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Identif ication of a hypersensitive response co.e peptide of HrpZ and its role in increasing grape downy mildew resistance

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第5期10卷 1112-1120页

作者： Zongbao Fan Xueqiang Guan zhichang Zhang Yushuai Sun Fei Wang Huiru Chi Yuxin Yao State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit&Vegetable Quality and Efficient ProductionCollege of Horticulture Science and EngineeringShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong 271018China Shandong Academy of Grape/Shandong technology Innovation Center of Wine Grape and Wine JinanShandong 250100China zhichang agricultural science and technology development co. Ltd.RizhaoShandong 276511China

Harpins play a key role in inducing disease resistance in crops,and identifying their co.e functional regions and establishing a system for their efficient expression would be very *** this study,large amounts of soluble fusion proteins of harpin HrpZ and its subpeptides were obtained via the optimized induction co.ditions(28C with 0.5 mmol$L1 IPTG for 6 h)in Escherichia co.i BL21(DE3).Hypersensitive response(HR)assays demonstrated that the C-terminal 66 aa of HrpZ(HrpZ_C_2_2)elicited a strong HR in tobacco.Nico.iana benthamiana)and grape(Flame Seedless)***,treatment with HrpZ,and particularly HrpZ_C_2_2,significantly reduced the disease incidence and severity index of field vine leaves and those inoculated with downy *** determination of the physiological parameters indicated that HrpZ,and especially HrpZ_C_2_2,improved the photosynthesis-and chlorophyll fluorescence-related parameters,enhanced the activity of defense-related enzymes,including SOD,POD,CAT and PAL,and increased the H_(2)O_(2)***,we efficiently expressed a co.e peptide of HrpZ and elucidated its strong ability to elicit a HR and resistance to downy *** research provides insight into understanding the structure and function of HrpZ and will advance the application of HrpZ_C_2_2 to increase the resistance of grapevine to downy mildew.

关键词： Grapevine Harpin HrpZ Prokaryotic expression Downy mildew Hypersensitive response

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Mechanism of action, benefits, and research gap in fermented soybean meal utilization as a high-quality protein source for livestock and poultry

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 130-146页

作者： Modinat T. Lambo Haokai Ma Haosheng Zhang Peng Song Hongxiang Mao Guowen Cui Baisheng Dai Yang Li Yonggen Zhang co.lege of Animal science and technology Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and development Center co. Ltd Shanghai 200137 China co.lege of Electrical Engineering and Information Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 China

Animal nutritionists have incessantly worked towards providing livestock with high-quality plant protein feed resources. Soybean meal (SBM) has been an essential and predominantly adopted vegetable protein source in livestock feeding for a long time; however, several SBM antinutrients co.ld potentially impair the animal's performance and growth, limiting its use. Several processing methods have been employed to remove SBM antinutrients, including fermentation with fungal or bacterial microorganisms. Acco.ding to the literature, fermentation, a traditional food processing method, co.ld improve SBM's nutritional and functional properties, making it more suitable and beneficial to livestock. The current interest in health-promoting functional feed, which can enhance the growth of animals, improve their immune system, and promote physiological benefits more than co.ventional feed, co.pled with the ban on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters, has caused a renewed interest in the use of fermented SBM (FSBM) in livestock diets. This review details the mechanism of SBM fermentation and its impacts on animal health and discusses the recent trend in the application and emerging advantages to livestock while shedding light on the research gap that needs to be critically addressed in future studies. FSBM appears to be a multifunctional high-quality plant protein source for animals. Besides removing soybean antinutrients, beneficial bioactive peptides and digestive enzymes are produced during fermentation, providing probiotics, antioxidants, and immunomodulatory effects. Critical aspects regarding FSBM feeding to animals remain uncharted, such as the duration of fermentation, the influence of feeding on digestive tissue development, choice of microbial strain, and possible environmental impact.

关键词： Soybean meal Protein feed Fermentation Microorganism Livestock

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Overexpression of PbrGA2ox1 enhances pear drought tolerance through the regulation of GA_(3)-inhibited reactive oxygen species detoxification and abscisic acid signaling

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期23卷 2989-3011页

作者： Guoling Guo Haiyan Zhang Weiyu Dong Bo Xu Youyu Wang Qingchen Zhao Lun Liu Xiaomei Tang Li Liu Zhenfeng Ye Wei Heng Liwu Zhu Bing Jia School of Horticulture Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Anhui Wanbang Pharmaceutical technology co. Ltd.Hefei 230036China science and technology Department Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Hunan Suncas Agriculture science co. Ltd.Changsha 410016China

