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Environmental benefits and farmers' adoption of winter cover crops in the North China Plain

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 159-169页

作者： Shufang GUO Yitao ZHANG Limei ZHAI Jian LIU Hongyuan WANG Hongbin LIU State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution ControlMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunming 650205China Shandong yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research(NIBIO) Akershus 1431Norway

The introduction of cover crops into monoculture systems to improve soil health has been widely adopted worldwide. However, little is known about the environmental risks and application prospects of different cover crops in spring maize(Zea mays L.) monocultures proposed in the North China Plain. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different winter cover crops on subsequent maize yield, soil fertility, and environmental risks of nitrogen(N) loss, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to examine factors influencing farmers' willingness to adopt cover crops in the North China Plain. Based on the same fertilization regime during the maize growing period, four winter cover crop treatments were set up, including bare fallow, hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth.), February orchid(Orychophragmus violaceus), and winter oilseed rape(Brassica campestris L.). The results indicated that winter cover crops significantly increased subsequent maize yield and soil organic carbon, total N, and microbial biomass carbon and N compared with the bare fallow *** incorporation of cover crops led to a negligible increase in nitrous oxide(N_(2)O) emissions and had a very limited effect on ammonia(NH_(3)) *** incorporation of February orchid and winter oilseed rape decreased nitrate leaching compared with the hairy vetch treatment in the maize growing *** N losses via N_(2)O and NH_(3) emissions and N leaching accounted for 71%–84% of the N surplus. However, yield increase and environmental benefits were not the main positive factors for farmers to accept cover crops. Financial incentive was rated by 83.9% of farmers as an “extremely important” factor, followed by other costs, when considering winter cover cropping. These results indicate that the environmental benefits depend on the type of cover crop. Maintaining high levels of soil fertility and maize yield, providing sufficient subsidies, and encouraging large-area cultivation of cover crops

关键词： cover crop N leaching NH_(3)emission N_(2)O emission spring maize willingness to accept

Cultivated land use change in China, 1999–2007: Policy development perspectives

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第6期22卷 1061-1078页

作者：宋小青欧阳竹李运生李发东 yucheng comprehensive experiment station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Cultivated land protection （CLP） entered the new era of macro administration in 1999 in China. This paper presents a holistic analysis of cultivated land use change concerning the three goals of the CLP, i.e., grain security, ecological security and harmonizing regional development. Farmers＇ willingness to grow grain has been the key factor in safeguarding grain security. Grain-for-green policy has contributed to improving ecological state especially in the western provinces. Effects of the land macro-control of the CLP on harmonizing regional development were significant. Moi＇eover, cultivated land use change in 1999-2007 points out the way of the evolving poliey in the future. From the viewpoint of normative concept of multifunctionality, we discuss development of the three land functions, i.e., production function, environmental function and carrier function. Finally, we propose to emphasize multifunctional land management based on regional differences to promote transition of the CLP.

关键词： cultivated land use change protection policy panel data China

Spatial-temporal analysis of wetland landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2013年第2期11卷 109-117页

作者： Xin Fu Gaohuan Liu Siyue Chai Chong Huang Fadong Li State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCAS Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences yucheng comprehensive experiment station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCAS

The influence of anthropogenic activities,especially artificial dykes,on the coastal wetland landscape is now considered as a serious problem to the coastal *** is important and necessary to analyze changes of coastal landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes for the protection and management of coastal *** study aimed to reveal the quantitative characteristics of the coastal wetland landscape and its spatial-temporal dynamics under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta(YRD).It was analyzed by the methods of the statistical analysis of landscape structure,five selected landscape indices and the changes of spatial centroids of three typical wetland types,including reed marshes,tidal fiats and aquaculture-salt *** results showed that:(1)Reduction of wetland area,especially the degradation of natural wetlands,had been the principal problem since the dykes were constructed in the *** dykes created conditions for the development of artificial ***,the new born artificial wetlands were still less than the vanished natural wetlands.(2)Compared with the open area,the building of artificial dykes significantly speeded up the changes of landscape patterns and the aggravation of the landscape fragmentation in the closed area.(3)The changes of area-weighted centroids of three typical wetland landscapes were greatly affected by dykes,and the movement of the centroid of the aquaculture-salt field was very sensitive to the dykes constructed in the corresponding period.

