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Randomized, Double Blind and Placebo Controlled Study Using a Combination of Two Probiotic Lactobacilli to Alleviate Symptoms and Frequency of Common Cold

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第11期4卷 13-20页

作者： Regina Busch Joerg Gruenwald Steffi Dudek analyze & realize gmbh Berlin Germany analyze & realize gmbh Berlin Germany.

Purpose: The efficacy of ProbiDefendum, a combination of the two lactobacilli Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL9 and Lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2, on the severity, duration and frequency of cold episodes was studied in a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Methods: A total of 310 subjects with increased risk for common cold infection (at least two episodes of common cold during the last six months) were enrolled and were randomly assigned to receive either active product (A-group) or placebo (P-group) over a period of 12 weeks. Subjects reported the occurrence and severity of cold episodes in a diary, scoring 13 different symptoms of common cold over a period of 7 days after the episode began. Results: In the total study population, cold episodes were reported in 148 cases (47.7%). In the A-group, 54 subjects acquired one and 18 subjects acquired 2 episodes whereas 83 subjects had none. In the P-group, 52 subjects reported one, 24 subjects reported 2 episodes and 79 subjects reported none. Although the number of episodes was similar in both groups, cold episodes in the active group were significantly shorter than in the placebo group. The total sum scores of cold symptoms were significantly lower in the active group as compared with the placebo group, as well as in the intention-to-treat (ITT) as in the per-protocol (PP) collectives (ITT: 75.2 ± 40.3 vs. 113.4 ± 66.3;p 0.001;PP: 73.1 ± 38.8 vs. 117.0 ± 66.1;p 0.001). The daily ingestion of the probiotics over a period of 12 weeks was well tolerated. Conclusion: The daily intake of the probiotic dietary supplement ProbiDefendum over a period of 12 weeks efficiently alleviated symptoms of common cold and the duration of cold episodes.

关键词： Probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL9 Lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2 Immune Common cold Clinical Study

Pilot Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of a Natural Mineral Water Rich in Hydrogen Carbonate on Functional Dyspepsia and Heartburn

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第3期6卷 88-96页

作者： Ute Pohl Annegret Auinger Gordana Bothe Ralf Uebelhack analyze & realize gmbh Berlin Germany

Background: Dyspepsia and heartburn are among the most frequent complaints of the upper gastrointestinal tract impacting quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of drinking a natural mineral water (medicinal product category “Heilwasser” in Germany) high in hydrogen carbonate (Staatl. Fachingen STILL) on functional dyspeptic complaints and heartburn. Methods: 56 men and women with self-reported heartburn were enrolled to this one-arm pilot study. They had to drink 1.5 L of a hydrogen carbonate rich mineral water each day over a course of six weeks. Participants reported the number and duration of heartburn episodes in a daily dairy. The Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ), Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia questionnaire (QOLRAD) and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GILQI) were used to assess the therapeutic course of the treatment and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) to assess general quality of life. Mean ± standard deviation were calculated and pre- and post-treatment changes were compared using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The consumption of a hydrogen carbonate rich mineral water decreased the number of heartburn episodes per week significantly by 4.8 ± 8.2 at the end of the study (p < 0.001). The duration of episodes was also significantly reduced by 25.7 minutes after six weeks of intervention (p < 0.001). Accordingly, the subjectively perceived severity of heartburn, regurgitation and dyspeptic complaints as well as the GERD dimension as assessed by Reflux Disease Questionnaire improved significantly. There was a significant improvement in the disease-specific quality of life as measured by the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (p < 0.001) and by the Quality Of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (p < 0.001) questionnaires and the general health-related quality of life as assessed by SF-12 (p < 0.007). Conclusions: The present pilot study provides evidence that supplementation with natural mineral water rich in hydr

关键词： Heartburn Dyspepsia Natural Mineral Water “Heilwasser” Pilot Study Hydrogen Carbonate

