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Neuromuscular,biomechanical,and energetic adjustments following repeated bouts of downhill running

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 319-329页

作者： Arash Khassetarash Gianluca Vernillo Renata L.Krüger W.Brent Edwards Guillaume Y.Millet Human Performance laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health University of MilanMilan 20133Italy Inter-university laboratory of Human Movement Biology UJM-Saint-EtienneUniversitéde LyonSaint-Etienne 42023France Institut Universitaire de France(IUF) Paris 75231France

Purpose This study used downhill running as a model to investigate the repeated bout effect(RBE)on neuromuscular performance,running biomechanics,and metabolic cost of *** Ten healthy recreational male runners performed two 30-min bouts of downhill running(DR1 and DR2)at a-20%slope and 2.8 m/s 3 weeks *** fatigue,level running biomechanics during slow and fast running,and running economy parameters were recorded immediately before and after the downhill bouts,and at 24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h,and 168 h thereafter(i.e.,follow-up days).Results An RBE was confirmed by attenuated muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase rise after DR2 compared to *** RBE was also observed in maximum voluntary contraction(MVC)force loss and voluntary activation where DR2 resulted in attenuated MVC force loss and voluntary activation immediately after the run and during follow-up *** downhill running protocol significantly influenced level running biomechanics;an RBE was observed in which center of mass excursion and,therefore,lower-extremity compliance were greater during follow-up days after DR1 compared to *** observed changes in level running biomechanics did not influence the energy cost of *** This study demonstrated evidence of adaptation in neural drive as well as biomechanical changes with the RBE after *** higher neural drive resulted in attenuated MVC force loss after the second *** can be concluded that the RBE after downhill running manifests as changes to global and central fatigue parameters and running biomechanics without substantially altering the energy cost of running.

关键词： Cost of running Eccentric exercise Fatigue Muscle damage

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Residual force enhancement in human skeletal muscles:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 94-103页

作者： Daiani de Campos Lucas B.R.Orssatto Gabriel S.Trajano Walter Herzog Heiliane de Brito Fontana Biomechanics laboratory Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolis 88040-001Brazil Faculty of Health School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane QLD 4030Australia Human Performance laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada School of Biological Sciences Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolis 88040-900Brazil

Objective:We reviewed and appraised the existing evidence of in vivo manifestations of residual force enhancement in human skeletal muscles and assessed,through a meta-analysis,the effect of an immediate history of eccentric contraction on the subsequent torque capacity of voluntary and electrically evoked muscle ***:Our search was conducted from database inception to May *** information was extracted from,and quality was assessed for,45 ***-analyses and metaregressions were used to analyze residual torque enhancement and its dependence on the angular amplitude of the preceding eccentric ***:Procedures varied across studies with regards to muscle group tested,angular stretch amplitude,randomization of contractions,time window analyzed,and verbal *** capacity in isometric(constant muscle tendon unit length and joint angle)contractions preceded by an eccentric contraction was typically greater compared to purely isometric contractions,and this effect was greater for electrically evoked muscle contractions than voluntary *** torque enhancement differed across muscle groups for the voluntary contractions,with a significant enhancement in torque observed for the adductor pollicis,ankle dorsiflexors,ankle plantar flexors,and knee extensors,but not for the elbow and knee ***-regressions revealed that the angular amplitude of the eccentric contraction(normalized to the respective joints full range of motion)was not associated with the residual torque enhancement ***:There is evidence of residual torque enhancement for most,but not all,muscle groups,and residual torque enhancement is greater for electrically evoked than for voluntary *** to our hypothesis,and contrary to generally accepted findings on isolated muscle preparations,residual torque enhancement in voluntary and electrically evoked contractions does not seem to depend on the angular ampli

关键词： Cross-bridge theory Eccentric contraction Force-length relationship Isometric force Muscle properties

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Does eccentric exercise stimulate sarcomerogenesis?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第1期11卷 40-42页

作者： Walter Herzog Heiliane de Brito Fontana Human Performance laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Morphological Sciences School of Biological SciencesFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolis88040-900Brazil

Eccentric exercise has been associated with an increase in serial sarcomere number in some studies,1 but not in others.2 Similarly,increasing excursion of muscles resulted in sarcomerogenesis in some studies using growing animals,3 but not in others using skeletally mature animals.4 However,chronic elongation and chronic shortening appears to be a strong regulator of sarcomere number increase5,6 and decrease,5,7 respectively,in animal *** an abundance of research on the regulation of sarcomerogenesis under a variety of conditions,the mechanisms underlying in series sarcomere number adaptations in skeletal muscles remain a puzzle,especially in non-invasive human studies where measurements of sarcomerogenesis following interventions have not been possible to date.

