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The Diagnosis of Maritime Structures, a Management Support Tool: Case of the Sèmè-Podji Wharf in the Republic of Benin

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2025年第1期15卷 1-12页

作者： Babilas Hountondji Lambert K. Ayitchéhou François de Paule Codo Martin P. Aina Laboratory for water Sciences and Technology Department of Water and Sanitation National Water Institute University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Port structures constitute the main link in the maritime transport chain of coastal countries and therefore contribute to their economic development. But it should be noted that the installation of said works is not without consequences for the countries concerned. Benin, a country in the Gulf of Guinea, is no exception to this phenomenon because, due to its maritime history, it has a heritage of port structures. These structures, built on its coastline, cause a wide variety of environmental problems such as silting and erosion on either side of them. The general objective of this article is to contribute to the proper functionality of port facilities while minimizing environmental problems that may arise. It aims to provide managers with a tool allowing them to fully understand the state of their assets in order to rationalize maintenance actions. In order to achieve this objective, an assessment of the state of the structure, and then a structural diagnosis are necessary and recommendations can be established to restore the level of service of the latter. As a result, two examples were presented: the wharf of the Sèmè-Podji pipeline project and the maritime piles project of the Wasco de Gama bridge (control project), and recommendations adapted to this objective were established. The comparative analysis of the two examples, both maritime works, revealed an under-sizing at the level of the spans of the wharf bridge of the Sèmè-Podji pipeline project (spans of 7 m in length), while these spans vary on average by 45 m to 62 m for the Wasco da Gama bridge. Bringing the piles closer together at the Sèmè-Podji wharf reduces the energy of the current which promotes the accumulation of sediment. The structure no longer experiences a flow capable of setting in motion the sands accumulated since at least 2022. This element appears to be a fundamental characteristic explaining the erosion observed to the east of the structure.

关键词： Structural Diagnosis Wharf Pipeline Erosion Sèmè-Podji Benin

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Processes for the valorization of food and agricultural wastes to value‑added products:recent practices and perspectives

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2022年第1期2卷 50-66页

作者： Anna Kover Doris Kraljić Rose Marinaro Eldon R.Rene Department of water Supply Sanitation and Environmental EngineeringIHE Delft Institute for Water EducationWestvest 72601 DA DelftThe Netherlands

Biorefneries contribute to a circular bioeconomy using renewable feedstock to produce commodity and specialty chemicals as an alternative to petroleum *** waste streams such as food waste and agricultural waste as a feedstock for biorefneries is a promising approach for obtaining value-added products in an economically feasible and sustainable *** conversion of biomass to chemicals ofers diverse opportunities but poses new technological *** paper aims to review the current state of food and agricultural waste valorisation by giving a brief technical overview,summarizing the current state of the bio-based market,and identifying the current barriers to scaling-up *** lignocellulosic biomass in biorefneries calls for pre-treatment due to its complex structure,in which biomass is broken into monosaccharides,building blocks of value-added *** state of the art technologies for lignocellulose pre-treatment is introduced in the review followed by a brief explanation of the role of the hydrolysis and *** economic aspect of chemical production from biomass waste at an industrial scale is also introduced by giving an overview of some recent techno-economic studies.

关键词： Biorefnery Food waste Biomass valorisation Platform chemicals Circular bioeconomy

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Hydraulic characteristics of an anaerobic baffled reactor as onsite wastewater treatment system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1319-1326页

作者： Yuttachai Sarathai Thammarat Koottatep Antoine Morel School of Environment Resources and Development Asian Institute of Technology Eawag:Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science & Technology Department for Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries(Sandec)

The feasibility of using anaerobic baffled reactor （ABR） as onsite wastewater treatment system was discussed. The ABR consisted of one sedimentation chamber and three up-flow chambers in series was experimented under different peak flow factors （PFF of 1 to 6）, superficial gas velocities （between 0.6 and 3.1 cm/hr） and hydraulic retention times （HRT）（24, 36 and 48 hr）. Residence time distribution （RTD） analyses were carded out to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of the ABR. It was found that the PFF resulted in hydraulic dead space. The dead space did not exceed 13% at PFF of 1, 2 and 4 while there was 2-fold increase （26%） at PFF of 6. Superficial gas velocities did not result in more （biological） dead space. The mixing pattern of ABR tended to be a completely- mixed reactor when PFF increased. Superficial gas velocities did not affect mixing pattern. The effects of PFF on mixing pattern could be minimized by higher HRT （48 hr）. The tank-in-series （TIS） model （N = 4） was suitable to describe the hydraulic behaviour of the studied system. The HRT of 48 hr was able to maintain the mixing pattern under different flow patterns, introducing satisfactory hydraulic efficiency. Chemical oxygen demand （COD） and total suspended solids （TSS） removals under all flow patterns were achieved more than 85% and 90%, respectively. The standard deviation of effluent COD and TSS concentration did not exceed 15 mg/L.