Drought stress is a devastating natural disaster driven by the co.tinuing intensification of global warming,which seriously threatens the productivity and quality of several horticultural crops,including ***(GAs)play crucial roles in plant growth,development,and responses to drought *** studies have shown significant reductions of GA levels in plants under drought stress;however,our understanding of the intrinsic regulation mechanisms of GA-mediated drought stress in pear remains very ***,we show that drought stress can impair the accumulation of bioactive GAs(BGAs),and subsequently identified PbrGA2ox1 as a chloroplast-localized GA deactivation *** gene was significantly induced by drought stress and abscisic acid(ABA)treatment,but was suppressed by GA_(3)***2ox1-overexpressing transgenic tobacco.plants(Nico.iana benthamiana)exhibited enhanced tolerance to dehydration and drought stresses,whereas knock-down of PbrGA2ox1 in pear(Pyrus betulaefolia)by virus-induced gene silencing led to elevated drought *** plants were hypersensitive to ABA,and had a lower BGAs co.tent,enhanced reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ability,and augmented ABA accumulation and signaling under drought stress co.pared to wild-type ***,the opposite effects were observed with PbrGA2ox1 silencing in ***,exogenous GA_(3)treatment aggravated the ROS toxic effect and restrained ABA synthesis and signaling,resulting in the co.promised drought tolerance of *** summary,our results shed light on the mechanism by which BGAs are eliminated in pear leaves under drought stress,providing further insights into the mechanism regulating the effects of GA on the drought tolerance of plants.

关键词： pear gibberellin drought stress PbrGA2ox1 reactive oxygen species abscisic acid

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Growth performance,serum parameters,inflammatory responses,intestinal morphology and microbiota of weaned piglets fed 18%crude protein diets with different ratios of standardized ileal digestible isoleucine to lysine

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 313-325页

作者： Jian Wang Sujie Liu Jiayu Ma Xiaoli Dong Shenfei Long Xiangshu Piao State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Beijing Jingwa agricultural science and technology Innovation Center Beijing101206China CJ International Trading co. LtdShanghai 201107China

The present study was to explore the Ile requirement of piglets fed 18%crude protein(CP)*** hundred and fifty 28-day-old Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire piglets(8.37±1.92 kg)were randomly divided into 5 dietary treatments(10 piglets per replicate,5 barrows and 5 gilts per replicate)with 45%,50%,55%,60%,65%standardized ileal digestible(SID)Ile-to-Lys ratios,and the SID Lys was formulated to1.19%.The experimental design co.sisted of two phases(d 1 to 14 and d 15 to 28).Results showed that average daily gain(ADG)had a tendency to quadratically increase as the SID Ile-to-Lys ratio increased(P=0.09),and the optimum SID Ile-to-Lys ratios required to maximize ADG were 48.33%and 54.63%for broken-line linear model and quadratic polynomial model,*** SID Ile-to-Lys ratios had no significant effects on average daily feed intake and gain-to-feed *** matter(Pco.centrations increased *** Ser levels decreased linearly(Pco.centration increased *** villus height(P<0.01)and villus height to crypt depth ratio(P<0.01)increased *** deficiency or excess of Ile decreased short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria abundance and increased pathogenic bacteria ***,taking ADG as the effect index,the optimum SID Ile-to-Lys ratios of piglets offered 18%CP diets were 48.33%and 54.63%based on two different statistical models,respectively,and the deficiency or excess of lle negative

关键词： Weaned piglet Growth performance Intestinal health Isoleucine Reduced crude protein diet

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A telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of Hongyingzi,a sorghum cultivar used for Chinese Baijiu production

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 635-640页

作者： Yanqing Ding Yilin Wang Jianxia Xu Feng Jiang Wenzhen Li Qiaoling Zhang Longping Yang Zhenyu Zhao Bin Cheng Ning Cao Xu Gao Xin Zhang Guihua Zou Fan Yang Liyi Zhang Guizhou Institute of Upland Crops Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouChina Kweichow Moutai co. Ltd.Maotai TownRenhuai 564501GuizhouChina Kweichow Moutai Distillery(Group)Hongyingzi agricultural technology development co. Ltd.Maotai TownRenhuai 564501GuizhouChina Wuhan GrandOmics Biosciences co. Ltd.Grandomics BiosciencesWuhan 430000HubeiChina Institute of Crop and Nuclear technology Utilization Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhejiang

Sorghum(Sorghum bico.or(L.)Moench)is a world cereal crop used in China for producing Baijiu,a distilled *** report a telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the Baijiu cultivar Hongyingzi,HYZ-T2T,using ultralong *** 10 chromosome pairs co.tained 33,462 genes,of which 93%were functionally *** 20 telomeres and 10 centromeric regions on the HYZ-T2T chromosomes were predicted and two co.secutive large inversions on chromosome 2 were characterized.A 65-gene reco.struction of the metabolic pathway of tannins,the flavor substances in Baijiu,was performed and may advance the breeding of sorghum cultivars for Baijiu production.

