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Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of blueberry ethanol extracts under microwave extraction

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第4期15卷 205-213页

作者： Chenghai Liu Xinglong Zhao Zhen Wang Xianzhe Zheng Liangliang Xue Chai Liu Zhiying Chen Bingfang Zhang College of Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Heilongjiang plant quarantine and plant protection station Harbin 150090China

Blueberry extract contains diversiform monomers of anthocyanins, whose antioxidant activity determines the functionality of anthocyanidins and the efficacy of extraction technology. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity of anthocyanidins of blueberry ethanol extracts (BEE) was investigated by considering the monomers' identification and thermal degradation in microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Thirteen monomers of anthocyanins were identified from the extracts of blueberry under MAE, where the highest content was for cyanidin glycosides, and the lowest content was for the malvidin glycosides. The onset temperatures of degradation for anthocyanidins monomers in BEE were 41.07°C-48.50°C, and the glycoside contents of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, peonidin, and malvidin, in turn, decreased obviously. The degradation of anthocyanidins with extraction temperature improved, other than weakened, its antioxidant activities in BEE under MAE. The research results may provide valuable guidance for the antioxidant application of extracts from blueberries.

关键词： blueberry anthocyanins microwave-assisted extraction extracts monomer antioxidant activity

Distinctive phosphorylation pattern during mitotic exit network(MEN)regulation is important for the development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae

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Stress Biology 2022年第1期2卷 182-192页

作者： Wanzhen Feng Jiansheng Wang Xinyu Liu Haowen Wu Muxing Liu Haifeng Zhang Xiaobo Zheng Ping Wang Zhengguang Zhang Department of plant Pathology College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural Universityand Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and PestsMinistry of EducationNanjing 210095China The Key Laboratory of plant Immunity Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China plant protection and quarantine station of Nanjing Nanjing 210095China Departments of Microbiology Immunologyand Parasitologyand PediatricsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana 70112USA

The mitotic exit network(MEN)pathway is a vital kinase cascade regulating the timely and correct progress of cell division.In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae,the MEN pathway,consisting of conserved protein kinases MoSep1 and MoMob1-MoDbf2,is important in the development and pathogenicity of the fungus.We found that deletion of MoSEP1 affects the phosphorylation of MoMob1,but not MoDbf2,in contrast to what was found in the buddy yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae,and verified this finding by in vitro phosphorylation assay and mass spectrom-etry(MS)analysis.We also found that S43 residue is the critical phosphor-site of MoMob1 by MoSep1,and proved that MoSep1-dependent MoMob1 phosphorylation is essential for cell division during the development of M.oryzae.We further provided evidence demonstrating that MoSep1 phosphorylates MoMob1 to maintain the cell cycle during vegetative growth and infection.Taken together,our results revealed that the MEN pathway has both distinct and conservative functions in regulating the cell cycle during the development and pathogenesis of M.oryzae.

关键词： Mitotic exit network(MEN) Phosphorylation Pathogenicity Rice blast

Resistance analysis of the rice variety Huaidao 5 against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第10期22卷 3081-3089页

作者： FENG Hui ZHOU Can-rong ZHU Feng LE Xiu-hu JING De-dao Paul DALY ZHOU Dong-mei WEI Li-hui Institute of plant protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014P.R.China plant protection and quarantine station of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210009P.R.China School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056038P.R.China Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Science in Hilly Area of Jiangsu Province Jurong 212400P.R.China

Meloidogyne graminicola has emerged as one of the most destructive plant-parasitic nematodes affecting rice(Oryza sativa)production worldwide.Resistance to M.graminicola in rice could be the most effective option for its management.However,sources of germplasm with resistance to M.graminicola in rice remain limited.Here,we describe the root attraction,gall formation and genetic analysis of the resistance to M.graminicola in the rice variety Huidao 5.A nematode attraction assay showed that second-stage juveniles(J2s)of M.graminicola were attracted at the root tip of Huaidao 5 within 8 h without a significant reduction in attraction compared to the susceptible rice variety Nanjing 9108.Microscopic observation of the infection revealed that the J2s invaded root tissues 12 h after inoculation,but their subsequent movement to the root tip was hindered in Huaidao 5,resulting in decreased nematode number compared to Nanjing 9108.Additionally,we used the soil and hydroponic culture systems to simulate upland and flooding conditions in the paddy fields respectively,and found that gall number was significantly reduced,and nematode development was clearly suppressed in Huaidao 5.To investigate the genetic basis of this resistance,cross breeding was performed between the Huaidao 5 and Nanjing 9108 varieties.There was no reduction in the resistance of the F_(1) offspring to M.graminicola in the greenhouse or field trials,suggesting that a dominant gene could control resistance in Huaidao 5.In summary,this study provides a detailed characterization of a novel source of resistance to M.graminicola in rice,which is of great potential for use in crop breeding.