关键词： spite has exercise

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Do ankle braces provide similar effects on ankle biomechanical variables in subjects with and without chronic ankle instability during landing?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2012年第2期1卷 114-120页

作者： Songning Zhang Michael Wortley Julia Freedman Silvernail Daniel Carson Maxime R.Paquette Biomechanics/Sports Medicine laboratory Department of KinesiologyRecreation and Sport StudiesThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37934.USA Pellissippi State Community College KnoxvilleTN 37933USA Department of kinesiology University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Biomechanics/Sports Medicine laboratory Department of KinesiologyRecreation and Sport StudiesThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37934USA

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine effects of a sport version of a semi-rigid ankle brace(ElementTM) and a soft ankle brace （ASO） on ankle biomechanics and ground reaction forces（GRFs） during a drop landing activity in subjects with chronic ankle instability(CAD compared to healthy subjects with no history of CAI. Methods:Ten healthy subjects and 10 subjects who had multiple ankle sprains participated in the study as the control and unstable subjects, *** CAI subjects were age,body mass index and gender matched with the control *** arch index and ankle functions of the subjects were measured in a subject screening *** the biomechanical test session,participants performed five trials of drop landing from 0.6 m,wearing no brace（NB）.Element? brace and ASO *** recording of three-dimensional kinematic（240 Hz） and GRF（1200 Hz） data were performed. Results:The CAI subjects had lower ankle functional survey *** arch index and deformity results showed greater arch deformity of ElementTM against a static load than in NB and ASO due to greater initial arch position held by the *** participants had greater eversion velocity than healthy *** ASO brace reduced the first peak vertical GRF whereas ElementTM increased 2nd peak vertical GRF. ElementTMbrace reduced eversion range of motion（ROM） and peak eversion velocity compared to NB and *** addition,ElementTM reduced dorsiflexion ROM and increased peak plantarflexion moment compared to NB and ASO. Conclusion:Results of static arch measurements and dynamic ankle motion suggest that the restrictions offered by both braces are in part due to more dorsiflexed ankle positions at contact,and higher initial arch position and stiffer ankle for ElementTM.

关键词： Drop landing Lateral ankle sprain Recurrent ankle

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Identification of lipid droplets in gut bacteria

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Protein & Cell 2023年第2期14卷 143-148页

作者： Kai Zhang Chang Zhou Zemin Li Xuehan Li Ziyun Zhou Linjia Cheng Ahmed Hammad Mirza Yumeng Shi Bingbing Chen Mengwei Zhang Liujuan Cui Congyan Zhang Taotao Wei Xuelin Zhang Shuyan Zhang Pingsheng Liu National laboratory of Biomacromolecules CAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of kinesiology and Health Capital University of Physical Education and SportsBeijing 100191China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Hainan University Haikou 570228China

Dear Editor,The field of gut microbiota is progressing rapidly and thus,appellations like the last human organ,a separate organ,a forgotten organ,and a new organ have been applied to gut microbiota to emphasize its vital functions in our body(Chang and Kao,2019).Gut microbiota has been shown to play a central role in the regulation of human lipid metabolism and be associated with lipid metabolism disorders when aberrant,through composition and microbial metabolites.

关键词： metabolism gut vital

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Variations in EXD3 caused congenital cataracts in three Chinese families

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第3期10卷 660-663页

作者： Lihua Cao Yunji Leng Xinmiao Nie Shuyang Zhao Tianxiao Zhang College of kinesiology Shenyang Sport UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110102China The Research Center for Medical Genomics China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110122China Department of Ophthalmology The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Lens Research Liaoning ProvinceEye Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110033China

Congenital cataract is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by any opacity of the lens presenting at birth or in the first year of life,with an incidence of 1–6/10,000 live births in developed countries and 5–15/10,000 live births in developing *** cataract accounts for 7.4%–15.5%of all childhood blindness,and it occurs as either a syndromic disease or an isolated(nonsyndromic)disease with or without other ocular malformations,such as microcornea.

关键词： birth cataract incidence

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Changes in ankle work,foot work,and tibialis anterior activation throughout a long run

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 330-338页

作者： Eric C.Honert Florian Ostermair Vinzenzvon Tscharner Benno M.Nigg Human Performance laboratory Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlberta T2N 1N4Canada Institute of Sports and Sports Science Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany Department of Sports Science and Sports Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-NurembergErlangen 91058Germany

Background The ankle and foot together contribute to over half of the positive and negative work performed by the lower limbs during ***,little is known about how foot kinetics change throughout a *** amount of negative foot work may decrease as tibialis anterior(TA)electromyography(EMG)changes throughout longer-duration ***,we examined ankle and foot work as well as TA EMG changes throughout a changing-speed *** Fourteen heel-striking subjects ran on a treadmill for 58 *** collected ground reaction forces,motion capture,and *** ran at 110%,100%,and 90%of their 10-km running speed and 2.8 m/s multiple times throughout the *** work was evaluated using the distal rearfoot work,which provides a net estimate of all work contributors within the *** Positive foot work increased and positive ankle work decreased throughout the run at all *** the 110%10-km running speed,negative foot work decreased and TA EMG frequency shifted lower throughout the *** increase in positive foot work may be attributed to increased foot joint work performed by intrinsic foot *** in negative foot work and TA EMG frequency may indicate that the TA plays a role in negative foot work in the early stance of a *** This study is the first to examine how the kinetic contributions of the foot change throughout a *** studies should investigate how increases in foot work affect running performance.

