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Toward a nomenclature consensus for diverse intelligent systems:Call for collaboration

The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 32-34页

作者： Brett J.Kagan Michael Mahlis Anjali Bhat Josh Bongard Victor MCole Phillip Corlett Christopher Gyngell Thomas Hartung Bianca Jupp Michael Levin Tamra Lysaght Nicholas Opie Adeel Razi Lena Smirnova Ian Tennant Peter Thestrup Wade Ge Wang Cortical Labs BrunswickVIC 3056Australia wellcome centre for human neuroimaging University College LondonLondon WC1N 3ARUK University of Vermont BurlingtonVT 05405USA centre for Professional Communication Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Department of Psychiatry Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA Murdoch Children’s Research Institute ParkvilleVIC 3052Australia centre for Alternatives to Animal Testing(CAAT) Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityDoerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for Evidence-based ToxicologyBaltimoreMD 21205USA CAAT-Europe University of Kostanz78464 KostanzGermany Department of Neuroscience Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityPrahranVIC 3004Australia Allen Discovery centre at Tufts University MedfordMA 02155USA Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney School of Public Health The University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia Department of Medicine University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3168Australia Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing(CAAT) Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21205USA Faculty of Engineering AgriTech and EnvironmentAnglia Ruskin UniversityPeterborough PE15BWUK Interacting Minds centre Aarhus University8000 Aarhus CDenmark Department of Biomedical Engineering School of EngineeringBiomedical Imaging CenterCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

Disagreements about language use are common both between and within *** interests require multidisciplinary collaboration or the field of research has the potential to impact society at large,it becomes critical to minimize these disagreements where *** development of diverse intelligent systems,regardless of the substrate(e.g.,silicon ***),is a case where both conditions are *** advancements have occurred in the development of technology progressing toward these diverse intelligence *** progress is silicon based,such as the use of large language models,or through synthetic biology methods,such as the development of organoids,a clear need for a community-based approach to seeking consensus on nomenclature is now ***,we welcome collaboration from the wider scientific community,proposing a pathway forward to achieving this intention,highlighting key terms and fields of relevance,and suggesting potential consensus-making methods to be applied.

关键词： seeking collaboration diverse

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Why do‘OFF’periods still occur during continuous drug delivery in Parkinson’s disease?

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 280-293页

作者： Silvia Rota Daniele Urso Daniel J.van Wamelen Valentina Leta Iro Boura Per Odin Alberto J.Espay Peter Jenner K.Ray Chaudhuri Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK Parkinson’s Foundation centre of Excellence King’s College HospitalLondonUK Department of neuroimaging Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain Department of Clinical Research in NeurologyUniversity of Bari‘Aldo Moro“Pia Fondazione Cardinale G.Panico”73039 TricaseItaly Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviourDepartment of NeurologyRadboud University Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands School of Medicine University of CreteCreteGreece Department of Neurology University Hospital of HeraklionCreteGreece Division of Neurology Department of Clinical Sciences LundLund UniversityLundSweden University of Cincinnati Gardner Neuroscience Institute Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement DisordersDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Life Science and MedicineKing’s College LondonLondonUK.

Continuous drug delivery(CDD)is used in moderately advanced and late-stage Parkinson’s disease(PD)to control motor and non-motor fluctuations(‘OFF’periods).Transdermal rotigotine is indicated for early fluctuations,while subcutaneous apomorphine infusion and levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel are utilised in advanced *** three strategies are considered examples of continuous dopaminergic stimulation achieved through CDD.A central premise of the CDD is to achieve stable control of the parkinsonian motor and non-motor states and avoid emergence of‘OFF’***,data suggest that despite their efficacy in reducing the number and duration of‘OFF’periods,these strategies still do not prevent‘OFF’periods in the middle to late stages of PD,thus contradicting the widely held concepts of continuous drug delivery and continuous dopaminergic *** these emergent‘OFF’periods still occur is *** this review,we analyse the potential reasons for their *** contribution of drug-and device-related involvement,and the problems related to site-specific drug delivery are *** propose that changes in dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic mechanisms in the basal ganglia might render these persistent‘OFF’periods unresponsive to dopaminergic therapy delivered via CDD.