关键词： root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola rice resistance

Field Control Effects of Four Biopesticides on Grape Gray Mold

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plant Diseases and Pests 2022年第3期13卷 8-10页

作者： Rui MA Jianbin WEN Wenwu SHEN Hongyan ZHAN Jiahua XIE Mao CHENG Honghe Prefecture plant protection and quarantine station Mengzi 661100China Jianshui County plant protection and quarantine station Jianshui 654399China Jinghong City Cash Crops Workstation Jinghong 666100China

[Objectives]The paper was to search for biopesticides with good control effect on grape gray mold.[Methods]A randomized field trial was carried out to compare the control effects of 100 million CFU/g Trichoderma harzianum WDG,200 million spores/g Trichoderma WP,24% validamycin AS,0.3% matrine AS on grape gray mold.[Results]Of the 4 biopesticides,200 million spores/g Trichoderma WP had the highest control effect on grape gray mold,with the control effect of 73.38% at 7 d post the second application,significantly higher than those of 100 million CFU/g T.harzianum WG and 0.3% matrine AS;the control effect was 75.77% at 14 d post the second application,significantly higher than those of other 3 biopesticides.[Conclusions]The 200 million spores/g Trichoderma WP shows a good control effect on grape gray mold with a long-lasting control effect,so it is more is for the control of summer black grape gray mold in Jianshui County.

关键词： Grape gray mold Botrytis cinerea Biopesticide Control effect

Cloning of genes encoding nonhost hypersensitive response-inducing elicitors from Phytophthora boehmeriae

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第2期52卷 231-237页

作者： LI Jun ZHANG HaiFeng ZHANG ZhengGuang WANG YuanChao ZHENG XiaoBo Department of plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Suzhou plant protection and quarantine station Suzhou 215006 China

We have devised a high-throughput functional cloning method to isolate cDNAs from Phytophthora boehmeriae of which the products elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco. The cDNAs were cloned into a binary potato virus X (PVX)-based expression vector and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefeciens (Mog101). 4100 colonies were individually toothpick-inoculated onto leaflets of Nicotiana benthamiana. 12 cDNAs were identified whose expression induced formation of a necrotic lesion around the inoculation site. 7 of these clones have different sequences. One of these clones PBC43 encodes specific elicitin. Clone PBC163 encodes a protein highly homologous to Rab; PBC241 en-codes a prohibitin protein; PBN62 encodes a Heat Shock Protein 60 (HSP60). The other five cDNAs reveal no homology to known protein and are thus considered novel. These observations suggest that this functional screening method is a versatile strategy to identify cDNAs of pathogens that encode elicitors and other HR-inducing proteins.

关键词：基因工程克隆技术敏感机制烟草基因编码

Integrated transcriptome and metabolite profiling highlights the role of benzoxazinoids in wheat resistance against Fusarium crown rot

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The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 407-417页

作者： Shuonan Duan Jingjing Jin Yutian Gao Changlin Jin Junyi Mu Wenchao Zhen Qixin Sun Chaojie Xie Jun Ma College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Genetics and Physiology Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuang 050051HebeiChina College of Agronomy Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001HebeiChina Hebei plant protection and quarantine General station Shijiazhuang 050051HebeiChina

Fusarium crown rot(FCR), caused by Fusarium spp., is a chronic and severe plant disease worldwide. In the last years, the incidence and severity of FCR in China has increased to the point that it is now considered a threat to local wheat crops. In this study, for the first time, the metabolites and transcripts responsive to FCR infection in the partial resistant wheat cultivar 04 Zhong 36(04 z36) and susceptible cultivar Xinmai 26(XM) were investigated and compared at 20 and 25 days post inoculation(dpi). A total of 443 metabolites were detected, of which 102 were significantly changed because of pathogen colonization.Most of these 102 metabolites belonged to the flavonoid, phenolic acid, amino acid and derivative classes.Some metabolites, such as proline betaine, lauric acid, ribitol, and arabitol, were stably induced by Fusarium pseudograminearum(Fp) infection at two time points and may have important roles in FCR resistance. In line with the reduced seedling height of 04 z36 and XM plants, RNA-seq analysis revealed that FCR infection significantly affected the photosynthesis activities in two cultivars. Furthermore, 15 jasmonate ZIM-domain genes(JAZ) in the significantly enriched ‘regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway’ in 04 z36 were down-regulated. The down-regulation of these JAZ genes in 04 z36 may cause a strong activation of the jasmonate signaling pathway. Based on combined data from gene expression and metabolite profiles, two metabolites, benzoxazolin-2-one(BOA) and 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2-one(MBOA), involved in the benzoxazinoid-biosynthesis pathway, were tested for their effects on FCR resistance. Both BOA and MBOA significantly reduced fungal growth in vitro and in vivo, and, thus, a higher content of BOA and MBOA in 04 z36 may contribute to FCR resistance. Above all, the current analysis extends our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of FCR resistance/susceptibility in wheat and will benefit further efforts for the genetic improvement of disease resistance.