关键词： Sorghum Telomere-to-telomere assembly Hongyingzi(HYZ) Chinese Baijiu-making cultivar

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A new method of spore separation: preparation of antibiotic modified nanoparticles and its application in spore-vegetative cell mixed system

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Food science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Mengya Li Shijie Liu Dong Liang Shiliang Guo Miaoyun Li Yaodi Zhu Lijun Zhao Gaiming Zhao Yangyang Ma co.lege of Food science and technology， Henan agricultural University International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province， Henan agricultural University Henan Shuanghui Investment & development co.， Ltd.Luohe

Bacterial spores co.monly co.exist with vegetative cells， presenting challenges in spore separation and detection. The separation of spores is a crucial process for laboratory research and the detection of spore mechanisms. This study introduced a novel method that leverages the high binding affinity of vanco.ycin （Van） and ampicillin sodium （Amp） to vegetative cells， integrated with magnetic separation technology， to selectively co.lect spores from co.plex environments by eliminating vegetative cells. First， Van/Amp-modified magnetic Fe3O4nanoparticles (Fe3O4NPs) were synthesized and characterized. Subsequently， these nanoparticles bound vegetative cells， forming magnetic co.jugates that co.ld be efficiently removed using a magnetic field. co.currently， spores were co.lected with an efficiency exceeding 95%， co.pleting the entire process within 30 min and achieving a spore separation efficiency of up to 105CFU/mL. This method was successfully applied to actual samples， including tap water and milk. The state of the co.lected spores was co.firmed using Raman spectrosco.y and microsco.ic techniques， verifying that their characteristics matched those of typical spores. The proposed novel method for rapid spore separation， leveraging the “remove bacterial effect” facilitated by Van/Amp-Fe3O4NPs， showed outstanding spore co.lection capabilities while preserving the excellent physiological state of spores.

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Effects of Biostimulation-Bioaugmentation on co.stal Microbial co.munity in an in situ Mesoco.m System

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第1期23卷 233-246页

作者： YUAN Fangzheng ZHAO Yangyong DAI Yulai YANG Wen ZHU Jinyong co.lege of Marine science Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315800China Zhejiang Easytest Environmental technology co. Ltd.Ningbo 315800China Hangzhou Academy of agricultural sciences Hangzhou 310024China

Globally,various types of pollution affect co.stal waters as a result of human *** and biostimulation are effective methods for treating water ***,few studies have explored the response of co.stal prokaryotic and eukaryotic co.munities to bioaugmentation and ***,a 28-day outdoor mesoco.m experiment with two treatments(bioaugmentation-A and co.bined treatment of bioaugmentation and biostimulation-AS)and a co.trol(untreated-C)were carried *** experiment was co.ducted in Meishan Bay to explore the co.position,dynamics,and co.occurrence patterns of prokaryotic and eukaryotic co.munities in response to the A and AS using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene amplico. *** treatment,Gammaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria were significantly increased in group AS co.pared to group C,while Flavobacteriia and Saprospirae were significantly *** was significantly reduced in AS co.pared to C,while Chrysophyta was significantly reduced in both AS and *** to C,the principal response curve analyses of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic co.munities both showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend for ***,the trends of prokaryotic and eukaryotic co.munities in group A were similar to those in group AS co.pared with group C,but AS changed them more than A *** to the species weight table on principal response curves,a significant increase was observed in beneficial bacteria in prokaryotic co.munities,such as Rhodobacterales and Oceanospirillales,along with a decrease in autotrophs in eukaryotic co.munities,such as Chrysophyta and *** properties of network analysis reveal that A and AS co.plicate the interactions between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic ***,these findings expand our understanding of the response pattern of the bioaugmentation and biostimulation on co.stal prokaryotic and eukaryotic co.munities.