Immunomodulatory Activities of a Concentrated Fruit and Vegetable Juice Tested in a Randomized,Placebo-Controlled,Double-Blind Clinical Trial in Healthy Volunteers

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 341-350页

作者： Manfred Schmolz Reinhard W.Marz Marco Schaudt Cornelia Schaudt Carola Lauster EDI gmbh ReutlingenGermany SCIRM FürthGermany Technische Hochschule NurembergGermany analyze&realize gmbh BerlinGermany

22 healthy volunteers were included in a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study in order to investigate immunomodulatory effects of a concentrated juice, containing the ingredients of a total of 80 different fruits, vegetables, herbs, mushrooms, oils, and others (Cellagon aurum?, “CA”). 11 subjects received the concentrated juice while 11 were allocated to the placebo group. Stimulated whole-blood cultures were used to assess any treatment-related changes in the response of leukocytes towards experimental immune cell activation. For each of the individuals, 5 cultures were performed either immediately before, during, or 3 days after termination of the 7 weeks treatment. Leukocyte activities were determined by measuring cytokine levels in the supernatants at the end of the 48 h of stimulation (induced by the addition of LPS + SE-B + anti-CD28 antibodies). Despite the relatively small number of volunteers, multiplexed cytokine assays revealed a typical T-cell signature of cytokines that were increased significantly in the course of CA treatment compared to placebo (GM-CSF, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, TNFβ, all p 0.05). These preliminary results suggest that CA is able to support leukocyte activation, in particular that of T-lymphocytes.

关键词： Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Ex Vivo Cytokine Juice Concentrate

Uromedic^(■) Pumpkin Seed Derived Δ7-Sterols, Extract and Oil Inhibit 5α-Reductases and Bind to Androgen Receptor in Vitro

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第6期9卷 193-207页

作者： Stefan Heim Stephanie Seibt Heike Stier Margret I More Omega Pharma Manufacturing gmbh&Co.KG Benzstr.25HerrenbergGermany analyze & realize gmbh Department of Consulting and Strategic InnovationWaldseeweg 6BerlinGermany

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is implicated in the development of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). We investigated if Uromedic? pumpkin (variety of Cucurbita pepo L. convar. citrullinina GREB. var. styriaca GREB) seed soft extract (active ingredients of GRANUFINK? Prosta forte 500 mg), seed oil and isolated Δ7-sterols could inhibit the conversion of [1,2,6,7-3H(N)]-testosterone to DHT by 5α-reductases. Also, we tested competition with [3H]-DHT for binding to the androgen receptor (AR). Pumpkin seed oil and pumpkin seed soft extract were identified as moderately active inhibitors of 5α-R1 and 5α-R2, with almost similar inhibitory capacities (IC50 5 mg/ml for 5α-R1 and about IC50 = 6 mg/ml for 5α-R2). The isolated Δ7-sterols were more active inhibitors (IC50 = 0.3 mg/ml for 5α-R1, IC50 = 1.0 mg/ml for 5α-R2). All three test compounds bound to the AR dose-dependently, with strong binding by Δ7-sterols (IC50 = 0.2 mg/ml) and weaker binding by pumpkin seed oil (IC50 = 0.4 mg/ml) and pumpkin seed soft extract (IC50 = 1.1 mg/ml). We propose that inhibition of 5α-reductases and competitive binding to the AR are mechanisms of action, by which the Uromedic? pumpkin seed derived test compounds, most specifically Δ7-sterols, counteract DHT and thereby exert clinically positive effects on the prostate, as well as bladder-strengthening effects.

