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plant type effect overweighs seasonal variation in n-alkanoic acid biomarker on regional Loess Plateau of China

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science China Earth sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2547-2562页

作者： Jinzhao LIU S.Nemiah LADD Jiaju ZHAO Dongna YAN Ding HE Yunning CAO Zhisheng AN State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China CAS center for Excellence in Quaternary science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China Department of Environmental sciences University of BaselBasel 4056Switzerland Department of Ocean science and center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macao The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China

The effect of plant type on n-alkane biomarker has been widely studied,but the influence of plant type on n-alkanoic acids(n-FAs)has received less *** the effect of the distribution of n-FAs and their hydrogen isotope composition(δ^(2)H_(FA))is critical for interpreting sedimentaryδ^(2)H_(FA)values as proxies of hydroclimate and/or vegetation *** this study,we systematically investigated the distribution ofn-FAs andδ^(2)H_(FA)values across seasons on the Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP).Our results showed that there were no significant seasonal differences in n-FAs distribution andδ^(2)H_(FA)values,but there were significant differences inδ^(2)H_(FA)values across plant ***δ^(2)H_(FA)values ranged from-185‰to-125‰in dicots(-161‰±28‰),and from-215‰to-170‰in monocots(-196‰±22‰)on the *** fractionation betweenδ^(2)H_(FA)values and precipitationδ^(2)H(ε_(FA-P))was also^(2)H-enriched in dicots relative to *** the regional scale of the CLP,δ^(2)H_(FA)values were not correlated withδ^(2)H values of ***,δ^(2)H_(FA)values from the CLP were similar to expectations from a global comparison,both in terms of their mean values and high variability among plants growing in sites with similarδ^(2)H values of *** some of this variability inεFA-Pis due to the effect of plant type,a careful assessment of the likely sources of waxes in terrestrial sediments is critical when usingδ^(2)H_(FA)values for paleohydroclimate reconstruction.

关键词： n-Alkanoic acid Hydrogen isotope plant type Paleohydroclimate Chinese Loess Plateau

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Planetary Homeostasis of Reactive Nitrogen Through Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 175-183页

作者： Guibing Zhu Bangrui Lan Shuci Liu Cameron M.Callbeck Shanyun Wang Liping Jiang Asheesh Kumar Yadav Jan Vymazal Mike S.M.Jetten Ganlin Zhang Yongguan Zhu Research center for Eco-Environmental sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Department of Environment and science Queensland GovernmentBrisbaneQLD 4102Australia Department of Environmental sciences University of BaselBasel 4056Switzerland CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology Bhubaneswar 751013India Faculty of Environmental sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePraha 16521Czech Republic Department of Microbiology Radboud UniversityNijmegen 6525 XZThe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic sciences Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

The availability of nitrogen(N)is crucial for both the productivity of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems ***,the overuse of artificial fertilizers and the energy required to fix nitrogen have pushed the global nitrogen cycle(N-cycle)past its safe operating limits,leading to severe nitrogen pollution and the production of significant amounts of greenhouse gas nitrous oxide(N2O).The anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)mechanism can counteract the release of ammonium and N2O in many oxygenlimited situations,assisting in the restoration of the homeostasis of the Earth’s N *** this work,we looked into the characteristics of the anammox hotspots’distribution across various types of ecosystems *** hotspots are present at diverse oxic-anoxic interfaces in terrestrial systems,and they are most prevalent at the oxic-anoxic transition zone in aquatic *** on the discovery of an anammox hotspot capable of oxidizing ammonium anoxically into N2 without N2O by-product,we then designed an innovative concept and technical routes of nature-based anammox hotspot geoengineering for climate change,biodiversity loss,and efficient utilization of water *** 15 years of actual use,anammox hotspot geoengineering has proven to be effective in ensuring clean drinking water,regulating the climate,fostering plant and animal diversity,and enhancing longterm environmental *** sustainable biogeoengineering of anammox could be a workable natural remedy to resolve the conflicts between environmental pollution and food security connected to N management.