关键词： artificial dykes coastal wetland coastal zone of the Yellow River delta landscape pattern spatial-temporal analysis

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals the developmental trajectory and transcriptional regulatory networks of pigment glands in Gossypium bicki

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Molecular Plant 2023年第4期16卷 694-708页

作者： Yue Sun Yifei Han Kuang Sheng Ping Yang Yuefen Cao Huazu Li Qian-Hao Zhu Jinhong Chen Shujin Zhu Tianlun Zhao College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Agricultural experiment station Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China CSIRO Agriculture and Food GPO Box 1700CanberraACT 2601Australia Institute of Hainan Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

comprehensive utilization of cottonseeds is limited by the presence of pigment glands and its inclusion *** ideal cotton has glandless seeds but a glanded plant,a trait found in only a few Australian wild cotton species,including Gossypium *** of this trait into cultivated species has proved to be *** the biological processes toward pigment gland morphogenesis and the associated underlying molecular mechanisms will facilitate breeding of cultivated cotton varieties with the trait of glandless seeds and glanded *** this study,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seg)was performed on 12222 protoplasts isolated from cotyledons of germinating *** seeds 48 h after *** into 14 distinct clusters unsupervisedly,these cells could be grouped into eight cell populations with the assistance of known cell marker *** pigment gland cells were well separated from others and could be separated into pigment gland parenchyma cells,secretory cells,and apoptotic *** integrating the pigment gland cell developmental trajectory,transcription factor regulatory networks,and core transcription factor functional validation,we established a model for pigment gland *** this model,light and gibberellin were verified to promote the formation of pigment *** addition,three novel genes,GbiERF114(ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 114),GbiZAT11(ZINC FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 11),and GbiNTL9(NAC TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-LIKE 9),Were found to affect pigment gland ***,these findings provide new insights into pigment gland morphogenesis and lay the cornerstone for future cotton scRNA-seq investigations.

关键词： scRNA-seq pigment gland morphogenesis cell development cotton

Nitrogen mobility,ammonia volatilization,and estimated leaching loss from long-term manure incorporation in red soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第9期16卷 2082-2092页

作者： HUANG Jing DUAN Ying-hua XU Ming-gang ZHAI Li-mei ZHANG Xu-bo WANG Bo-ren ZHANG Yang-zhu GAO Su-duan SUN Nan College of Resources and Environment Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128P.R.China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable LandBeijing 100081P.R.China Red Soil experimental station of CAAS in Hengyang/National Observation and Research station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang Qiyang 426182P.R.China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling/yucheng comprehensive experiment station Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101P.R.China USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterCA 93648-9757USA

Nitrogen（N） loss from fertilization in agricultural fields has an unavoidable negative impact on the environment and a better understanding of the major pathways can assist in developing the best management practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fate of N fertilizers applied to acidic red soil（Ferralic Cambisol） after 19 years of mineral（synthetic） and manure fertilizer treatments under a cropping system with wheat-maize rotations. Five field treatments were examined： control（CK）, chemical nitrogen and potash fertilizer（NK）, chemical nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer（NP）, chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer（NPK） and the NPK with manure（NPKM, 70% N from manure）. Based on the soil total N storage change in 0–100 cm depth, ammonia（NH_3） volatilization, nitrous oxide（N_2O） emission, N plant uptake, and the potential N leaching loss were estimated using a mass balance approach. In contrast to the NPKM, all mineral fertilizer treatments（NK, NP and NPK） showed increased nitrate（NO_3~–） concentration with increasing soil depth, indicating higher leaching potential. However, total NH_3 volatilization loss was much higher in the NPKM（19.7%） than other mineral fertilizer treatments（≤4.2%）. The N_2O emissions were generally low（0.2–0.9%, the highest from the NPKM）. Total gaseous loss accounted for 1.7, 3.3, 5.1, and 21.9% for NK, NP, NPK, and NPKM treatments, respectively. Estimated N leaching loss from the NPKM was only about 5% of the losses from mineral fertilizer treatments. All data demonstrated that manure incorporation improved soil productivity, increased yield, and reduced potential leaching, but with significantly higher NH_3 volatilization, which could be reduced by improving the application method. This study confirms that manure incorporationis an essential strategy in N fertilization management in upland red soil cropping system.

关键词： soil NO_3~–-N ammonia volatilization nitrogen leaching long-term field experiment mass balance nitrous oxide emission

Investigation on Species of Spiders in Tea Plantations in Enshi Region of China

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Plant Diseases and Pests 2013年第1期4卷 15-17页

作者： Cui Qingmei Zhang Qiang Hou Weihua Li Weidong Dai Juhui Yuan Chengxiao Enshi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/comprehensive experiment station in Western Hubei Hubei Innovation Center of Agricultural Sciences and Technology

The spider resources in tea plantations in Enshi region have been investigated and 51 species of spiders belonging to 22 families have been identified in the paper. The dominant species are clarified and their directo... 详细信息

