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High-precision temperature retrieval algorithm and verification for mesospheric airglow spectrum photometer

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1639-1651页

作者： Shuqi NIU Haiyang GAO Zhaoai YAN Ke REN Leilei KOU Baichuan JIANG Lingbin BU Key Open Laboratory of Aerosol and Cloud Precipitation of China meteorological administration Nanjing 210044China School of Atmospheric Physics Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

Photometric technology,characterized by its compact structure and relatively high stability,finds wide application in measuring airglow *** instrumentation is anticipated to assume a pivotal role as the primary equipment for extensive network observations of middle and upper atmospheric temperatures in China,thereby providing crucial support for space environmental monitoring and atmospheric dynamic ***,susceptibility to various factors such as instrument inconsistency,variability in observation conditions,and alterations in the background atmospheric environment across different stations poses a challenge,potentially resulting in data inconsistencies in network *** response to these challenges,we propose a multiple-parameter iterative inversion(MPII)algorithm for temperature retrieval based on a mesospheric airglow spectrum photometer(MASP)developed by our research *** algorithm accurately identifies the center of the image circle,corrects image distortion,and thereby obtains an accurate synthetic spectrum reflective of actual *** encompasses five adjustable parameters:sky background light,atmospheric temperature,filter temperature,optical system focal length,and degree of synthetic spectrum *** to traditional methods,significant enhancements in the accuracy of the inverted temperature are *** validate the effectiveness of the MPII algorithm,we conducted combined active and passive remote sensing synchronous measurements using MASP in conjunction with a sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar developed by the National Space Science *** utilizing the lidar temperature as a reference,atmospheric background radiation is mitigated from the MASP data,and the temperature is inverted using the MPII *** analysis with the traditional method reveals that temperatures calculated by the MPII algorithm exhibit better consistency than those observed by the lidar.

关键词： Temperature inversion Airglow spectrum photometer Rotational spectral lines Sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar Comparative observations

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解析全球气候变化背景下的极端事件——PGW试验框架新发展（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第2期 237-247页

作者：孙溦李建宇如聪李妮娜张祎 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Department of Atmospheric Science Yunnan University National meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration 2035 Future Laboratory PIESAT Information Technology Co. Ltd.

Understanding the responses of precipitation extremes to global climate change remains limited owing to their poor representations in models and complicated interactions with multi-scale systems. Here we take the record-breaking precipitation over China in 2021 as an example, and study its changes under three different climate scenarios through a developed pseudo-global-warming(PGW) experimental framework with 60–3 km variable-resolution global ensemble modeling. Compared to the present climate, the precipitation extreme under a warmer(cooler) climate increased(decreased) in intensity, coverage, and total amount at a range of 24.3%–37.8%(18.7%–56.1%). With the help of the proposed PGW experimental framework, we further reveal the impacts of the multi-scale system interactions in climate change on the precipitation extreme. Under the warmer climate, large-scale water vapor transport converged from double typhoons and the subtropical high marched into central China, enhancing the convective energy and instability on the leading edge of the transport belt. As a result, the mesoscale convective system(MCS) that directly contributed to the precipitation extreme became stronger than that in the present climate. On the contrary, the cooler climate displayed opposite changing characteristics relative to the warmer climate, ranging from the large-scale systems to local environments and to the MCS. In summary, our study provides a promising approach to scientifically assess the response of precipitation extremes to climate change, making it feasible to perform ensemble simulations while investigating the multi-scale system interactions over the globe.

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The Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of meteorological Disasters in the Southwest Region of Zhejiang Province during 1953-2022

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 16-27页

作者： Qi Zhang Yifan Wang Zhidan Zhu Hongxia Shi Wenhao Yang Shujie Yuan Longyou meteorological administration Quzhou China School of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu China

meteorological disasters are some of the most serious and costly natural disasters, which have larger effects on economic and social activity. Liuchun Lake is an ecotourism area in the southwest region of Zhejiang province, where also has experienced meteorological disasters including rainstorm and cold wave. Understanding the temporal-spatial characteristics of meteorological disasters is important for the local tourism and economic development. Based on the daily temperature and precipitation from 18 meteorological stations in the southwest of Zhejiang province during 1953-2022 and some statistical approaches, the temporal and spatial characteristics of meteorological disasters (Freezing, Rainstorm, Cold wave) are analyzed. The results indicate that 1) Rainstorm occurred frequently around the Liuchun lake, the frequency was about 8 times/a, it can also reach about 3 times/a in the other region. Freezing and cold wave (including strong cold wave and extremely cold wave) had the same spatial distribution as rainstorm, however, except for Liuchun lake, they occurred less than one time in the other regions;2) The trend of rainstorm had larger spatial difference, it increased in all the study area, but it increased more significantly around the study area than around Liuchun lake. Freezing was on the downtrend in the whole region, with 93.3% of the stations passed the 95% significant level. Cold wave also showed a declined trend, but it was insignificantly at most of the stations, only 33% of the stations passed the 90% significant level. Compared with cold wave, strong cold wave and extremely strong cold wave had weaker decline in all the regions. In general, from 1953 to 2022 rainstorm showed an increasing trend, it was the main meteorological disaster in the study area, cold wave displayed a decreasing trend, but it still occurred about 2 - 3 times/a in most regions.

