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Comparing the impacts of mature spruce forests and grasslands on snow melt,water resource recharge,and run-off in the northern boreal environment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2015年第1期3卷 50-56页

作者： JiříKremsa Josef Křeček Eero Kubin watershed authority of the elbe river Víta Nejedlého 951/8CZ-50003 Hradec KrálovéCzech Republic Department of Hydrology Czech Technical University in PragueThákurova 7CZ-16629 Prague 6Czech Republic Natural Resources Institute Finland Natural Resources and BioproductionPO Box 413FI-90014 University of OuluFinland

Snow-melt runoff is an important factor in control of flooding and soil erosion in higher and cold regions of the *** 1992-2008-2008,processes of snow accumulation and melting were monitored at two adjacent sites of the Paljakka environmental research centre(Finland).The forest stand of mature spruce(Picea abies)has been compared with adjacent,local,and open *** the forest,snowpack duration fluctuated for 180-245 days,with a maximum depth of 78-152 cm and snow-water content of 167-406 mm,while in the open grassland this occurred for some 20 days less,with maximum depth 65-122 cm,and snow-water content 143-288 *** snow-water captured in the canopy reached a maximum 27%of that registered on the ground;the loss of intercepted snow by sublimation was approximately 26% of the annual *** the high melt period(April-May),the degree-day factor in the forest stand achieved 60%of values observed in the grassland(2.3-3.5 against 3.8-6.0 mm℃^(-1)day^(-1)).The hydrological model BROOK 90 was employed to analyse potential water resources recharge,and flood risk at *** the normal climate season,snow-melt runoff from the forest exceeded the grassland by 22%(225 against 185 mm).In extreme situations,the maximum daily runoff from snow-melt in the grasslands(57 mm day^(-1))exceeded 2.6 times the values in spruce forest(22 mm day^(-1)).

关键词： Spruce boreal forest Snow-depth Snow-water content Canopy interception Snowmelt Degree-day factor BROOK 90 Runoff distribution

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Morphodynamic processes of the elbe river estuary, Germany： the Coriolis effect, tidal asymmetry and human dredging

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第2期8卷 181-189页

作者： Maotian LI Jianzhong GE Jens KAPPENBERG Dagmar MUCH Ohle NINO Zhongyuan CHEN State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China Institute for Coastal Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Max-Planck-StralSe 1 Geesthacht 21502 Germany Hamburg Port authority Neuer Wandrahm 4 Hamburg 20457 Germany

The Digital Elevation Model （DEM） based on the historical sea-charts and on-site hydrological records were used to examine the morphological change of the elbe river estuary. The results show that siltation predominated in the tidal flat in the northern estuary, with a net siltation rate of 1.8 cm· a^-1 during 1927-2006. In contrast, a continuous erosion prevailed in the main river channel, south of the estuary, with a net erosion rate of 2.5 cm· a^-1 in the same time. In addition, a seaward shift of the estuarine island has happened with the old island coalescing to the northern tidal flat and new one emerging through siltation process. The tidal asymmetry via ebbing flow （maximum at 140 cm· s^-1, and average at 76 cm· s^-1） prevailed in the tidal flat, meaning continuous aggradation northwestward, while flooding flow （maximum at 100 cm · s^-1, and average at 67 cm· s^-1） dominated in the main fiver channel with deepening thaweg at south, showing a landward sedimentation via the tidal pumping processes. This dextral extension of the estuarine morphology is due to the Coriolis force, leading to the inconsistent directions of in-out flows, which enables to facilitate the estuarine siltation. Human dredging prevailing in the estuary has dramatically altered the nature of the silted river channel to erosional since the last century net erosion rate of 3.2 cm· a^-1 This is characterized by a derived from the DEMs mapping, but only partially accounting for the dredging amount of 1994-2006, when the total dredging volume was 67 × 10^6m^3, equal to 5.9 cm·a^-1.

关键词： morphological evolution dextral forcing,DEMs the elbe river estuary

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Globalised world, globalised diseases: A case report on an amoebiasis-associated colon perforation

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2013年第2期1卷 79-81页

作者： Marcus Redaèlli Jawad Mahmoohdzad Rahim Lang Martin Schencking Institute of General Practice University of Düsseldorf’s Medical School Institute for General Practice and Family Medicine University of Witten/Herdecke’s Medical School Department for Visceral Surgery Elbe Klinik Buxtehude 21614 Buxtehude Germany

In 2010 the World Health Organisation estimated the number of infections with Entamoeba histolytica at about 50 million cases including 100000 fatal courses. In most cases this infection is a subclinical event with few or none symptoms noticeable for the patient. Courses of this disease and incidence of this parasite in industrialised nations are not yet fully investigated. Our case reports about a 68-year-old male patient from Turkey who lives for more than 30 years in Germany and had not been abroad during the past 2 years. Resistant asymptomatic amoebic dormant bodies caused an emergency-laparoscopy and revealed the seldom complication of a colon perforation. In the age of globalisation all providers in the health care systems are urged to acquaint themselves also with non-typical syndromes for the countries they work in order to reduce preventable morbidity respectively mortality rates.

关键词： Amoebiasis Entamoeba histolytica Colon perforation Surgical treatment

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Reduced expression of Ca^(2+)-regulating proteins in the upper gastrointestinal tract of patients with achalasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第37期12卷 6002-6007页

作者： Harald Fischer Judith Fischer Peter Boknik Ulrich Gergs Wilhelm Schmitz Wolfram Domschke Jan W Konturek Joachim Neumann Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik B Universittsklinikum Mnster 48129 Mnster Germany Institut fr Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Universittsklinikum Mnster 48149 Mnster Germany Institut fr Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Martin-Luther-Universitt Halle-Wittenberg 06112 Halle (Saale) Germany Klinik fr Innere Medizin/Gastroenterologie Elbe Klinikum Stade 21682 Stade Germany

AIM: To compare expression of Ca2+-regulating proteins in upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract of achalasia patients and healthy volunteers and to elucidate their role in achalasia. METHODS: Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) isoforms 2a and 2b, phospholamban (PLB), calsequestrin (CSQ), and calreticulin (CRT) were assessed by quantitative Western blotting in esophagus and heart of rats, rabbits, and humans. Furthermore, expression profi les of these proteins in biopsies of lower esophageal sphincter and esophagus from patients with achalasia and healthy volunteers were analyzed. RESULTS: SERCA 2a protein expression was much higher in human heart (cardiac ventricle) compared to esophagus. However, SERCA 2b was expressed predominantly in the esophagus. The highest CRT expression was noted in the human esophagus, while PLB, although highly expressed in the heart, was below our detection limit in upper GI tissue. Compared to healthy controls, CSQ and CRT expression in lower esophageal sphincter and distal esophageal body were signif icantly reduced in patients with achalasia (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PLB in the human esophagus mightbe of lesser importance for regulation of SERCA than in heart. Lower expression of Ca2+ storage proteins (CSQ and CRT) might contribute to increased lower esophageal sphincter pressure in achalasia, possibly by increasing free intracellular Ca2+.

关键词： Esophageal and gastric motility Esophagus Calsequestrin Calreticulin

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