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Fish-on-Chips:unveiling neural processing of chemicals in small animals through precise fluidic control

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2351-2353页

作者： Samuel K.H.Sy Ho Ko Division of Neurology Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong IslandHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation center Hong Kong Science ParkPak Shek KokNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Margaret K.L.Cheung Research center for Management of Parkinsonism Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Lau Tat-chuen Research center of Brain Degenerative Diseases in Chinese Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Precise chemical cue presentation alongside advanced brainwide imaging techniques is important to the study of chemosensory processing in ***,the dynamic nature of chemical-carrying media,such as water or air,poses a significant challenge for delivering highly-controlled chemical flow to an animal ***,contact-based cue manipulation and delivery easily shift the position of the animal subject,which is often undesirable for high-quality brain ***,more advanced interfacing tools that align with the diverse range of body part sizes of an animal,ranging from micrometer-scale neurons to meter-long limbs,are much *** is particularly crucial when dealing with dimensions that are beyond the reach of conventional experimental tools.

关键词： dealing precise sizes

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Metagenomics reveals contrasting energy utilization efficiencies of captive and wild camels(Camelus ferus)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第3期17卷 333-345页

作者： Liping YAN Liping TANG Zhichao ZHOU Wei LU Bo WANG Zhicheng SUN Xue JIANG Defu HU Junqing LI Dong ZHANG School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina Gansu Endangered Animals Protection center WuweiChina administrative Bureau of Dunhuang Xihu National Nature Reserve DunhuangChina

Captive conditions can affect the symbiotic microbiome of *** this study,we compared the structural and functional differences of the gastrointestinal microbiomes of wild Bactrian camels(Camelus ferus)between wild and captive populations,as well as their different host energy utilization performances through *** results showed that wild-living camels harbored more microbial taxa related to the production of volatile fatty acids,fewer methanogens,and fewer genes encoding enzymes involved in methanogenesis,leading to higher energy utilization efficiency compared to that of captive-living *** findings suggest that the wild-living camel fecal microbiome demonstrates a series of adaptive characteristics that enable the host to adjust to a relatively barren field *** study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of wildlife adaptations to habitats from the perspective of the microbiome.

关键词： adaptability energy utilization gastrointestinal microbiome metagenomics wild and captive wild Bactrian camel

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Does astrocytic L-lactate enhance cognition through myelination?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1167-1168页

作者： Mastura Akter Ying Li Department of Neuroscience City University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health Hong Kong Institute of Science&InnovationChinese Academy of SciencesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Centre for Biosystems Neuroscienceand NanotechnologyCity University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Introduction:Astrocytes,the predominant glial cell in the brain,play a vital role in a plethora of central nervous system *** are the major storage site of glycogen in the central nervous *** produce L-lactate by glycogenolysis and glycolysis which is then transported to neurons(Magistretti and Allaman,2018).Multiple evidence using diverse behavioral paradigms,such as fear conditioning,conditioned place avoidance,rat gambling task(RGT),and flavor-place paired associate(PA)learning suggest that L-lactate has a beneficial effect on various aspects of cognition(Wang et al.,2017;Akter et al.,2023b).While the molecular mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefits of L-lactate are still emerging,it is well-established that astrocytic L-lactate can be used as an energy substrate by neurons and can induce N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent plasticity-driven gene expression during cognition(Magistretti and Allaman,2018).Additionally,recent evidence has revealed more roles of L-lactate which include myelination,neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis,and antioxidant defense(Sanchez-Abarca et al.,2001;Ichihara et al.,2017;Akter et al.,2023a,b).Myelin in the central nervous system is a specialized lipid-rich membrane formed by oligodendrocytes.