关键词： Electromyography Footwear Running performance

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Avenanthramides attenuate inflammation and atrophy in muscle cells

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第2期8卷 189-195页

作者： Dongwook Yeo Chounghun Kang Tianou Zhang Li Li Ji laboratory of Physiological Hygiene and Exercise Science School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota-Twin Cities The Department of Physical Education Inha University

Background: Chronic inflammation is an important etiologic mechanism for muscle atrophy. Oat-derived phytochemical avenanthramides(AVAs) have been shown to suppress inflammatory responses in human clinical studies and in several cell lines in vitro, but their role in skeletal muscle is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AVA treatment can prevent tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a-induced muscle fiber atrophy in C2 C12 ***: We treated 70% confluent cells for 24 h with AVA. Then, TNF-a was added to cell-cultured medium. Subsequently, cells were harvested at different time points. The cells were examined using various biochemical techniques for measuring protein, messenger RNA levels,nuclear binding activity, and viability. Fluorescence microscope was used for analysis of the myotube ***: Cells treated with TNF-a significantly increased nuclear factor k B activation, indicated by a marked decrease of Ik B(p < 0.05) and a6.6-fold increase in p65-DNA binding(p < 0.01); however, 30 mmol of AVA-A,-B, and-C treatment reduced the binding by 33%, 18%, and19%(p < 0.01), respectively, compared with cells treated with TNF-a without AVA. The interleukin-6 level increased by 2.5 fold(p < 0.01)with TNF-a, but decreased by 24%, 32%, and 28%(p < 0.01), respectively, with AVA-A,-B, and-C. The interleukin-1 b level also showed a47% increase with TNF-a(p < 0.01), whereas this increment was abolished in all AVA-treated cells. Reactive oxygen species production was1.3-fold higher in the TNF-a-treated group(p < 0.01) but not in the TNF-a + AVAs groups. Messenger RNA levels of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 increased 23% in TNF-a vs. control(p < 0.05) but was decreased by 46%, 34%, and 53%(p < 0.01), respectively, with treatment of AVA-A,-B, and-C. Moreover, TNF-a treatment increased the muscle RING finger 1 messenger RNA level by 76%(p < 0.01);this change was abolished by AVAs. Cells treated with TNF-a demonstrated a reduced prolifer

关键词： Atrogenes Interleukin NF-κB Skeletal muscle TNF-α

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Co-regulation of circadian clock genes and microRNAs in bone metabolism

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2022年第7期23卷 529-546页

作者： Tingting LI Shihua ZHANG Yuxuan YANG Lingli ZHANG Yu YUAN Jun ZOU School of Exercise and Health Guangzhou Sport UniversityGuangzhou510500China School of kinesiology Shanghai University of SportShanghai200438China College of Graduate Education Shandong Sport UniversityJinan250102China

Mammalian bone is constantly metabolized from the embryonic stage,and the maintenance of bone health depends on the dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation,mediated by osteoclasts and *** is widely recognized that circadian clock genes can regulate bone *** recent years,the regulation of bone metabolism by non-coding RNAs has become a hotspot of *** can participate in bone catabolism and anabolism by targeting key factors related to bone metabolism,including circadian clock ***,research in this field has been conducted only in recent years and the mechanisms involved are not yet well *** studies have focused on how to target circadian clock genes to treat some diseases,such as autoimmune diseases,but few have focused on the co-regulation of circadian clock genes and microRNAs in bone metabolic ***,in this paper we review the progress of research on the co-regulation of bone metabolism by circadian clock genes and microRNAs,aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.

关键词： Circadian rhythm Circadian clock gene MicroRNAs Bone metabolism

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Tumor necrosis factor-α signaling in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and targeted therapies

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第4期49卷 269-278页

作者： Sijia Lu Yibing Wang Junli Liu Shanghai Diabetes Institute Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s HospitalShanghai 200233China School of kinesiology Shanghai University of SportsShanghai 200438China

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),an inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,is featured by significantly elevated levels of various proinflammatory *** numerous proinflammatory factors that contribute to NASH pathogenesis,the secreted protein,tumor necrosis factoralpha(TNF-α),plays an essential role in multiple facets of NASH progression and is therefore considered as a potential therapeutic *** this review,we will first systematically describe the preclinical studies on the biochemical function of TNF-αand its intracellular downstream signaling mechanisms through its ***,we extensively discuss its functions in regulating inflammation,cell death,and fibrosis of liver cells in the pathogenesis of NASH,and the molecular mechanism that TNF-αexpression is regulated by NF-κB and other upstream master regulators during NASH *** TNF-αis one of the causal factors that remarkably contributes to NASH progression,combination of therapeutic modalities,including TNF-α-based therapies may lead to the resolution of NASH via multiple pathways and thus generate clinical *** translational studies,we summarize recent advances in strategies targeting TNF-αand its signaling pathway,which paves the way for potential therapeutic treatments for NASH in the future.

关键词： TNF-αsignaling NASH Inflammation Cell death Fibrosis

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