关键词： anaerobic baffled reactor dead space hydraulic characteristics onsite system peak flow factor

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Food contamination as a pathway for lead exposure in children during the 2010–2013 lead poisoning epidemic in Zamfara,Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第5期30卷 260-272页

作者： Simba Tirima Casey Bartrem Ian von Lindern Margrit von Braun Douglas Lind Shehu Mohamed Anka Aishat Abdullahi TerraGraphics International Foundation MoscowID 83843USA University of Idaho Environmental Science ProgramMoscowID 83843USA Zamfara Environmental sanitation agency Zamfara StateNigeria

In 2010, an estimated 400 to 500 children died of acute lead poisoning associated with artisanal gold mining in Zamfara, Nigeria. Processing of gold ores containing up to 10% lead within residential compounds put residents, especially children, at the highest risk. Principal routes of exposure were incidental ingestion and inhalation of contaminated soil and dusts. Several Nigerian and international health organizations collaborated to reduce lead exposures through environmental remediation and medical treatment. The contribution of contaminated food to total lead exposure was assessed during the environmental health response. Objectives of this investigation were to assess the influence of cultural/dietary habits on lead exposure pathways and estimate the contribution of contaminated food to children＇s blood lead levels（BLLs）. A survey of village dietary practices and staple food lead content was conducted to determine dietary composition, caloric intakes, and lead intake. Potential blood lead increments were estimated using bio-kinetic modeling techniques. Most dietary lead exposure was associated with contamination of staple cereal grains and legumes during post-harvest processing and preparation in contaminated homes. Average post-harvest and processed cereal grain lead levels were 0.32 mg/kg and 0.85 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Age-specific food lead intake ranged from 7 to 78 μg/day. Lead ingestion and absorption were likely aggravated by the dusty environment, fasting between meals, and nutritional deficiencies. Contamination of staple cereal grains by highly bioavailable pulverized ores could account for as much as 11%–34% of children＇s BLLs during the epidemic, and were a continuing source after residential soil remediation until stored grain inventories were exhausted.

关键词： Artisanal mining Environmental health Lead poisoning Nigerian environmentalcontamination Dietary exposures Para-occupational exposuresChildren's health

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The Spatial and Temporal Variations of Ichythyofauna and water Quality in the Crocodile River (East), Mpumalanga, South Africa

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Journal of water Resource and Protection 2015年第3期7卷 152-170页

作者： M. I. Soko T. Gyedu-Ababio Department of water and sanitation Nelspruit South Africa Inkomati-Usuthu Catchment Management agency Nelspruit South Africa

The Crocodile River is situated in the north east of the Republic of South Africa. It is a large river basin with a total length of 320 km and draining a catchment of 10,450 km2. The water quality of this river is of high importance in sustaining the people and businesses relying on the sustainability of the river. The aim of the study was to use fish and water quality data to determine the present ecological state of the river and identifying the possible sources of pollution in the river. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify the main contaminants in the river at the various sections of the river. The results obtained indicated that species richness and diversity are high during low flow condition and the lower reaches had high species richness and diversity compared to the middle and upper reaches. The Fish Response Assessment Index indicated that the Ecological Class for the Crocodile River is mostly at C class beginning from the Kwena Dam downstream. water quality constituents such as total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity increase with the increase in river distance in the downstream reaches. It was evident from this study that anthropogenic activities along the Crocodile River play a role in water quality deterioration and the subsequent distribution of fish during high and low flow conditions. The main sources of the pollution are believed to be agricultural activities in the upper reaches and a combination of industrial, domestic and agricultural activities in the middle and lower reaches of the Crocodile River.

关键词： Fish water Quality Nutrients Anthropogenic Activities Pollution

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The adsorptive properties of UiO-66 towards organic dyes: A record adsorption capacity for the anionic dye Alizarin Red S.

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第4期26卷 731-739页

作者： Marwa S.Embaby Saber D.Elwany Widiastuti Setyaningsih Mohamed R.Saber Central laboratories Fayoum Drinking Water and Sanitation Company (FDWaSC) Food and Agricultural Product Technology Department Faculty of Agricultural Technology Gadjah Mada University Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Fayoum University

In order to decisively determine the adsorption selectivity of zirconium MOF(UiO-66) towards anionic versus cationic species, the adsorptive removal of the anionic dyes(Alizarin Red S.(ARS), Eosin(E), Fuchsin Acid(FA)and Methyl Orange(MO)) and the cationic dyes(Neutral Red(NR), Fuchsin Basic(FB), Methylene Blue(MB),and Safranine T(ST)) has been evaluated. The results clearly reveal a significant selectivity towards anionic dyes. Such an observation agrees with a plethora of reports of UiO-66 superior affinity towards other anionic species(Floride, PO_4^(3-), Diclofenac sodium, Methylchlorophenoxy-propionic acid, Phenols, CrO_4^(2-), SeO_3^(2-), and AsO_4^-). The adsorption process of ARS as an example has been optimized using the central composite design(CCD). The resultant statistical model indicates a crucial effect of both pH and sorbent mass. The optimum conditions were determined to be initial dye concentration 11.82 mg.L^(-1), adsorbent amount 0.0248 g, shaking time of 36 min and pH 2. The adsorption process proceeds via pseudo-second order kinetics(R^2= 0.999). The equilibrium data were fit to Langmuir and Tempkin models(R^2= 0.999 and 0.997 respectively). The results reveal an exceptional removal for the anionic dye(Alizarin Red S.) with a record adsorption capacity of400 mg·g^(-1). The significantly high adsorption capacity of UiO-66 towards ARS adds further evidence to the recently reported exceptional performance of MOFs in pollutants removal from water.

