bridge this gap between high-performance black-box AI models and human ***,the current adoption of XAI technique stil lacks"human-centered"guidance for designing proper solutions to meet different stakeholders'needs in XAI *** first summarize a human-centered demand framework to categorize different stakeholders into five key roles with specific demands by reviewing existing research and then extract six commonly used human-centered XAI evaluation measures which are helpful for validating the effect of *** addition,a taxonomy of XAI methods is developed for visual computing with analysis of method *** clearer human demands and XAI methods in mind,we take a medical image diagnosis scenario as an example to present an overview of how extant XAI approaches for visual computing fulfil stakeholders'human-centered demands in *** we check the availability of open-source XAI tools for stakeholders'*** survey provides further guidance for matching diverse human demands with appropriate XAI methods or tools in specific applications with a summary of main challenges and future work toward human-centered XAI in practice.

关键词： Artificial intelligence(AI)application explainable AI(XAI) human-centered design visual computing medical diagnosis.

Models to Simulate Effective Coverage of Fire Station Based on Real-Time Travel Times

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Computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2024年第4期139卷 483-513页

作者： Sicheng Zhu Dingli Liu Weijun Liu Ying Li Tian Zhou Department of engineering management Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangsha410114China

In recent years,frequent fire disasters have led to enormous damage in *** firefighting rescues can minimize the losses caused by *** the rescue processes,the travel time of fire trucks can be severely affected by traffic conditions,changing the effective coverage of fire ***,it is still challenging to determine the effective coverage of fire stations considering dynamic traffic *** paper addresses this issue by combining the traveling time calculationmodelwith the effective coverage *** addition,it proposes a new index of total effective coverage area(TECA)based on the time-weighted average of the effective coverage area(ECA)to evaluate the urban fire *** also selects China as the case study to validate the feasibility of the models,a fire station(FS-JX)in ***-JX station and its surrounding 9,117 fire risk points are selected as the fire service supply and demand points,respectively.A total of 196 simulation scenarios throughout a consecutiveweek are ***,1,933,815 sets of valid sample data are *** results showed that the TECA of FS-JX is 3.27 km^(2),which is far below the standard requirement of 7.00 km^(2) due to the traffic *** visualization results showed that three rivers around FS-JX interrupt the continuity of its effective *** proposed method can provide data support to optimize the locations of fire stations by accurately and dynamically determining the effective coverage of fire stations.

关键词： Fire services fire station effective coverage real-time traffic simulation

Forced boiling of nonazeotropic immiscible mixture in a supercapillary microchannel array for ultra-high heat flux removal with chip junction temperature below 85℃

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science China(Technological sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1364-1380页

作者： SUN Bo BAO YuChen TIAN Tong LI Ji School of engineering science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Laboratory of Advanced Thermal management Technologies School of Engineering ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

In this study,a structure-optimized two-phase microchannel heat sink with sintered submicron nucleation sites was developed and *** copper-based microchannels had a rectangular cross-section with an equivalent hydraulic diameter of 222μ*** subcooled flow boiling characteristics were comprehensively compared between pure HFE-7100 and a non-azeotropic,immiscible binary mixture of HFE-7100 and water,considering heating areas of 1 and 5 cm^(2).The total heating power input to the test section were 100–1500 and 250–3000 W for a 1 and 5 cm^(2)heat source,respectively,with a flow rate ranging from 50 to150 L/*** to pure HFE-7100,the non-azeotropic immiscible binary mixture of HFE-7100/water in the sintered porous microchannels exhibited a much higher overall heat transfer coefficient and lower power *** maintain the junction temperature of a high power electronic chip below 85℃,the proposed supercapillary microchannel heat sink could effectively dissipate the heat flux of 1275 W/cm^(2)over 1 cm^(2)heat source and 500 W/cm^(2)over 5 cm^(2)heat *** addition,the volume ratio of the binary mixture strongly influence the two-phase flow heat transfer *** optimal volume ratio exist in terms of the thermal resistance–pumping power minimization(HFE-7100:water=2:8 is recommended in this study).The findings of this investigation on the flow boiling properties of non-azeotropic immiscible mixtures help fill a gap in the related field.