关键词： Biogeochemical N-cycle Oxic-anoxic interface Nature-based solution Biogeoengineering Nitrogen sustainable development

Extracellular matrix remodelling in dental pulp tissue of carious human teeth through the prism of single-cell RNA sequencing

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International Journal of Oral science 2023年第3期15卷 450-461页

作者： Anamaria Balic Dilara Perver Pierfrancesco Pagella Hubert Rehrauer Bernd Stadlinger Andreas E.Moor Viola Vogel Thimios A.Mitsiadis Orofacial Development and Regeneration Institute of Oral BiologyCentre of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Health sciences and Technology Institute of Translational MedicineETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland Functional Genomics center zurich ETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Clinic of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Biosystems science and Engineering ETH ZurichBaselSwitzerland

Carious lesions are bacteria-caused destructions of the mineralised dental tissues,marked by the simultaneous activation of immune responses and regenerative events within the soft dental pulp *** major molecular players in tooth decay have been uncovered during the past years,a detailed map of the molecular and cellular landscape of the diseased pulp is still *** this study we used single-cell RNA sequencing analysis,supplemented with immunostaining,to generate a comprehensive single-cell atlas of the pulp of carious human *** data demonstrated modifications in the various cell clusters within the pulp of carious teeth,such as immune cells,mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)and fibroblasts,when compared to the pulp of healthy human *** immune response in the carious pulp tissue is accompanied by specific changes in the fibroblast and MSC *** changes include the upregulation of genes encoding extracellular matrix(ECM)components,including COL1A1 and Fibronectin(FN1),and the enrichment of the fibroblast cluster with *** incremental changes in the ECM composition of carious pulp tissues were further confirmed by immunostaining *** of the Fibronectin fibres under mechanical strain conditions showed a significant tension reduction in carious pulp tissues,compared to the healthy *** present data demonstrate molecular,cellular and biomechanical alterations in the pulp of human carious teeth,indicative of extensive ECM remodelling,reminiscent of fibrosis observed in other *** comprehensive atlas of carious human teeth can facilitate future studies of dental pathologies and enable comparative analyses across diseased organs.

关键词： organs pulp matrix

Control of PHERES1 Imprinting in Arabidopsis by Direct Tandem Repeats

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Molecular plant 2009年第4期2卷 654-660页

作者： Corina Belle R. Villar Aleksandra Erilova Grigory Makarevich Raphael Trosch Claudia Kohler Department of Biology and zurich-basel plant science center Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Centre CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that causes monoallelic expression of specific genes dependent on the parent-of-origin. Imprinting of the Arabidopsis gene PHERES1 requires the function of the FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT SEED （FIS） Polycomb group complex as well as a distally located methylated region containing a tandem triple repeat sequence. In this study, we investigated the regulation of the close PHERES1 homolog PHERES2. We found that PHERES2 is also a direct target gene of the FIS Polycomb group complex, but, in contrast to PHERES1, PHERES2 is equally expressed from maternal and paternal alleles. Thus, PHERES2 is not regulated by genomic imprinting, correlating with the lack of tandem repeats at PHERES2. Eliminating tandem repeats from the PHERES1 locus abolishes PHERES1 imprinting, demonstrating that tandem repeats are essential forPHERES1 imprinting. Taking these results together, our study shows that the recently duplicated genes PHERES1 and PHERES2 are both target genes of the FIS Polycomb group complex but only PHERES1 is regulated by genomic imprinting, which is likely caused by the presence of repeat sequences in the proximity of the PHERES1 locus.

关键词： Chromatin structure and remodeling epigenetics gene regulation gene silencing gametogenesis and fertilization.

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基于生态学原理的作物品种混合种植建立

Journal of plant Ecology 2023年第6期16卷 46-60页

作者： Emanuel B.Kopp Pascal A.Niklaus Samuel E.Wuest Agroscope Group Breeding ResearchDivision Plant BreedingMüller-Thurgau-Strasse 298820 W鋎enswilSwitzerland Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and zurich-basel plant science center University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland University of zurich Research Priority Program on Global Change and Biodiversity University of Zurich8057 ZurichSwitzerland

作物品种混合种植具有很多有益效应,包括抑制病原体和增加产量和产量稳定性。然而,这些效应并不一定在所有作物品种混合种植中都出现,多样性带来的效应可能会因作物异质性的增加而抵消。在田间建立作物品种混合种植,如果没有预先预测组... 详细信息