关键词： 5-Alpha-Reductases 5α-R1 and 5α-R2 Androgen Receptor Dihydrotestosterone Uromedic? Pumpkin Seed Oil and Soft Extract (Delta-7) Δ7-Sterols

The Effects of Standardized Ginkgo Biloba Extracts (GBE) on Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) in Middle-Aged Adults: A Review

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Advances in Aging Research 2020年第3期9卷 45-65页

作者： Joerg Gruenwald Anne Eckert Reto W. Kressig analyze & realize gmbh Berlin Germany Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychiatric University Clinics Basel University Basel Switzerland Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter Basel University Basel Switzerland

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is defined as the presence of self-reported cognitive complaints with unimpaired performance in neuropsychological cognitive tests. SCD has been identified as a precursor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and potentially represents the earliest clinical sign of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Standardized extracts of Ginkgo biloba (GBE) are widely used as a treatment for cognitive impairment. Nonetheless, most of the available review articles focus on the effects of GBE in MCI and dementia but not in SCD and its specific cognitive effects. Thus, this review collects and discusses the available published clinical data for the effects of standardized GBE on the early stages of cognitive decline among an age group where SCD becomes a topic—the middle-aged adults. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of standardized GBEs in cognitive decline subjects were searched using PubMed/MEDLINE, Science direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar until January 2019. Data from relevant RCT were critically evaluated to determine the potential effects of GBE on SCD. The results showed that the number of available GBE studies on SCD is small. Eight studies were selected in which subjects reported memory impairment, in some cases with concerns (worries), and with an average age at onset SCD of 60 years. Six studies gave a proof of efficacy for GBE for the treatment of SCD in at least one cognitive parameter. One study is inconclusive, however, a post-hoc analysis demonstrates efficacy in preventing AD with intake >4 years. The most common GBE dosage used was 240 mg GBE/day over a minimum period of 8 weeks. Hence, there might be beneficial effects of GBE to prevent, improve or delay SCD in the generation of 50 years or older. However, larger, well-defined RCTs using SCD criteria are necessary to further substantiate this effect in SCD subjects.

关键词： Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) Memory Ginkgo Biloba Standardized Extract(s) (GBE) LI1370 EGb 761

Efficacy and tolerability of hydrogen carbonate-rich waterfor heartburn

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2016年第1期7卷 171-180页

作者： andré-michael beer ralf uebelhack ute pohl Klinik Blankenstein Ruhr-Universität Bochum45527 HattingenGermany analyze and realize gmbh 13456 BerlinGermany

AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of mineralwater with a high content of hydrogen carbonate inpatients with ***： This open, single-center, single-armclinical pilot study enrolled 50 patients, 18-64 yearsold, who had been suffering from heartburn at leasttwice a week for at least 3 mo before entering thestudy. Pharmacological treatment of heartburn was notpermitted, and patients with severe organic diseaseswere excluded. After a run-in period of one week, theparticipants received 1.5 L of the test water for thefollowing 6 wk; 300 mL with meals t.i.d., the remainderto be drunk throughout the day. During the trial, therewere five visits at the study center （screening, baseline,two interim visits and the final visit）. The efficacyendpoints included incidence and duration of heartburnepisodes per week by patient＇s self-assessment （heartburndiary） as well as changes in symptom severity asper symptom specific questionnaires [Reflux Disease Questionnaire （RDQ）; Quality of Life in Reflux andDyspepsia （QOLRAD）; Gastrointestinal Quality of LifeIndex] and overall health-related quality of life per SF-12（12-question short form） at each visit. At the end of thestudy, patients and investigators independently ratedthe overall efficacy of the test water on a 4-point Likertscale. Safety was assessed by evaluation of adverseevents （AEs）, vital signs （heart rate, blood pressure）and laboratory parameters. Changes from initial to finalexaminations were assessed by the non-parametricWilcoxon test; categorical variables were comparedusing the χ 2 test, and for more than 5 categories, by ***： Twenty-eight participants were men, 22women. The mean age of the patients in the fullanalysis set/intention-to treat population （FAS/ITT） was40.6 years. Forty-two participants completed the studyaccording to the study protocol and formed the perprotocolset （PP population）; 48 participants drank thewater at least once as requested and were analyzedas ITT population.