关键词： microchannel sintered powder coating submicron nucleation cavities nonazeotropic immiscible ultra-high heat flux

A dynamic exploratory hybrid modelling framework for simulating complex and uncertain system

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Journal of Safety science and Resilience 2024年第2期5卷 167-178页

作者： Gangqiao Wang Han Xing Yongqiang Chen Yi Liu Institute of Big Data Inteligent management and Decision-making College of ManagementShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Safety science Tsinghua UniversityBejing 100084China Department of Mechanics and engineering science College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBejing 100871China

Complex disaster systems involve various components and mechanisms that could interact in complex ways and change over time,leading to significant deep *** to deep uncertainty,decision-makers have severe inadequacy of knowledge and often encounter unpredictable surprises that may emerge in the future,thus making it difficult to specify appropriate models and parameters to describe the system of *** this paper,we propose a dynamic exploratory hybrid modeling framework that fits data,models,and computational ex-periments together to simulate complex systems with deep *** the framework,one needs to develop multiple plausible models from a hybrid modeling perspective and perform enormous computational experi-ments to explore the diversity of future ***-time data is then incorporated into diverse forecasts to dynamically adjust the simulation *** ultimately enables an ongoing modeling and analysis process in which deep uncertainty would be gradually *** approach has been applied to a human-involved car-following system simulation under complex traffic *** results show that the proposed approach can improve the prediction accuracy while enhancing the sensitivity of the simulation system to uncertain changes in the system of interest.

关键词： Disaster modeling and analysis Deepuncertainty Hybrid modeling Adaptivesimulation

A strategy to synthesize phosphorus-containing nickel phyllosilicate whiskers to enhance the flame retardancy of epoxy composites with excellent mechanical and dry-friction properties

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Frontiers of Chemical science and engineering 2024年第3期18卷 39-50页

作者： Shibin Nie Zongquan Zhao Yuxuan Xu Wei He Wenli Zhai Jinian Yang School of Public Security and Emergency management Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHefei231131China School of Safety science and engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan232001China School of Materials science and engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan232001China Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefei230000China

To enhance the fire safety and wear resistance of epoxy,phosphorus-containing nickel phyllosilicate whiskers(FP-NiPS)were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal technology,with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene as the organic *** impacts of FP-NiPS on the thermal stability,flame retardancy,and mechanical and tribological properties of EP composites were *** findings demonstrated that 5 wt%FP-NiPS elevated the limiting oxygen index of the EP composite from 23.8%to 28.4%,achieving a V-0 rating during vertical burning ***-NiPS could enhance the thermal stability of epoxy resin(EP)and facilitate the development of a dense and continuous carbon layer,thereby significantly improving the fire safety of the EP *** FP-NiPS led to an 8.2%increase in the tensile strength and a 38.8%increase in the elastic modulus of the EP composite,showing outstanding mechanical ***,FP-NiPS showed remarkable potential in enhancing the wear resistance of *** wear rate of 1 wt%FP-NiPS is 2.34×10^(−5) mm^(3)·N^(−1)·m^(−1),a decrease of 66.7%compared to *** work provides a novel promising modification method to enhance the fire safety,mechanical and wear resistance properties of EP.

关键词： nickel phyllosilicate epoxy resin flame retardant wear resistance mechanical property

Double integral-enhanced Zeroing neural network with linear noise rejection for time-varying matrix inverse

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第1期9卷 197-210页

作者： Bolin Liao Luyang Han Xinwei Cao Shuai Li Jianfeng Li College of Computer science and engineering Jishou UniversityJishouChina School of management Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina School of engineering Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK

In engineering fields,time-varying matrix inversion(TVMI)issue is often *** neural network(ZNN)has been extensively employed to resolve the TVMI ***,the original ZNN(OZNN)and the integral-enhanced ZNN(IEZNN)usually fail to deal with the TVMI problem under unbounded noises,such as linear ***,a neural network model that can handle the TVMI under linear noise interference is urgently *** paper develops a double integral-enhanced ZNN(DIEZNN)model based on a novel integral-type design formula with inherent linear-noise ***,its convergence and robustness are verified by deriva-tion *** comparison and verification,the OZNN and the IEZNN models are adopted to resolve the TVMI under multiple identical noise *** experi-ments proved that the DIEZNN model has excellent advantages in solving TVMI problems under linear *** general,the DIEZNN model is an innovative work and is proposed for the first ***,the errors of DIEZNN are always less than 1�10−3 under linear noises,whereas the error norms of OZNN and IEZNN models are not convergent to *** addition,these models are applied to the control of the controllable permanent magnet synchronous motor chaotic system to indicate the superiority of the DIEZNN.

