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Genome-wide identification and characterization of putative effectors in Heterodera schachtii that suppress plant immune response

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第1期24卷 196-208页

作者： Ke Yao Menghan Zhang Jianjun Xu Deliang Peng Wenkun Huang Ling'an Kong Shiming Liu Guangkuo Li Huan Peng State Key Laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crop in Northwestern Oasis Institute of Plant ProtectionXinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of KorlaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsUrumqi 830013China Zhongyuan Research Center Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinxiang 453000China

The sugar beet cyst nematode(Heterodera schachtii) is one of the most destructive pathogens in sugar beet production, which causes serious economic losses every year. Few molecular details of effectors of H. schachtii parasitism are known. We analyzed the genome and transcriptome data of H. schachtii and identified multiple potential predicted proteins. After filtering out predicted proteins with high homology to other plant-parasitic nematodes, we performed functional validation of the remaining effector proteins. 37 putative effectors of H. schachtii were screened based on the Nicotiana benthamiana system for identifying the effectors that inhibit plant immune response, eventually determines 13 candidate effectors could inhibit cell death caused by Bax. Among the 13 effectors, nine have the ability to inhibit GPA2/RBP1-induced cell death. All 13 effectortriggered immunity(ETI) suppressor genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR and confirmed to result in a significant downregulation of one or more defense genes during infection compared to empty vector. For in situ hybridization,13 effectors were specifically expressed and located in esophageal gland cells. These data and functional analysis set the stage for further studies on the interaction of H. schachtii with host and H. schachtii parasitic control.

关键词： sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachti effector-triggered immunity hypersensitive response effector

Cloning of genes encoding nonhost hypersensitive response-inducing elicitors from Phytophthora boehmeriae

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第2期52卷 231-237页

作者： LI Jun ZHANG HaiFeng ZHANG ZhengGuang WANG YuanChao ZHENG XiaoBo Department of plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Suzhou plant protection and quarantine station Suzhou 215006 China

We have devised a high-throughput functional cloning method to isolate cDNAs from Phytophthora boehmeriae of which the products elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco. The cDNAs were cloned into a binary potato virus X (PVX)-based expression vector and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefeciens (Mog101). 4100 colonies were individually toothpick-inoculated onto leaflets of Nicotiana benthamiana. 12 cDNAs were identified whose expression induced formation of a necrotic lesion around the inoculation site. 7 of these clones have different sequences. One of these clones PBC43 encodes specific elicitin. Clone PBC163 encodes a protein highly homologous to Rab; PBC241 en-codes a prohibitin protein; PBN62 encodes a Heat Shock Protein 60 (HSP60). The other five cDNAs reveal no homology to known protein and are thus considered novel. These observations suggest that this functional screening method is a versatile strategy to identify cDNAs of pathogens that encode elicitors and other HR-inducing proteins.

关键词：基因工程克隆技术敏感机制烟草基因编码

Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of blueberry ethanol extracts under microwave extraction

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2022年第4期15卷 205-213页

作者： Chenghai Liu Xinglong Zhao Zhen Wang Xianzhe Zheng Liangliang Xue Chai Liu Zhiying Chen Bingfang Zhang College of Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Heilongjiang plant quarantine and plant protection station Harbin 150090China

Blueberry extract contains diversiform monomers of anthocyanins, whose antioxidant activity determines the functionality of anthocyanidins and the efficacy of extraction technology. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity of anthocyanidins of blueberry ethanol extracts (BEE) was investigated by considering the monomers' identification and thermal degradation in microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Thirteen monomers of anthocyanins were identified from the extracts of blueberry under MAE, where the highest content was for cyanidin glycosides, and the lowest content was for the malvidin glycosides. The onset temperatures of degradation for anthocyanidins monomers in BEE were 41.07°C-48.50°C, and the glycoside contents of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin, peonidin, and malvidin, in turn, decreased obviously. The degradation of anthocyanidins with extraction temperature improved, other than weakened, its antioxidant activities in BEE under MAE. The research results may provide valuable guidance for the antioxidant application of extracts from blueberries.