关键词： ‘OFF’periods Continuous drug delivery Continuous dopaminergic stimulation Rotigotine patch Subcutaneous apomorphine infusion Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel

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Altered brain activation and connectivity during anticipation of uncertain threat in trait anxiety

Altered brain activation and connectivity during anticipatio...

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第二十一届全国心理学学术会议

作者： Haiyang Geng Xuebing Li Key laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science Shenzhen University BCN neuroimaging Center University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen

INTRODUCTION: In the research field of anxiety, previous studies generally focus on emotional responses to threat. A recent model of emotion proposes that altered anticipation of uncertain threat in the future is related with the development of anxiety1. Behavioral findings have built the relationship between anxiety and distinct anticipatory processes including attention, estimation of threat, and emotional feelings2. However, few studies have characterized the neural organization underlying anticipation of uncertain threat and its role in anxiety. In the current study, we examined anticipation of uncertain threat in anxious individuals by combining an emotional anticipation paradigm with functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI). Our aim is to investigate whether individuals with high level of trait anxiety(as an vulnerability factor for anxiety disorders;see Bishop, 20093) would show dysfunction of brain systems involved in anticipation of uncertain threat, including attention, uncertainty estimation, and anticipatory emotional feelings. METHODS:Thirty-nine participants(Mean ± SD: 23.56 ± 0.30 yrs, 19 Male/20 Female) were included in the study, 18 in the high trait anxiety group and 21 in the low trait anxiety group. During the functional MRI scanning, all participants completed the emotional anticipation task that including a cue for 2 second, a fixation with random from 2 to 8 seconds, and an emotional picture for 2 seconds. For the aversive condition, the cue "X" was always followed by an aversive picture. For the neural condition, the cue "O" was always followed by a neural picture. For uncertainty condition, the cue ‘‘?’’ was followed by either an aversive or neutral picture at exactly a 50/50 ratio. Data preprocessing was performed using Statistical Parametric Mapping 8(SPM8;wellcome Trust centre for neuroimaging). In the brain activation analysis, a mixed ANOVA analysis was conducted with anticipation(uncertain threat anticipation vs. certainty anticipat

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Voxel-based magnetic resonance imaging investigation of poor and preserved clinical insight in people with schizophrenia

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2016年第3期6卷 311-321页

作者： Adegboyega Sapara Dominic H Ffytche Michael A Cooke Steven CR Williams Veena Kumari Department of Psychology Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College London Department of Old Age Psychiatry and neuroimaging Sciences Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College London Department of neuroimaging Sciences Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College London NIHR Biomedical Research centre for Mental Health South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust

AIM To define regional grey-matter abnormalities in schizophrenia patients with poor insight(Insight-),relative to patients with preserved clinical insight(Insight+),and healthy *** Forty stable schizophrenia outpatients(20 Insight-and 20 Insight+) and 20 healthy controls underwent whole brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Insight in all patients was assessed using the Birchwood Insight Scale(BIS;a self-report measure).The two patient groups were preselected to match on most clinical and demographic parameters but,by design,they had markedly distinct BIS ***-based morphometry employed in SPM8 was used to examine group differences in grey matter volumes across the whole *** The three participant groups were comparable in age [F(2,57) = 0.34,P = 0.71] and the patient groups did not differ in age at illness onset [t(38) = 0.87,P = 0.39].Insight-and Insight+ patient groups also did not differ in symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndromes scale(PANSS):Positive symptoms [t(38) = 0.58,P = 0.57],negative symptoms [t(38) = 0.61,P = 0.55],general psychopathology [t(38) = 1.30,P = 0.20] and total PANSS scores [t(38) = 0.21,P = 0.84].The two patient groups,as expected,varied significantly in the level of BIS-assessed insight [t(38) = 12.11,P 0.20) from each *** Our findings demonstrate a clear association between poor clinical insight and smaller fronto-temporal,occipital and cerebellar grey matter volumes in stable long-term schizophrenia patients.