关键词： neural network real-time systems

Method for triangular fuzzy multiple attribute decision making based on two-dimensional density operator method

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Journal of Systems engineering and Electronics 2024年第1期35卷 178-185页

作者： LIN Youliang LI Wu LIU Gang HUANG Dong School of Economics and management Hunan Institute of Science and TechnologyYueyang 414000China Hunan Vocational College for Nationalities Yueyang 414000China School of Information science and engineering Hunan Institute of Science and TechnologyYueyang 414000China

Aiming at the triangular fuzzy(TF)multi-attribute decision making(MADM)problem with a preference for the distribution density of attribute(DDA),a decision making method with TF number two-dimensional density(TFTD)operator is proposed based on the density operator theory for the decision maker(DM).Firstly,a simple TF vector clustering method is proposed,which considers the feature of TF number and the geometric distance of ***,the least deviation sum of squares method is used in the program model to obtain the density weight ***,two TFTD operators are defined,and the MADM method based on the TFTD operator is ***,a numerical example is given to illustrate the superiority of this method,which can not only solve the TF MADM problem with a preference for the DDA but also help the DM make an overall comparison.

关键词： fuzzy decision making clustering density operator multi-attribute decision making(MADM)

Facile preparation of Fe/N-based biomass porous carbon composite towards enhancing the thermal decomposition of DAP-4

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 288-294页

作者： Er-hai An Xiao-xia Li Cun-juan Yu Ying-xin Tan Zi-jun Fan Qing-xia Li Peng Deng Xiong Cao School of Environment and Safety engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan030051PR China College of Safety and Emergency management engineering Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan030024PR China

Fe/N-based biomass porous carbon composite(Fe/N-p Carbon) was prepared by a facile high-temperature carbonization method from biomass,and the effect of Fe/N-p Carbon on the thermal decomposition of energetic molecular perovskite-based material DAP-4 was *** porous carbonaceous materials was considered as the micro/nano support layers for in situ deposition of Fe/N ***/Np Carbon was prepared simply by the high-temperature carbonization *** was found that it showed the inherent catalysis properties for thermal decomposition of *** heat release of DAP-4/Fe/N-p Carbon by DSC curves tested had increased slightly,compared from DAP-4/Fe/N-p *** decomposition temperature peak of DAP-4 at the presence of Fe/N-p Carbon had reduced by 79°C from384.4°C(pure DAP-4) to 305.4°C(DAP-4/Fe/N-p Carbon-3).The apparent activation energy of DAP-4thermal decomposition also had decreased by 29.1 J/*** possible catalytic decomposition mechanism of DAP-4 with Fe/N-p Carbon was proposed.

关键词： Biomass materials Porous carbon DAP-4 Thermal decomposition Facile method

Secure state estimation for cyber-physical systems with unknown input sliding mode observer

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 244-253页

作者： Panpan Zhang Yuwei Ren Yixian Fang Ang Liu School of Information science and engineering Shandong Normal UniversityJinan250358ShandongChina School of Information engineering Shandong Management UniversityJinan250357ShandongChina

In recent years, cyber attacks have posed great challenges to the development of cyber-physical systems. It is of great significance to study secure state estimation methods to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system. This paper proposes a secure state estimation for multi-input and multi-output continuous-time linear cyber-physical systems with sparse actuator and sensor attacks. First, for sparse sensor attacks, we propose an adaptive switching mechanism to mitigate the impact of sparse sensor attacks by filtering out their attack modes. Second, an unknown input sliding mode observer is designed to not only observe the system states, sensor attack signals, and measurement noise present in the system but also counteract the effects of sparse actuator attacks through an unknown input matrix. Finally, for the design of an unknown input sliding mode state observer, the feasibility of the observing system is demonstrated by means of Lyapunov functions. Additionally, simulation experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of this method.

关键词： Sparse attacks Cyber-physical systems Unknown input sliding mode Secure state estimation Adaptive switching mechanism