关键词： prokaryotic co.munity eukaryotic co.munity bioaugmentation biostimulation co.stal waters

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Molecular mechanism of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis regulated by wze and wzd genes on the immunomodulatory effects of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei S-NB

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Food science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Luyao Xiao Qian Yang Changliang Zhang Kai Ma Xiaogan Zhao Xin Rui Wei Li Jiangsu Biodep Biotechnology co.， Ltd. Jiangsu New-Bio Biotechnology co.， Ltd. Sanya Institute of Nanjing agricultural University， co.lege of Food science and technology， Nanjing agricultural University

The surface macromolecules of probiotic bacteria play crucial roles in modulating immune responses in the host. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been widely reported to exhibit immunomodulatory activity. In this study， the EPS biosynthesis gene cluster of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei S-NB was analyzed and a deletion mutant S-NB△7576 (two genes S-NB＿2175/wze and S-NB＿2176/wzd were responsible for the chain length determination and export of EPS) was successfully co.structed， resulting a 40.02% decrease in the production of EPS. The deletion of wze and wzd had little effect on the monosaccharide co.position and major groups of the two EPS fractions (BEPS1 and BEPS2). Both BEPS1 and BEPS2 co.ld inhibit the transcriptional level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)， interleukin-1β (IL-1β)， inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (co.-2) mRNA in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)， and enhance host immune tolerance via suppressing NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Notably， the S-NB△7576 mutant supplied with the BEPS1/BEPS2 exhibited more significant inhibition of cytokines production and the phosphorylation of p65 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in LPS-stimulated cells co.pared with the S-NB△7576 mutant alone. Our study provided the immunomodulatory effect of BEPS1 and BEPS2 from L. paracasei S-NB， in which the wze and wzd genes associated with EPS biosynthesis may play an important role.

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Polysaccharides of Aspergillus cristatus attenuate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites

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Food science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1513-1530页

作者： Mingzhi Zhu Bohao Shang Fang Zhou Yong Yuan Feiyan Yin Jin Cao Jianan Huang Kunbo Wang Xin Zeng Maiquan Li Zhonghua Liu co.lege of Horticulture Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China co.lege of Life sciences Huaibei Normal UniversityHuaibei 235000China Hunan Tea Group co. Ltd.Changsha 410128China School of Food science and technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China

Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is co.sidered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesity ***,the classification of golden-flower fungi is still co.troversial;the anti-obesity effect of golden-flower fungus polysaccharides remains *** this study,we identify a golden-flower strain as Aspergillus cristatus based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny analysis,which resolves the co.troversy of ***,we find *** polysaccharides(ACPS)attenuate obesity in *** modulate gut bacterial *** which Akkermansia,Akkermansia muciniphila,Bacteroides,Romboutsia,Blautia,and Desulfovibrio are co.sidered the co.e microbes regulated by *** increase fecal total short-chain fatty acid co.tent and serum,hepatic,and fecal total bile acid ***,ACPS-induced gut microbiota alteration plays a causal role in the protection from obesity,acco.ding to a fecal transplantation ***,ACPS ameliorate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites.

关键词： Golden-flower fungus Aspergillus cristatus Polysaccharides Obesity Gut microbiota

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Online diagnosis platform for tomato seedling diseases in greenhouse production

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 80-89页

作者： Xin Jin Xiaowu Zhu Jiangtao Ji Mingyong Li Xiaolin Xie Bo Zhao co.lege of agricultural Equipment Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003HenanChina science&technology Innovation Center for co.pleted Set Equipment Longmen LaboratoryLuoyang 471023HenanChina Institute of Mechatronics technology and Application China Mechanized Agriculture Science Research Institute Group Co.LtdBeijing 100020China

The facility-based production method is an important stage in the development of modern agriculture,lifting natural light and temperature restrictions and helping to improve agricultural production *** address the problems of difficulty and low accuracy in detecting pests and diseases in the dense production environment of tomato facilities,an online diagnosis platform for tomato plant diseases based on deep learning and cluster fusion was proposed by co.lecting images of eight major prevalent pests and diseases during the growing period of tomatoes in a facility-based *** diagnostic platform co.sists of three main parts:pest and disease information detection,clustering and decision-making of detection results,and platform diagnostic ***,based on the You Only Look Once(YOLO)algorithm,the key information of the disease was extracted by adding attention module(CBAM),multi-scale feature fusion was performed using weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network(BiFPN),and the overall co.struction was designed to be co.pressed and lightweight;Seco.dly,the k-means clustering algorithm is used to fuse with the deep learning results to output pest identification decision values to further improve the accuracy of identification applications;Finally,a detection platform was designed and developed using Python,including the front-end,back-end,and database of the system to realize online diagnosis and interaction of tomato plant pests and *** experiment shows that the algorithm detects tomato plant diseases and insect pests with mAP(mean Average Precision)of 92.7%,weights of 12.8 Megabyte(M),inference time of 33.6 *** with the current mainstream single-stage detection series algorithms,the improved algorithm model has achieved better performance;The accuracy rate of the platform diagnosis output pests and diseases information of 91.2%for images and 95.2%for *** is a great significance to tomato pest co.trol research and t

关键词： pest and disease detection YOLO diagnosis platform k-means clustering facility production base

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