关键词： Psychosis Insight Grey matter volumes Fronto-temporal Neural networks Birchwood insight scale

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Defects and asymmetries in the visual pathway of non-human primates with natural strabismus and amblyopia

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Zoological Research 2023年第1期44卷 153-168页

作者： Feng Liu Zhong-Hao Wang Wanjing Huang Ying Xu Xuan Sang Ruifeng Liu Zhou-Yue Li Ya-Lan Bi Lei Tang Jing-Yi Peng Jia-Ru Wei Zhi-Chao Miao Jian-Hua Yan Sheng Liu State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhouGuangdong 510060China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Institute of CNS Regeneration Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510632China European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute(EMBL-EBI)Wellcome Genome CampusCambridge CB101SDUK Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence and Department of Anesthesiology Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200081China Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease GuangzhouGuangdong 510080China

Strabismus and amblyopia are common ophthalmologic developmental diseases caused by abnormal visual experiences. However, the underlying pathogenesis and visual defects are still not fully understood. Most studies have used experimental interference to establish diseaseassociated animal models, while ignoring the natural pathophysiological mechanisms. This study was designed to investigate whether natural strabismus and amblyopia are associated with abnormal neurological defects. We screened one natural strabismic monkey(Macaca fascicularis) and one natural amblyopic monkey from hundreds of monkeys, and retrospectively analyzed one human strabismus case. neuroimaging, behavioral,neurophysiological, neurostructural, and genovariation features were systematically evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), behavioral tasks, flash visual evoked potentials(FVEP),electroretinogram(ERG), optical coherence tomography(OCT), and whole-genome sequencing(WGS), respectively. Results showed that the strabismic patient and natural strabismic and amblyopic monkeys exhibited similar abnormal asymmetries in brain structure, i.e., ipsilateral impaired right hemisphere. Visual behavior, visual function, retinal structure, and fundus of the monkeys were impaired. Aberrant asymmetry in binocular visual function and structure between the strabismic and amblyopic monkeys was closely related, with greater impairment of the left visual *** similar known mutant genes for strabismus and amblyopia were also identified. In conclusion,natural strabismus and amblyopia are accompanied by abnormal asymmetries of the visual system,especially visual neurophysiological and neurostructural defects. Our results suggest that future therapeutic and mechanistic studies should consider defects and asymmetries throughout the entire visual system.

关键词： Non-human primates Natural disease models Strabismic patients Strabismus Amblyopia

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Neurocognitive Dysfunction After Treatment for Pediatric Brain Tumors:Subtype-Specific Findings and Proposal for Brain Network-Informed Evaluations

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第12期39卷 1873-1886页

作者： Charlotte Sleurs Paul Fletcher Conor Mallucci Shivaram Avula Thankamma Ajithkumar Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology Tilburg University5037 ABTilburgThe Netherlands Department of Oncology KU Leuven3000LeuvenBelgium Department of Psychiatry University of CambridgeAddenbrookes HospitalCambridgeCB20QQUK wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science University of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB20QQUK Department of Neurosurgery Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolL145ABUK Department of Radiology Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolL145ABUK Department of Oncology Cambridge University Hospital NHS TrustCambridgeCB20QQUK

The increasing number of long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumors requires us to incorporate the most recent knowledge derived from cognitive neuroscience into their oncological *** the lesion itself,as well as each treatment,can cause specific neural damage,the long-term neurocognitive outcomes are highly complex and challenging to *** number of neurocognitive studies in this population grows exponentially worldwide,motivating modern neuroscience to provide guidance in follow-up before,during and after *** this review,we provide an overview of structural and functional brain connectomes and their role in the neuropsychological outcomes of specific brain tumor *** on this information,we propose a theoretical neuroscientific framework to apply appropriate neuropsychological and imaging follow-up for future clinical care and rehabilitation trials.

关键词： Connectome Pediatric brain tumor neuroimaging Neurocognition-Neuropsychological assessment

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