关键词： Southwest of Zhejiang Province Rainstorm Cold Wave Spatial Distribution Trend Analysis

Quantifying the Role of the Eddy Transfer Coefficient in Simulating the Response of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation to Enhanced Westerlies in a Coarse-resolution Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第9期41卷 1853-1867页

作者： Yiwen LI Hailong LIU Pengfei LIN Eric PCHASSIGNET Zipeng YU Fanghua WU School of Ocean Sciences China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies Florida State UniversityTallahassee 32306FloridaUSA China meteorological administration Beijing 100081China

This study assesses the capability of a coarse-resolution ocean model to replicate the response of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation(MOC) to intensified westerlies,focusing on the role of the eddy transfer coefficient(κ).κ is a parameter commonly used to represent the velocities induced by unresolved *** findings reveal that a stratification-dependent κ,incorporating spatiotemporal variability,leads to the most robust eddy-induced MOC response,capturing 82% of the reference eddy-resolving *** the eddy-induced velocity into its vertical variation(VV) and spatial structure(SS) components unveils that the enhanced eddy compensation response primarily stems from an augmented SS term,while the introduced VV term weakens the ***,the temporal variability of the stratification-dependent κ emerges as a key factor in enhancing the eddy compensation response to intensified *** experiment with stratification-dependent κ exhibits a more potent eddy compensation response compared to the constant κ,attributed to the structure of κ and the vertical variation of the density *** results underscore the critical role of accurately representing κ in capturing the response of the Southern Ocean MOC and emphasize the significance of the isopycnal slope in modulating the eddy compensation mechanism.

关键词： eddy transfer coefficient mesoscale eddy parameterization enhanced westerlies Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation ocean model

The Probability Density Function Related to Shallow Cumulus Entrainment Rate and Its Influencing Factors in a Large-Eddy Simulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第1期41卷 173-187页

作者： Lei ZHU Chunsong LU Xiaoqi XU Xin HE Junjun LI Shi LUO Yuan WANG Fan WANG Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)and Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China meteorological administration Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing 210019China College of Aviation Meteorology Civil Aviation Flight University of ChinaGuanghan 618307China Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong SAR 999077China

The process of entrainment-mixing between cumulus clouds and the ambient air is important for the development of cumulus *** obtaining the entrainment rate(λ)is particularly important for its parameterization within the overall cumulus parameterization *** this study,an improved bulk-plume method is proposed by solving the equations of two conserved variables simultaneously to calculateλof cumulus clouds in a large-eddy *** results demonstrate that the improved bulk-plume method is more reliable than the traditional bulk-plume method,becauseλ,as calculated from the improved method,falls within the range ofλvalues obtained from the traditional method using different conserved *** probability density functions ofλfor all data,different times,and different heights can be well-fitted by a log-normal distribution,which supports the assumed stochastic entrainment process in previous *** analysis demonstrate that the relationship betweenλand the vertical velocity is better than other thermodynamic/dynamical properties;thus,the vertical velocity is recommended as the primary influencing factor for the parameterization ofλin the *** results of this study enhance the theoretical understanding ofλand its influencing factors and shed new light on the development ofλparameterization.

关键词： large-eddy simulation cumulus clouds entrainment rate probability density functions spatial and temporal distribution

A rapid assessment of MWRI-RM/FY3G brightness temperature

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第3期17卷 42-46页

作者： Wenying He Xinran Xia Shengli Wu Peng Zhang Hongbin Chen Xiang'ao Xia Yuquan Zhou Miao Cai LAGEO Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Hydrology and Water Resources Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina National Satellite meteorological Centure Chinese Meteorological AdministrationBeijingChina College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification CMABeijingChina

2023年4月发射的FY-3G上搭载17个频率的测雨微波成像仪(MWRI-RM),其业务定标的微波亮温(Tb)数据于2023年10月23日公开发布.本文比对了发布10天的MWRI-RM与全球降水测量(GPM)卫星上的微波成像仪(GMI)相匹配的Tb数据,并借助辐射传输模式... 详细信息

2023年4月发射的FY-3G上搭载17个频率的测雨微波成像仪(MWRI-RM),其业务定标的微波亮温(Tb)数据于2023年10月23日公开发布.本文比对了发布10天的MWRI-RM与全球降水测量(GPM)卫星上的微波成像仪(GMI)相匹配的Tb数据,并借助辐射传输模式进行双差分(DD)交叉定标分析,旨在快速评估新一代MWRI-RM观测数据质量.观测比较表明,MWR1-RM与GMI测量的Tb一致性很好,大多通道的平均偏差(MBE)和均方根误差(RMSE)均小于1K.两种传感器由于观测角度略有不同在水面产生约0.5 K差异.DD分析也展示出MWRI-RM的大多数通道性能与GMI相当接近,尤其是首次启用的高频166 GHz和183 GHz.

