The key indicators of transboundary water appor- tionment based on international laws and cases

作     者：冯彦 何大明 李运刚 FENG Yan, HE Daming, LI Yungang 1. Asian International Rivers Center, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;2. Yunnan Key Lab of International Rivers and Trans-boundary Eco-security, Kunming 650091, China

作者机构：Asian International Rivers Center Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Yunnan Key Lab of International Rivers and Trans-boundary Eco-security Kunming 650091 China 

出 版 物：《Journal of Geographical Sciences》 (地理学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2013年第23卷第4期

页      面：710-720页

核心收录：

学科分类：0301[法学-法学] 03[法学] 082802[工学-农业水土工程] 08[工学] 0828[工学-农业工程] 

基　　金：Key Project of National Social Science Foundation of China,No.11AZD04 National Science and Technology Support Program,No.2011BAC09B07 Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U1202232 National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40971091 Project funded by Department for International Development of UK 

主　　题：key indicator transboundary water apportionment international laws 

摘      要：Transboundary water, more competitive utilization and uncertain availability under the globalization trend, the issue of its apportionment which directly impacts national benefits of each riparian state is becoming one of the important topics in the world. Water is scarce in China, the most important upstream state in Asia, and this task has to be thought over in the coming future. Based on ＂International Freshwater Treaties Database＂ （1820-2007） by Oregon State University, and publications and reports on transboundary water utilization and management since 1999, 28 indicators of water apportionment adopted in 49 international treaties and cases in 1864-2002 are divided into 6 types, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the adopted indicators are analyzed in order to find the key indicator（s） of transboundary water apportionment. The major results include： the major adopted indicators, have significant differences among 5 regions/continents, the indicators at rank first and second place in the developed region （North America and Europe） according to the adopted times are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂, but in the developing region （Asia, Africa and South America）, the ranking order of the above two indicators is reversed; the major adopted indicators in the watersheds with insufficient water are ＂mean annual runoff＂ and ＂keeping minimum water flow＂, the ones in the watersheds with sufficient water are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂; the international treaties signed from the first phase to the fourth phase, the developing process shows a progress of ＂fewer-increasing a lot-decreasing rapidly-equation basically＂, the regional distribution of the treaties shifts mainly from the developed region to the developing one, especially to Asia and Africa; the major adopted indicators shifts from ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1864-1945, to ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂ i