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Glacier area changes in the Nujiang-Salween River Basin over the past 45 years

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第6期32卷 1177-1200页

作者： JI Xuan CHEN Yunfang JIANG Wei LIU Chang YANG Luyi Institute of international rivers and eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China yunnan key laboratory of international rivers and transboundary eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Faculty of Geography Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500China

Automated image classification and visual interpretation of Landsat imagery were used to extract the glacier boundary in the Nujiang-Salween River Basin(NSRB)around the years 1975,2000,and *** spatiotemporal characteristics of glacier area changes in the NSRB were determined and the reasons for the spatial heterogeneity in glacier area changes were discussed,based on comparative analyses of temperature and precipitation data from meteorological stations around the *** results indicate that 1)the total glacier area in the NSRB decreased by 477.78 km^(2)(28.17%)at a rate of-0.62%/a in *** shrinkage occurred at low and mid altitudes,with the most severe occurring at 5290-5540 m,accounting for 40%of the total *** other river basins in China,the relative glacier area change rate in the NSRB was similar to that for typical inland river basins in northwest China but lower than that for other transboundary river basins in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.2)These areal changes in the NSRB presented obvious regional *** glaciers in the Hengduan Mountains retreated significantly,followed by those in the Nyainqentanglha Mountains,with relatively low shrinkage observed in the Tanggula *** number of cold and hot spots indicating areal changes increased after 2000,along with their spatial heterogeneity.3)The glacier shrinkage rate over different time intervals was positively correlated with ***,spatial heterogeneity of climate change effects could elucidate differences in the glacier area change rate in different regions of the *** temperature rise was determined as the primary reason for the significant glacial retreat over the past 45 *** the significant warming trend continues,the glacier area in the NSRB is likely to shrink further.

关键词： glacier change climate change remote sensing Nujiang-Salween River Basin international river

Trade-off analyses between food provision and soil conservation service of Grain for Green Program in Mountainous Area

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international Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 43-53页

作者： Yawen Li Yuxiang Li Xingwu Duan Zhongyin Cai Ya Li Baiyun He Long Yin Institute of international River and eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming650091PR China yunnan key laboratory of international rivers and trans-boundary eco-security Kunming650091PR China State key laboratory of Urban and Regional ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049PR China

The Grain for Green Program and soil and water conservation engineering initiatives are crucial for controlling erosion in steep-slope ***,it is still unclear how these two management methods should be carried out in respect to the situation in mountainous ***,taking a typical mountainous area in southwest China as an example,we simulated six scenarios in order to compare the food provisioning service(FPS)and soil conservation service of the Grain for Green Program(converting to grassland)and Construction Measures(converting to sloping terrace)under different *** showed that when farmland with a>25°slope was converted into grassland,the amount of soil erosion(M)decreased by 21.0%,while FPS decreased by only 0.7%.However,when farmland with a>25°slope was converted into sloping terrace,M decreased by 31.3%while FPS increased by 18.7%.With the increases of farmland slope ranges in the Construction Measures scenario,M gradually decreased and FPS gradually *** when farmland>15°was converted into sloping terrace,M decreased by 63.9%and FPS increased by 52.7%.Furthermore,the trade-offs of Construction Measures are lower than that of Grain for Green on different slope ***,we conclude that Construction Measures are a more suitable method in mountainous areas than the Grain for Green,and we suggest that further research be conducted to consider the ecological risks of construction engineering measures.