关键词： FY3G MWRI-RM GMI 亮度温度双差分方法

Coherent Doppler lidar wind retrieval for a typhoon based on the genetic simulated annealing algorithm

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第4期22卷 1-7页

作者：刘珍原禄城汤杰张云鹏刘继桥竹孝鹏杨巨鑫时伟陈卫标 Aerospace Laser Technology and Systems Department Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBejing 100049China Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030China

A method of spectrum estimation based on the genetic simulated annealing(GSA)algorithm is proposed,which is applied to retrieve the three-dimensional wind field of typhoon Nangka observed by our research *** to the genetic algorithm(GA),the GSA algorithm not only extends the detection range and guarantees the accuracy of retrieval results but also demonstrates a faster retrieval *** results indicate that both the GA and GSA algorithms can enhance the detection range by 35%more than the least squares ***,the convergence speed of the GSA algorithm is 17 times faster than that of the GA,which is more beneficial for real-time data processing.

关键词： coherent Doppler lidar three-dimensional wind field retrieval genetic simulated annealing algorithm spectrum estimation typhoon

Roles of Upper-Level Descending Inflow in Moat Development in Simulated Tropical Cyclones with Secondary Eyewall Formation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1100-1114页

作者： Nannan QIN Liguang WU Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing 210041China Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Innovation Center of Ocean and Atmosphere System Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research InstituteZhuhai 518057China

This study investigated the effects of upper-level descending inflow(ULDI)associated with inner-eyewall convection on the formation of the moat in tropical cyclones(TCs)with secondary eyewall formation(SEF).In our numerical experiments,a clear moat with SEF occurred in TCs with a significant ULDI,while no SEF occurred in TCs without a significant *** eyewall convection developed more vigorously in the control run.A ULDI occurred outside the inner-eyewall convection,where it was symmetrically *** ULDI was initially triggered by the diabatic warming released by the inner eyewall and later enhanced by the cooling below the anvil *** ULDI penetrated the outer edge of the inner eyewall with relatively dry air and prevented excessive solid-phase hydrometeors from being advected further *** produced extensive sublimation cooling of falling hydrometeors between the eyewall and the outer *** sublimation cooling resulted in negative buoyancy and further induced strong subsidence between the eyewall and the outer *** a result,a clear moat was *** of the moat in the ongoing SEF prevented the outer rainband from moving farther inward,helping the outer rainband to symmetrize into an outer *** the sensitivity experiment,no significant ULDI formed since the eyewall convection was weaker,and the eyewall anvil developed relatively lower,meaning the formation of a moat and thus an outer eyewall was less *** study suggests that a better-represented simulation of inner-eyewall convective structures and distribution of the solid-phase hydrometeors is important to the prediction of SEF.

关键词： tropical cyclone secondary eyewall formation upper-level descending inflow eyewall convection

The Unprecedented Extreme Anticyclonic Anomaly over Northeast Asia in July 2021 and Its Climatic Impacts

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 608-618页

作者： Xingyan ZHOU Riyu LU Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

This study investigates the evolution of an extreme anomalous anticyclone(AA)event over Northeast Asia,which was one of the dominant circulation systems responsible for the catastrophic extreme precipitation event in July 2021 in Henan,and further explores the significant impact of this AA on surface temperatures beneath *** results indicate that this AA event over Northeast Asia was unprecedented in terms of intensity and *** AA was very persistent and extremely strong for 10 consecutive days from 13 to 22 July *** long-lived and unprecedented AA led to the persistence of warmer surface temperatures beyond the temporal span of the pronounced 500-hPa anticyclonic signature as the surface air temperatures over land in Northeast Asia remained extremely warm through 29 July ***,the sea surface temperatures in the Sea of Japan/East Sea were extremely high for 30 consecutive days from 13 July to 11 August 2021,persisting well after the weakening or departure of this *** results emphasize the extreme nature of this AA over Northeast Asia in July 2021 and its role in multiple extreme climate events,even over remote ***,possible reasons for this long-lasting AA are explored,and it is suggested to be a byproduct of a teleconnection pattern over extratropical Eurasia during the first half of its life cycle,and of the Pacific-Japan teleconnection pattern during the latter half.

关键词： anomalous anticyclone Northeast Asia surface air temperatures sea surface temperatures