作物品种混合种植具有很多有益效应,包括抑制病原体和增加产量和产量稳定性。然而,这些效应并不一定在所有作物品种混合种植中都出现,多样性带来的效应可能会因作物异质性的增加而抵消。在田间建立作物品种混合种植,如果没有预先预测组合哪些基因型可以产生表现良好的混合种植,会导致工作量过于庞大。因此,需要有效的工具来缩减有希望的品种混合种植组合,并在实验中确定其中哪些组合会带来最大效应。在这里,我们首先综述已有的关于生态多样性实验和当前农业应用效应及其机理,然后讨论应用这些知识开发良好品种混合种植组合时出现的一些主要困难。我们还讨论了解决其中一些问题的非常规方法。我们特别强调基于性状确定好的品种混合种植伙伴的潜力和局限性,并认为非传统性状和性状衍生的指标可能需要基于性状的方法来充分发挥其潜力。具体而言,我们认为可以使用现代遗传和基因组方法确定良好的混合种植伙伴。或者,可以通过组合对环境变化做出不同反应的品种(这些品种可以在标准品种测试试验中轻松识别)来获得良好的混作组合。初步分析结果表明,解释对不同环境响应的生态位差异,可以指示功能互补性并提高混合种植组合的产量及其稳定性。

关键词：农业生态学品种混合种植作物多样性群落生态学植物育种病原物/疾病控制产量稳定性

Isolation and identification of desert habituated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi newly reported from the Arabian Peninsula

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第4期6卷 488-497页

作者： Sarah SYMANCZIK Janusz BLASZKOWSKI Sally KOEGEL Thomas BOLLER Andres WIEMKEN Mohamed N AL-YAHYA'EI zurich basel plant science center Institute of BotanyUniversity of Basel Department of plant Protection West Pomeranian University of Technology Soil and Water Research center. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Department of Aridland Agriculture College of Food and AgricultureUnited Arab Emirates University

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） are known to facilitate the growth and vigour of many plants, particularly in arid ecosystems. In a survey of AMF in a date palm plantation and two natural sites of a desert in Oman, we generated many single spore-derived cultures of AMF. We identified a number of these isolates based on spore morphotyping and molecular phylogenetic analysis using the sequence of the LSU-rDNA. Here, we presented the characteristics of four species of AMF recovered, namely Claroideoglomus drummondii, Diversispora aurantia, Diversispora spurca and Funneliformis africanum. The four species have been described previously, but for the Arabian Peninsula they are reported here for the first time. Our endeavor of isolation and characterization of some AMF habituated to arid sites of Arabia represents a first step towards application for environmental conservation and sustainable agriculture in this region.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biotechnology isolation characterization desert ecosystem Arabian Peninsula Oman

A plasma membrane nucleotide-binding leucinerich repeat receptor mediates the recognition of the Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum effector RipY in Nicotiana benthamiana

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plant Communications 2023年第6期4卷 313-328页

作者： Boyoung Kim Wenjia Yu Haseong Kim Qian Dong Sera Choi Maxim Prokchorchick Alberto PMacho Kee Hoon Sohn Cécile Segonzac Department of Agriculture Forestry and BioresourcesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea plant Immunity Research center Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Shanghai center for plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China Department of Life sciences Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea plant Genomics and Breeding Institute Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Research Institute of Agriculture and Life sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Present address:Institute of plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-basel plant science center University of Zürich8008 ZürichSwitzerland The Institute of Crop science and Resource Conservation(INRES) University of BonnNussallee 953115 BonnGermany