关键词： Soil erosion Grain for green Construction measures Mountainous areas

Spatial Distribution of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus within Surface Sediments in the Lower Lancang River: Pollution Assessment Related to Dams

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2018年第13期9卷 1343-1358页

作者： Hongjun Lu Kaidao Fu Ting Dong Wanhui Peng Xiaorui Song Baiyun He Liyuan Wang Institute of international rivers and eco-security Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-Security Yunnan University Kunming China

Surface sediment is one of the main sources of nutrients in overlying water environments, and these can also indirectly reflect the degree of eutrophication. In this paper, the spatial distribution characteristics of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the surface sediments of 11 sections in the lower Lancang River during flood season are analyzed, as well as the distribution of phosphorus in different forms. The main sources of TOC and its correlation with TN and TP are discussed and, finally, the pollution levels of the surface sediments are evaluated. The results show that the average content of TOC in the surface sediments of the lower Lancang River is 9003.75 mg/kg. The average TN content is 893.79 mg/kg, while the average TP content is 521.35 mg/kg. The TOC in the surface sediments of the lower Lancang River is derived mainly from algae and plankton in the river, and the TN and TP have similar sources. The total phosphorus in the surface sediments of the lower Lancang River is composed mainly of calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P). The evaluations of the organic pollution index and comprehensive pollution index show that the surface sediment pollution degree at the upper sections of the Nuozhadu and Jinghong Dams are more serious than those below the dams. Furthermore, the tributary sections are all slightly polluted, with the exception of the Mengyang River, which is considered moderately polluted.

关键词： Lancang River Surface Sediment Nutrients Spatial Distribution Pollution Assessment

The key indicators of transboundary water appor- tionment based on international laws and cases

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2013年第4期23卷 710-720页

作者：冯彦何大明李运刚 Asian international rivers Center Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China yunnan key Lab of international rivers and trans-boundary eco-security Kunming 650091 China

transboundary water, more competitive utilization and uncertain availability under the globalization trend, the issue of its apportionment which directly impacts national benefits of each riparian state is becoming one of the important topics in the world. Water is scarce in China, the most important upstream state in Asia, and this task has to be thought over in the coming future. Based on ＂international Freshwater Treaties Database＂（1820-2007） by Oregon State University, and publications and reports on transboundary water utilization and management since 1999, 28 indicators of water apportionment adopted in 49 international treaties and cases in 1864-2002 are divided into 6 types, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the adopted indicators are analyzed in order to find the key indicator（s） of transboundary water apportionment. The major results include： the major adopted indicators, have significant differences among 5 regions/continents, the indicators at rank first and second place in the developed region （North America and Europe） according to the adopted times are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂, but in the developing region （Asia, Africa and South America）, the ranking order of the above two indicators is reversed; the major adopted indicators in the watersheds with insufficient water are ＂mean annual runoff＂ and ＂keeping minimum water flow＂, the ones in the watersheds with sufficient water are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂; the international treaties signed from the first phase to the fourth phase, the developing process shows a progress of ＂fewer-increasing a lot-decreasing rapidly-equation basically＂, the regional distribution of the treaties shifts mainly from the developed region to the developing one, especially to Asia and Africa; the major adopted indicators shifts from ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1864-1945, to ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂ i

关键词： key indicator transboundary water apportionment international laws

Variations and trends of trans-boundary runoff in the longitudinal range-gorge region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第2期14卷 316-324页

作者： YU Yan-ling PAN Feng LIU Xin-you CHEN Wen-hua HE Da-ming Water Conservancy College Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China key laboratory of international River and transboundary eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Electric power engineering college Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093China State key laboratory of hydrology water resources and hydraulic engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Hydrology and water resources Bureau Yunnan ProvinceKunming 650106China Baoshan College Baoshan 678000China

The mountainous hydrological process usually shows high variation to climate change and human action. In the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region（LRGR）, Southwestern China and Southeast Asian, the transboundary runoff variations are much more sensitive and complex under the interaction of climate change, ＂corridor-barrier＂ functions in LRGR,and dams building. In this paper, based on the long hydrological records（1956-2013） from three mainstream hydrological stations in Nu River,Lancang River, and Red River, the region runoff variations were analyzed. The results show out： i） the regional runoff changes were strongly influenced by the ＂Corridor-Barrier＂ functions in LRGR from west to east, the variability extent of annual runoff increased, but tended to decrease after 2009 and the reduced extents also increased; ii） the annual runoff change in the three rivers had high concentration degrees; iii） there were periodicities of 33 years of runoff change in Nu River and Lancang River, and 30 years in Red River, and the lower flow period would continue for 8-9 years in Nu River and Lancang River but only for 4 years in Red River; iv） since 2010, as the two mega dams of Xiaowan and Nuozhadu built in Lancang River mainstream, their variations of annual runoff were quite different. The research results could offer a scientific base for sustainable utilization,conservation, and management of the regional water resources