关键词： myelin specialized predominant

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Delivery of therapeutics to posterior eye segment:cell-encapsulating systems

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第4期12卷 576-577页

作者： francisca s.y.wong ken k.tsang amy c.y.lo department of ophthalmology li ka shing faculty of medicinethe university of hong kongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina research center of heart brainhormone and healthy agingli ka shing faculty of medicinethe university of hong kongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye, especially the retina, faces the unique challenges of various anatomical and physiological barriers. Invasive intravitreal injection is currently the mainstream clinical approach to posterior eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, and cytomegalovirus retinitis. Repeated injections could be complicated by endophthalmitis, intra- ocular pressure elevation, retinal vascular occlusion, and ret- inal detachment, let alone the psychological and economical burdens suffered by patients （Schwartz et al., 2014）. In view of this, several extended release drug delivery systems have been devised and the idea of encapsulated-cell technology （ECT） has gained popularity in recent decades since its first proposal in the 1960s.

关键词： cell-encapsulating systems Delivery of therapeutics to posterior eye segment

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Global progress in climate change adaptation policies and its implication for China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2015年第1期13卷 21-31页

作者： Fu Sun Xiaojia He Paul Rummy Kevin Lauzon Division of Environmental System Analysis School of EnvironmentTsinghua University Division of Global Environment The Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21

This paper reviews the progress in climate change adaptation(CCA) policies both under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) and in major regions and countries,including the EU and its major member countries,the influential developed countries in the Asia-Pacific region,the emerging economies and the least developed countries(LDCs).The progress made in China in CCA policies is also reviewed and compared with that in other ***,good international practices are proposed for China's policy *** is found that adaptation has been given the same priority as mitigation since the twenty-first century with regard to climate change-related *** topics related to adaptation in the international climate change negotiations under the UNFCCC have evolved from mechanisms for finance and technology development and transfer exclusively in the early stages to implementation of practical adaptation programs and *** 2006,major developed and developing countries have frequently set forward specific CCA policies or general climate change policies involving adaptation in the form of laws,frameworks,strategies,and *** LDCs have also been working on National Adaptation Programmes of Action and subsequent National Adaptation Plans with the support from the financial mechanisms under the ***,globally,it has become a common practice to develop national or regional policies to plan and guide CCA *** has established climate change policies involving adaptation at the national,regional,and sectorial levels since ***,these policies have strong limitations in their knowledge base,strategic positioning,contents,and implementation mechanisms,*** of a sound knowledge base,an international perspective,clear responsibilities for policy implementation,and appropriate monitoring and evaluation *** is recommended that China should further strengthen its technical capabilities in climate c

关键词： climate change adaptation policy review China implication

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Beam control in tri-core photonic lattices

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第2期23卷 312-315页

作者：叶卓艺夏世强宋道红唐莉勤楼慈波 The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics TEDA Applied Physics School and School of PhysicsNankai University Innovation center Bureau of Economic Development and Administrative ApprovalNingbo–Hangzhou Bay New Zone Administrator Committee

We report on theoretical investigations of beam control in one-dimensional tri-core photonic lattices （PLs）. Linear splitting is illustrated in tri-core PLs; the effect of defect strength on the splitting is discussed in depth for single-wavelength light. We reveal that splitting disappears when the defect strength trends to zero, while reoccurring under nonlinearity. Multi-color splitting and active control are also proposed in such photonic structures.

关键词： tri-core photonic lattices splitting

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Environmental Implication of Intensive Farming Practices on North China Plain

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2005年第3期3卷 11-20页

作者： Zhen Lin 1, Zhou Hailin 2 & Xie Gaodi 1 1 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 , China 2 The administrative center for China's Agenda 21, Beijing 100089, China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China The administrative center for China’s Agenda 21 Beijing 100089 China

The current pressure on production resources of North China Plain, such as land and water to feed the growing population, necessitates the assessment of the sustainability of farming practices. This study focuses on the sustainability of farming practices related to groundwater and soil fertility management. The assessment is based on selected site-specific key indicators and their established threshold limits. The current farming practices in the study area are clearly unsustainable. Only about 6% of the surveyed farm households practice sustainable farming. The study stresses that farming practice, which is economically sustainable, should not be promoted at the cost of environment. Holistic strategies need to be developed and implemented that aim at balanced use of inputs, which satisfy both productivity and environmental concerns.