关键词： Enshi Tea plantation Spider Investigation

Numerical Simulation of Soil Water Dynamics in a Drip Irrigated Cotton Field Under Plastic Mulch

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Pedosphere 2013年第5期23卷 620-635页

作者： LIU Mei-Xian YANG Jing-Song LI Xiao-Ming YU Mei WANG Jin State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Water Conservancy Bureau of Yuhuatai Wulanwusu Agro-Meteorological experiment station

Drip irrigation under plastic mulch has been widely applied in arid Northwest China as a water-saving irrigation technology. A comprehensive knowledge of the distribution and movement of soil water in root zone is essential for the design and management of irrigation regimes. Simulation models have been proved to be efficient methods for this purpose. In this study, the numerical model Hydrus-2D was used to simulate the temporal variations of soil water content in a drip irrigated cotton field under mulching. A concept of partitioning coefficient, calibrated to be 0.07, was introduced to describe the effect of plastic mulch on prevention of evaporation. The soil hydraulic parameters were optimized by inverse solution using the field data. At the optimized conditions, the model was used to predict soil water content for four field treatments. The agreements between the predictions and observations were evaluated using coefficient of determination （R2） and root mean square error （RMSE）. The results suggested that the model fairly reproduced the variations in soil water content at all locations in four treatments, with R2 ranging from 0.582 to 0.826 and RMSE from 0.029 to 0.050 cm3 cm-3, indicating that the simulations agreed well with the observations.

关键词： arid area drip irrigation evapotranspiration Hydrus-2D model root zone

A global invasion by the thrip,Frankliniella occidentalis:Current virus vector status and its management

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Insect Science 2020年第4期27卷 626-645页

作者： Zhen He Jing-Fei Guo Stuart RReitz Zhong-Ren Lei Sheng-Yong Wu State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina School of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Malheur experiment station Oregon State UniversityOntarioORUSA

Western flower thrip,Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande),is among the most economically important agricultural pests globally,attacking a wide range of vegetable and horticultural *** addition to causing extensive crop damage,the species is notorious for vectoring destructive plant viruses,mainly belonging to the genera Orthotospovirus,*** and *** infected by orthotospoviruses,thrips can remain virulent throughout their lifespan and continue transmitting viruses to host plants when and wherever they *** irruptive viral outbreaks in crops will permanently disrupt functional integrated pest management systems,and typically require a remedial treatment involving insecticides,contributing to further development of insecticide *** mitigate against this continuing cycle,the most effective management is early and comprehensive surveillance of the pest species and recognition of plant viruses in the *** review provides information on the pest status of ***,discusses the current global status of the viruses vectored by this thrip species,examines the mechanisms involved in transmitting virus-induced diseases by thrips,and reviews different management strategies,highlighting the potential management tactics developed for various cropping *** early surveillance and the utilization of potential methods for control of both F occidentalis and viruses are proposed.

关键词： global distribution integrated pest management invasion thrips viruses transmission

Major Scientific Achievements of the First China–Japan Cooperative GAME/HUBEX experiment: A Historical Review

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第4期34卷 659-674页

作者： Yihui DING Wen HU Yong HUANG Fengjiao CHEN National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Satellite Remote Sensing of Anhui Province Anhui Meteorological BureauHefei 230031 Shouxian National Climatology Observatory Huaihe River Basin Typical Agro-Ecosystems Meteorology Field Experiment Station of China Meteorological AdministrationShouxian 232200

In the summers of 1998 and 1999, Chinese and Japanese scientists cooperatively conducted the first large-scale energy and water cycle experiment(WCRP/GEWEX/GAME/HUBEX: World Climate Research Program/Global Energy and Water Cycle experiment/Asian Monsoon experiment/Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle experiment) in the Huaihe River basin, Anhui Province of China. The main objective of this field experiment(HUBEX)was to investigate the multiple-scale structure characteristics, life cycles, and genesis and development mechanisms of the Meiyu system in East Asia as well as the cause of related flooding disasters. It was a joint China-Japan cooperative meteorological and hydrological observation experiment. On the basis of intensive observations, scientists from the two countries conducted follow-up investigations through collating and compiling data and performing scientific analysis during the following five years. It can be concluded that the HUBEX project has yielded comprehensive and remarkable achievements. This paper introduces the major scientific results derived from this field experiment and the ensuing investigations, and reassesses their merits and shortages for the purpose of providing useful experience and proposing new research targets as well as prospects for the initiation of a new joint scientific Meiyu experiment in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin.

关键词： Meiyu Huaihe River basin energy and water cycle meteorological and hydrological observations Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle experiment(HUBEX)/Global Energy and Water Cycle experiment(GEWEX)/Asian Monsoon experiment(GAME)