关键词： Heartburn Hydrogen carbonate-rich mineralwater Open clinical pilot study Patients Regurgitation Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms Dyspepsia Blood pressure Tolerability Quality of life

Numerical microstructure prediction for an aluminium casting and its experimental validation

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China Foundry 2011年第3期8卷 331-336页

作者： Unterreiter Guenter Ludwig Andreas Wu Menghuai Materials Center Leoben Forschung gmbh Leoben Austria Chair for Simulation and Modelling of Metallurgical Processes Department of Metallurgy University of Leoben Leoben Austria

Virtual manufacturing based on through-process modelling becomes an evolving research area which aims at integrating diverse simulation tools to realize computer-aided design, analysis, prototyping and manufacturing. Numerical prediction of the as-cast microstructure is an initial and critical step in the whole through-process modelling chain for engineering components. A commercial software package with the capability of calculating important microstructure features for aluminium alloys is used to simulate a G-AlSi7MgCu0.5 laboratory casting. The simulated microstructure, namely grain size, secondary dendrite arm spacing and diverse phase fractions are verified experimentally. Correspondence and discrepancies are reported and discussed.

关键词：数字微观结构预言扔的铝通过过程建模

Dual-polarization wavelength conversion of 16-QAM signals in a single silicon waveguide with a lateral p-i-n diode[Invited]

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Photonics Research 2018年第5期6卷 I0048-I0054页

作者： FRANCESCO DA Ros ANDRZEJ GAJDA ERIK LIEBIG EDSON P.DA SILVA ANNA PECZEK PETER D.GIROUARD ANDREAS MAI KLAUS PETERMANN LARS ZIMMERMANN MICHAEL GALILI LEIF K.OXENLOWE DTU Fotonik Technical University of DenmarkDK-2800 Kongens LyngbyDenmark IHP Im Technologiepark 2515236 Frankfurt(Oder)Germany IHP Solutions gmbh Im Technologiepark 2515236 Frankfurt(Oder)Germany Institut for Hochfrequenz-und Halbleiter-Systemtechnologien TU BerlinEinsteinufer 2510587 BerlinGermany AMETEK CTS Europe gmbh L unener StraBe 211-21259174 KamenGermany

A polarization-diversity loop with a silicon waveguide with a lateral p-i-n diode as a nonlinear medium is used to realize polarization insensitive four-wave mixing. Wavelength conversion of seven dual-polarization 16-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM) signals at 16 GBd is demonstrated with an optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty below 0.7 dB. High-quality converted signals are generated thanks to the low polarization dependence(≤0.5 dB) and the high conversion efficiency(CE) achievable. The strong Kerr nonlinearity in silicon and the decrease of detrimental free-carrier absorption due to the reverse-biased p-i-n diode are key in ensuring high CE levels.

关键词： Invited Dual-polarization wavelength conversion of 16-QAM signals in a single silicon waveguide with a lateral p-i-n diode QAM

The High Value CVT Concept--Cost Effective and Powerful

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重庆理工大学学报（自然科学） 2011年第7期25卷 14-23页

作者： A. Englisch, A. Teubert A. Gotz E. Muller E. Simon B. Walter A. Baumgartner LuK gmbh Co. KG Germany

Based on the comprehensive comparison of vehicle performance in economy,engine power,driving smoothness,and efficiency cost as well as pollutant emission etc,the paper discussed the high value CVT concept from an angle of the cost effective and powerful for *** the paper,it researched the related technical detail in *** means of realizing the continuous change in transmission ratio,it could obtain the optimal matching between transmission system and engine operating mode,and enhance the characteristic of fuel oil in economy,and also improve the convenience in manipulation for driver and make passenger *** easy to understand the concept,the paper made the comparison analysis in many aspects such as performance,transmission specification,high value CVT hybrid,orifice torque sensor,hydraulic system,high value CVT em,new chain portfolio and assessment of the high value CVT on the *** it showed the potential advantages of CVT technology development,and proposed future developing trends to realize technical scheme of high value CVT.

关键词： high value CVT engine optimization matching economy in fuel oil