关键词： blueberry anthocyanins microwave-assisted extraction extracts monomer antioxidant activity

Spatiotemporal variations of tenebrionid beetles(Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae)in the Gobi desert,Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2025年第1期17卷 112-129页

作者： REN Jialong ZHAO Wenzhi HE Zhibin WANG Yongzhen FENG Yilin NIU Yiping XIN Weidong PAN Chengchen LIU Jiliang College of Geographic Sciences Shanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030031China Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Linze Inland River Basin Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610213China plant protection Institute Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBaoding 071002China

Tenebrionid beetles represent a crucial arthropod taxon in the Gobi desert ecosystems owing to their species richness and high biomass,both of which are essential for maintaining ecosystem health and ***,the spatiotemporal variations of tenebrionid beetle assemblages in the Gobi desert remain poorly *** this study,the monthly dynamics of tenebrionid beetles in the central part of the Hexi Corridor,Northwest China,a representative area of the Gobi desert ecosystems,were monitored using pitfall trapping during *** following results were showed:(1)monthly activity of tenebrionid beetles was observed from March to October,with monthly activity peaking in spring and summer,and monthly activity periods and peak of tenebrionid beetle species exhibited interspecific differences that varied from year to year;(2)spatial distribution of tenebrionid beetle community was influenced by structural ***,at a spatial scale of 24.00 m,tenebrionid beetle community was strongly and positively correlated with the dominant species,with distinct spatial distribution patterns observed for Blaps gobiensis and Microdera kraatzi alashanica;(3)abundance of tenebrionid beetles was positively correlated with monthly mean precipitation and monthly mean temperature,whereas monthly abundance of *** and *** alashanica was positively correlated with monthly mean precipitation;and(4)the cover of Reaumuria soongarica(Pall.)*** Nitraria sphaerocarpa *** a positive influence on the number of tenebrionid beetles *** conclusion,monthly variation in precipitation significantly influences the community dynamic of tenebrionid beetles,with precipitation and shrub cover jointly determining the spatial distribution pattern of these beetles in the Gobi desert ecosystems.

关键词： Gobi desert precipitation change tenebrionid beetles temporal dynamics spatial pattern

Association of host plant growth and weed occurrence with armyworm(Mythimna separata) damage in corn fields

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第7期17卷 1538-1544页

作者： ZHANG Kun-peng YU Zhi-hao JIANG Shi-xiong SUN De-wen HUI Jun-tao ZHENG Yu-liang LI Xiao-zhen WANG Xing-yun WU Jun-xiang State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas/College of plant protection Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China Anyang Institute of Technology Anyang 455000P.R.China plant protection and quarantine station of Sanyuan County Sanyuan 713800P.R.China plant protection and quarantine station of Lantian County Lantian 710500P.R.China plant protection and quarantine station of Chang'an District Chang'an 710100P.R.China Zhengping plant protection Technology Limited Company Xi'an 710000P.R.China

To clarify association between armyworm（Mythimna separata） damage level and the corn growth and weed occurrence, we investigated corn plant height, stem diameter and vigor as well as weed coverage and biomass. The investigations were conducted at three locations of Shaanxi Province, China which were suffered seriously from armyworm. Significant correlations were found between the parameters analyzed. At stunted corn growth and presence of plenty of weeds, the armyworm damage tended to be heavy; oppositely, when corn grew well and weed density were low, armyworm harm was the minimal. Therefore, corn growing status and weed density can significantly affect armyworm damage level. Our results imply that promoting corn growth and timely removal of weeds are conducive to reducing armyworm occurrence.

关键词： Mythimna separata damage degree corn growth corn field weeds

Analysis of metabolites of coix seed fermented by Monascus purpureus

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 546-554页

作者： Qi Mei Zhaona Xu Quanye Wu Likang Qin Haiying Zeng Yi Zhu School of Liquor and Food Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China plant protection and plant quarantine station Guizhou ProvinceGuiyang550025China

In this study,an untargeted metabolomics method based on LC-MS was used to investigate the differential metabolites of coix seed after fermentation by Monascus *** compounds with highly correlated variable importance in projection(VIP)values of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)were selected as the important metabolites of coix seed *** seed was fermented by *** for 9 *** color value units(CVU)of pigment in fermented coix seed reached 157.47 CVU/g,and the contents of total phenols and total flavonoids were 0.32 mg/g and 1.2 mg/g,respectively.A total of 270 differential metabolites were detected,including amino acids,peptides,fatty acids,phenols,steroids,and their derivatives,of which the relative contents of 187 metabolites showed a significant upward trend(p<0.05).Amino acids,peptides and analogues accounted for the largest proportion at 26%,among which most metabolites were *** example,N-alpha-acetyllysine,l-tryptophan and l-arginine exhibited a fold change(FC)of 6200.87,330.29,and 35.59,*** particular,the detected steroid metabolites accounted for 3%of the total metabolites,and they all participated in the same pathway,in which androsterone,2-methoxyestrone and etiocholanolone were *** synthesis of these steroids was related to the precursors and enzymes in the pathway,such as dehydroepiandrosterone,androstenedione,and 3beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase(HSD3B).The results of this study reveal *** fermentation can successfully transform coix seed,improving the functional activities of ***,this process has high development value with important applications in the food industry.