关键词： sustainability indicators threshold values farming practices environmental implication

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Carbon Balance in an Alpine Steppe in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第5期51卷 521-526页

作者： Zhi-Yong Pei Hua Ouyang Cai-Ping Zhou Xing-Liang Xu The administrative center for China's Agenda 21 Beijing 100038 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Carbon fluxes were measured using a static chamber technique in an alpine steppe in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from July 2000 to July 2001. It was shown that carbon emissions decreased in autumn and increased in spring of the next year, with higher values in growth seasons than in winters. An exponential correlation （Ecarbon = 0.22（exp（0.09T）＋ In（0.31P ＋ 1））, R^2 = 0.77, P 〈 0.001） was shown between carbon emissions and environmental factors such as temperature （T） and precipitation （P）. Using the daily temperature （T） and total precipitation （R）, annual carbon emission from soil to the atmosphere was estimated to be 79.6 g C/m^2, 46% of which was emitted by microbial respiration. Considering an average net primary production of 92.5 g C/m^2 per year within the 2 year experiment, alpine steppes can take up 55.9 g CO2-C/m^2 per year. This indicates that alpine steppes are a distinct carbon sink, although this carbon reservoir was quite small.

关键词： alpine grassland carbon balance carbon flux net primary productivity Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Academic institutional repositories in China:A survey of CALIS member libraries

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Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science 2012年第2期5卷 18-32页

作者： Yongchao ZHAO Xiaoxia YAO Chengfu WEI CALIS administrative center Peking University Peking University Library

Purpose: China Academic Library & Information System(CALIS) planned to launch an institutional repository(IR) project to promote IR development and open access at colleges and universities in China. In order to get to know the current state of IRs in academic institutions, with the help of Peking University Library, CALIS administrative center conducted this ***/methodology/approach: We conducted an online survey of CALIS member ***: Firstly, the development of IRs at China's colleges and universities is still in its infancy. Secondly, the Chinese colleges and universities have reached a consensus on the objective for having an IR. Thirdly, they are having high expectations of IR functions. Fourthly,they prefer to establish a centralized IR system at a minimum cost. Finally, there are both similarities and differences between the Chinese academic institutions and their counterparts in other countries in the state of IR *** limitations: The questionnaire needs to be improved because there is a lack of enough questions for those who do not plan to build an IR. Comparatively lower rate of valid questionnaire return can affect the accuracy of the results. It is hard to go into an in-depth discussion only based on the data collected from this questionnaire survey, and consequently,the findings from the survey can hardly present an accurate and comprehensive picture of the current state of IR development in the academic sector in *** implications: The survey results provide essential foundation for CALIS IR project,and meanwhile the research can serve as a reference source for the future studies of the development of IRs at China's colleges and ***/value: It is the first national survey focused on the development of IRs in academic institutions in China.

关键词： Institutional repository(IR) Questionnaire survey China Academic Library & Information System(CALIS) Academic libraries

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An Interpretation of the Influential Power of China Development

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2012年第2期10卷 12-23页

作者： Zhou Hailin Guo Chaoxian The administrative center for China's Agenda 21 Beijing 100038 China Institute of Industrial Economics of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing 100836 China

Through the analysis on China＇s economic develop- ment, utilization of resource environment and soft power, a basic judgment was made of the influence of ＂China development＂. The overall influential power of China development on international community was misunderstood. What we see is the role of ＂China Factor＂ in different fields. In the process of economic globalization, what economic system of capitalist market has seen is ＂China＇s cheap labor＂, ＂China＇s loose economic system environment＂, ＂earlier abuse of unlimited resource environment＂, ＂China＇s broad consumption market＂ and ＂demographic dividend＂. In global or Asian financial crisis, what other countries valued was China＇s ＂foreign currency＂ accumulated over the years. In global gov- ernance or crisis management, what international community expected was ＂China＇s obligations and responsibilities＂ without the right of speech, etc.. All these are the ＂passive＂ roles produced by ＂a single factor＂ in definite fields. The active and initiative role China will play in international community still needs time and the continuous efforts of several generations. China once was a big country that had significant inftuential power on the world, and China＇s renaissance is a normal process of development of things. What excessive talks about its influential power reflect may be the lack of China＇s influence.

关键词： China development influential power China Factor interpretation

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