Bacterial wilt disease caused by several Ralstonia species is one of the most destructive diseases in Solanaceae *** a few functional resistance genes against bacterial wilt have been cloned to ***,we showthat the broadly conserved typeⅢsecreted effector RipY is recognized by the Nicotiana benthamiana immune system,leading to cell death induction,induction of defense-related gene expression,and restriction of bacterial pathogen *** a multiplexed virus-induced gene-silencing-based *** nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptor(NbNLR)library,we identified a coiled-coil(CC)nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptor(CNL)required for recognition of RipY,which we named RESISTANCE TO RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM RIPY(RRS-Y).Genetic complementation assays in RRS-Y-silenced plants and stable rrs-y knockout mutants demonstrated that RRS-Y is sufficient to activate RipY-induced cell death andRipY-induced immunity to Ralstonia ***-Y function is dependent on the phosphate-binding loop motif of the nucleotide-binding domain but independent of the characterized signaling components ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1,ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1,and N REQUIREMENT GENE 1 and the NLR helpers NB-LRR REQUIRED FOR HR-ASSOCIATED CELL DEATH-2,-3,and-4 in *** further show that RRS-Y localization at the plasma membrane is mediated by two cysteine residues in the CC domain and is required for RipY *** also broadly recognizes RipY homologs across Ralstonia ***,we show that the C-terminal region of RipY is indispensable for RRS-Y ***,our findings provide an additional effector/receptor pair system to deepen our understanding of CNL activation in plants.

关键词： typeⅢsecreted effector plant immune system nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor virusinduced gene silencing

Arabidopsis MSI1 Is Required for Negative Regulation of the Response to Drought Stress

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Molecular plant 2009年第4期2卷 675-687页

作者： Cristina Alexandre Yvonne Moller-Steinbach Nicole Sch6nrock Wilhelm Gruissem Lars Hennig Department of Biology and zurich-basel plant science center ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Present address: Brain and Mind Research Institute University of Sydney 100 Mallett St Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia Department of Biology ETH Zurich LFW E17 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland

Arabidopsis MSI1 has fundamental functions in plant development. MSI1 is a subunit of Polycomb group protein complexes and Chromatin assembly factor 1, and it interacts with the Retinoblastoma-related protein 1. Altered levels of MSI1 result in pleiotropic phenotypes, reflecting the complexity of MSI1 protein functions. In order to uncover additional functions of MSI1, we performed transcriptional profiling of wild-type and plants with highly reduced MSI1 levels （msil-cs）. Surprisingly, the known functions of MSI1 could only account for a minor part of the transcriptional changes in msil-cs plants. One of the most striking unexpected observations was the up-regulation of a subset of ABA-responsive genes eliciting the response to drought and salt stress. We report that MSI1 can bind to the chromatin of the drought-inducible downstream target RD20 and suggest a new role for MSI1 in the negative regulation of the Arabidopsis drought-stress response.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress water relations chromatin structure and remodeling transcriptome analysis development.

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Molecular plant 2012年第1期5卷 115-130页

作者： Stefanie Ranf Julia Grimmer Yvonne P6schl Pascal Pecher Delphine Chinchilla Dierk Scheel Justin Lee Leibniz Institute of plant Biochemistry Stress and Developmental Biology Weinberg 3 D-06120 Halle Germanyb Present address： Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Weinbergweg 22 D-06120 Halle Germany Institute of Computer science Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1 D-06120 Halle Germany zurich-basel plant science center Botanical Institute University of Basel Hebelstrasse 1 4056 Basel Switzerland

Calcium acts as a second messenger for signaling to a variety of stimuli including MAMPs （Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns）, such as fig22 and elf18 that are derived from bacterial flagellin and elongation factor Tu, respectively. Here, Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with changed calcium elevation （cce） in response to fig22 treatment were isolated and characterized. Besides novel mutant alleles of the fig22 receptor, FLS2 （Flagellin-Sensitive 2）, and the receptor-associated kinase, BAK1 （Brassinosteroid receptor 1-Associated Kinase 1）, the new cce mutants can be categorized into two main groups--those with a reduced or an enhanced calcium elevation. Moreover, cce mutants from both groups show differ- ential phenotypes to different sets of MAMPs. Thus, these mutants will facilitate the discovery of novel components in early MAMP signaling and bridge the gaps in current knowledge of calcium signaling during plant-microbe interactions. Last but not least, the screening method is optimized for speed （covering 384 plants in 3 or 10 h） and can be adapted to genetically dissect any other stimuli that induce a change in calcium levels.

关键词： Calcium signaling/transport defense responses plant-microbe interactions signal transduction Arabidopsis.