关键词： Fermented coix seed Monascus purpureus Untargeted metabolomics Metabolites

A chorismate mutase from Radopholus similis plays an essential role in pathogenicity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 923-937页

作者： Sihua Yang Junyi Li Shuai Yang Shiqiao Tang Huizhong Wang Chunling Xu Hui Xie Laboratory of plant Nematology andResearch Centerof Nematodes of plant quarantine Department of Plant Patholo of Plant ProtectionSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China

In the process of infecting plants, plant parasitic nematodes release a series of proteins that play an essential role in the successful infection and pathogenesis of plant cells and tissues through stylets or body walls. In this study,based on transcriptome data, a chorismate mutase gene of Radopholus similis(RsCM) was identified and cloned,which is a single copy gene specifically expressed in the oesophageal gland and highly expressed in juveniles and females. Transient expression of RsCM in tobacco leaves showed that it was localised in the cytoplasm and nucleus of tobacco leaf cells, which inhibited the pattern-triggered immunity(PTI) induced by flg22, including callose deposition and defence gene expression, and cell death induced by immune elicitors BAX, but could not inhibit cell death induced by immune elicitors Gpa2/RBP-1. The RNA interference(RNAi) transgenic tomato of RsCM obviously inhibited the infection, pathogenicity, and reproduction of R. similis. However, the resistance of the overexpression transgenic tomato of RsCM to R. similis infection was significantly reduced, and the expression levels of two salicylic acid(SA) pathway genes(PR1 and PR5) in roots infected by the nematode were significantly down-regulated,which indicated that RsCM might be involved in the inhibition of SA pathway. The results of this study demonstrate that RsCM suppresses the host immune system and might be a new target for the control of R. similis, which also provides new data for the function and mechanism of CM genes of migratory parasitic plant nematodes.

关键词： Radopholus similis chorismate mutase plant defense transgenic tomato

Influence of Host Shift on Genetic Differentiation of the Oriental Fruit Fly,Bactrocera dorsalis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第12期13卷 2701-2708页

作者： WAN Xuan-wu LIU Ying-hong LUO Lin-ming FENG Chuan-hong WANG Sheng MA Li College of plant protection Southwest University/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering Sichuan plant protection station

Invasion of the oriental fruit lfy, Bactrocera dorsalis, into new niches containing different food sources （a process referred to as host shift）, may cause population genetic differentiation and sympatric speciation. To attempt to infer that experimentally, test populations were established by transferring a subset of the original populations, which had been grown on banana for many generations, onto navel orange, and then subculturing the navel orange population and banana population for at least 20 generations. Four pairs of SSR primers with high polymorphism on laboratory strains were used to detect population genetic differentiation. All six tested populations （the 5th, 10th and 15th generations of B. dorsalis fed on banana and navel orange, respectively） were found to have low genetic diversity. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of the navel orange populations was found to decline after being crossed for several generations. Populations initially were deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, however, equilibrium was achieved with increasing numbers of generations in both of the host populations. Limited gene lfows were found among the six populations. The Nei’s standard genetic distances between the two host populations of the same generation were initially low, but increased with generation number. Genetic distances between banana and navel orange populations of the same generation were lower than genetic distances between different generations grown on the same host plant. Analysis of molecular distance （AMOVA） results based on generation groups and host groups demonstrated that genetic variation among generations was greater than that between the two host populations. The results indicated that population genetic differentiation occurred after the host shift, albeit at low level. Biogeography and taxonomy of the B. dorsalis complex revealed that speciation of B. dorsalis might be tightly associated with host shift or host specialization of B. dorsalis foll

关键词： Bactrocera dorsalis oriental fruit lfy host shift population genetic differentiation sympatric speciation

First report of Heterodera zeae and Heterodera elachista in Henan Province of China

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First report of Heterodera zeae and Heterodera elachista in ...