关键词： Runoff variations Climate change "Corridor-barrier" functions Longitudinal rangegorge region transboundary rivers

中国乡村人一野猪冲突时空特征及对生态系统“反服务”的启示

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第8期33卷 1614-1630页

作者：王亚辉杨邀杨庆媛孔祥斌樊辉 School of Geographical Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China New Liberal Arts laboratory for Sustainable Development in Rural Western China Chongqing 400715China College of Land Sciences and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China key laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality and Monitoring Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100193China Institute of international rivers and eco-security Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China

In the context of social and economic transformation in rural China,ecosystem disservices have emerged *** study reveals the spatiotemporal patterns,hazards and driving factors of wild boar damage from 2000 to 2021 by using the meta-analysis and collecting 733 typical human and wild boar *** this period,the number,spatial scope and hazard degree of wild boar damage incidents showed an increasing trend,and the number of provincial-level regions,prefecture-level cities and districts(counties)involved increased from 18,41 and 67 to 25,147 and 399,*** boar damage incidents were concentrated in Chongqing municipality and central and western Hubei province before 2005,and then expanded to the Sichuan Basin,Loess Plateau,middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River and mountainous areas such as Changbai Mountains after *** main manifestations were destroying crops,infringing poultry and causing casualties,especially the destruction of crops and farmland abandonment,accompanied by a rapid increase in casualties,accounting for 23.66% of the damage ***,the spreading trend and harmfulness of wild boar damage is a typical phenomenon of ecosystem *** aggravation of this phenomenon is the result of ecological restoration,hunting ban policy,unclear boundary between agricultural land and ecological land,strong viability of wild boar and lack of natural *** has posed an obvious threat to the use of abandoned farmland,the improvement of farmers’livelihood and the maintenance of regional ecological *** is urgent to formulate a policy of controlling the number of wild boars and establish a compensation mechanism for the loss by wild boars.

关键词： human and wild boar conflicts spatiotemporal patterns meta-analysis method ecosystem disservices social-ecological systems China

Equitable utilisation and effective protection of sharing transboundary water resources: international rivers of western China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2001年第4期11卷 110-120页

作者： HE Da-ming LIUXiu-juan Asian international River Centre Y unnan UniversityKumming 650091China Australian Mekong Resource Center Sydney UniversitySydneyAustralia

Western China includes 12 provincial divisions (the 7 provinces of Sichuan, Guizhou, yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and; 5 autonomous regions of Tibet, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Guangxi; and one city of Chongqing), which comprise 71.4% of the national land area, 28.5% of the national population and produce 17.5% of the national GDP in China. There are 17 countries that have riparian relationships with western China, most of which are water-short countries. All are listed by UN ESCAP as countries with potential water crisis. The co-operative development and coordinated management of international rivers in western China is an important step toward the implementation of the national Great Western Development program. Taking into account of the national strategy and object hierarchy, as well as the development demand of the western region, it is necessary to pursue the multi-disciplinary study of the equitable allocation, utilisation, and eco-environment protection of transboundary water resources in the region. Such efforts will undoubtedly provide scientific evidence and support for the decision-making of the environmental protection and ecological construction and management in the western regions, the enforcement of the sub-regional economic co-operation, mitigation of trans-boundary conflicts, and enhancing bio-diversity conservation.

关键词： water resources utilisation water resources protection international rivers western China