关键词： Fusarium crown rot Wheat Metabolites Transcript Benzoxazinoid

Association of host plant growth and weed occurrence with armyworm(Mythimna separata) damage in corn fields

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第7期17卷 1538-1544页

作者： ZHANG Kun-peng YU Zhi-hao JIANG Shi-xiong SUN De-wen HUI Jun-tao ZHENG Yu-liang LI Xiao-zhen WANG Xing-yun WU Jun-xiang State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of plant protection Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang 455000P.R.China plant protection and quarantine station of Sanyuan County Sanyuan 713800P.R.China plant protection and quarantine station of Lantian County Lantian 710500P.R.China plant protection and quarantine station of Chang'an District Chang'an 710100P.R.China Zhengping plant protection Technology Limited Company Xi'an 710000P.R.China

To clarify association between armyworm（Mythimna separata） damage level and the corn growth and weed occurrence, we investigated corn plant height, stem diameter and vigor as well as weed coverage and biomass. The investigations were conducted at three locations of Shaanxi Province, China which were suffered seriously from armyworm. Significant correlations were found between the parameters analyzed. At stunted corn growth and presence of plenty of weeds, the armyworm damage tended to be heavy; oppositely, when corn grew well and weed density were low, armyworm harm was the minimal. Therefore, corn growing status and weed density can significantly affect armyworm damage level. Our results imply that promoting corn growth and timely removal of weeds are conducive to reducing armyworm occurrence.

关键词： Mythimna separata damage degree corn growth corn field weeds

Identification of Heterodera schachtii on sugar beet in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第6期21卷 1694-1702页

作者： PENG Huan LIU Hui GAO Li JIANG Ru LI Guang-kuo GAO Hai-feng WU Wei WANG Jun ZHANG Yu HUANG Wen-kun KONG Ling-an PENG De-liang State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China The National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center Beijing 100026P.R.China Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Plant ProtectionXinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesUrumqi 830091P.R.China Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Xinyuan County Yining 835800P.R.China plant protection station of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi 830006P.R.China

The sugar beet cyst nematode,Heterodera schachtii,is a major parasite of sugar beet which has been recognized and listed as a quarantine nematode in China and more than 20 countries and regions worldwide.A survey for important nematodes was undertaken in the sugar beet planting area of China during 2015-2018,and numerous cysts were collected from sugar beet fields in Xinyuan County,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.The observations of morphological and morphometric characteristics revealed that cysts,vulval cones and second-stage juveniles of the Xinjiang population were in the same range of each other and within those of other reported H.schachtii populations.Molecular analysis of rDNA-ITS,28S-D2/D3 and mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1(COI)gene sequences suggested that the Xinjiang population clustered in a branch with those foreign populations,and the sequence similarity was as high as 99.81-100%.Moreover,this result was confirmed by PCR assay with species-specific primer SHF6 and rDNA2 of H.schachtii,and the pathogenicity test confirmed successful Xinjiang population reproduction in both plant hosts.In conclusion,based on morphological and molecular characterization,this study confirmed that the cyst nematode population collected from sugar beet fields in Xinjiang is H.schachtii.As far as we know,this is the first report of H.schachtii on sugar beets in Xinjiang,China.

关键词： sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii morphological molecular identification

Minerals in edible insects: review of content and potential for sustainable sourcing

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年

作者： Ming-Xing Lu Chen-Xu Zhu Sergiy Smetana Ming Zhao Hai-Bo Zhang Fang Zhang Yu-Zhou Du German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.)， Prof.-von-Klitzing-Str.7 College of Horticulture and plant protection & Institute of Applied Entomology， Yangzhou University Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety， Yangzhou University Jiangsu plant protection and plant quarantine station

In response to the rapid increase in world population and subsequent demands for food， edible insects represent an alternative food source for humans that is rich in proteins， amino acids and minerals. Entomophagy is a tradition in many countries including China and Thailand， and edible insects have attracted a lot of attention in Western World due to their suitable nutrient composition， high mineral content (e.g.， Fe， Zn， Ca， Mg) and potential use as a supplement in human diet. In this study， we surveyed mineral content in seven insect orders and 67 species of mass produced and wild-harvested edible insects. The total content of essential elements in edible insects was very high in Tenebrio molitor， Bombyx mori， and Zonocerus variegatus. The heavy metal content (summarized for eight species) was below the maximum limit allowed for safe consumption. Sustainable supply of minerals derived from insect biomass is complicated due to the high variations of mineral content in insects and the potential of its change due to processing.

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