关键词： Adsorption Metal-organic frameworks Alizarin Red S. Dye removal UiO-66 Central composite design

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Membrane behavior of bentonite-amended Fukakusa clay in K, Na and Ca solutions

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Journal of Central South University 2016年第12期23卷 3122-3131页

作者：唐强刘维王恒宇程蓉钱寅飞 School of Urban Rail Transportation Soochow University Suzhou 215131 China Research Center of Coastal and Urban Geotechnical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Environmental sanitation Administration agency Suzhou 215131 China

Bentonite has been proven to be effective in enhancing the membrane property of clay, by which landfill liners can have better barrier performance with regard to the migration of contaminants. In this work, 5% sodium bentonite amended with locally available Fukakusa clay was utilized to evaluate the membrane behavior toward different kinds of ions： K, Na and Ca. The chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficient, co, was obtained in electrolyte solution with different concentrations of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 50 mmol/L. According to the results, solute type and ion valence have a significant effect on membrane behaviors. Additionally, co continually decreased as the Na and Ca concentrations increased, which is consistent with the Gouy-Chapman theory. The membrane behavior toward Na was similar to that toward K, according to the chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficient co. In the case of the divalent ion Ca, the membrane behavior was lower compared to monovalent ions Na and K at the same concentration. The mechanisms of the membrane performance change were discussed with the assistance of XRD patterns, free-swelling results and SEM images.

关键词： bentonite-amended Fukakusa clay chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficient mechanism membrane behavior

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A Longitudinal Survey for Genome-based Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage water in Selected Lockdown Areas of Lahore City, Pakistan: A Potential Approach for Future Smart Lockdown Strategy

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2021年第9期34卷 729-733页

作者： Tahir Yaqub Muhammad Nawaz Muhammad Z.Shabbir Muhammad A.Ali Imran Altaf Sohail Raza Muhammad A.B.Shabbir Muhammad A.Ashraf Syed Z.Aziz Sohai l Q.Cheema Muhammad B.Shah Saira Rafique Sohail Hassan Nageen Sardar Adnan Mehmood Muhammad W.Aziz Sehar Fazal Nadir Hussain Muhammad T.Khan Muhammad M.Atique Ali Asif Muhammad Anwar Nabeel A.Awan Muhammad U.Younis Muhammad A.Bhattee Zarfishan Tahir Nadia Mukhtar Huda Sarwar Maaz S.Rana Omair Farooq Institute of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan water and sanitation agency LahorePunjabPakistan Specialized Healthcare&Medical Education Department PunjabPakistan Primary and Secondary Healthcare Department PunjabPakistan Institute of Public Health LahorePakistan Farooq Hospital LahorePakistan

In 2019,the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus caused pneumonia-like *** disease rapidly spread globally,leading to a worldwide outbreak referred to as the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： globally Strategy Smart

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Residence time distribution of wood chips in a semi-industrial multiple hearth furnace using RFID tracers Author links open overlay panel

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Particuology 2024年第8期91卷 268-279页

作者： Elie Lacombe Muriel Marchand Capucine Dupont Denis Maréchal Thierry Melkior Univ Grenoble Alpes CEALITENDTCHLaboratoire Réacteurs et ProcédésF-38000GrenobleFrance IHE Delft Department of Water Supply Sanitation and Environmental EngineeringDelftthe Netherlands John Cockerill SeraingBelgium

In continuous biomass torrefaction plants,the products'yields,composition and homogeneity highly depend on the residence time of particles.A characterization of particle residence time distribution(RTD)was therefore carried out in an industrial-scale multiple hearth furnace on poplar wood chips using radio frequency identification *** effects of operating conditions,namely,mass flow rate of biomass,shaft speed of the rabbling system and interdental length on the RTD were *** increase of shaft speed and mass flow rate reduces particles’mean residence *** the length between two successive teeth also increases the bed *** biomass accumulation(also called“bulldozing”)was observed during several *** phenomenon is favored by a high mass flow rate of resources,a small interdental length between the teeth and a low shaft *** measurements were compared to the axial dispersion *** all tests,the Peclet number is ranging between 20 and 62,indicating that the multiple hearth furnace cannot be modelled as an ideal plug flow reactor.

关键词： Biomass Multiple hearth furnace Residence time distribution RFID

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Impact Assessment of Oil Spillage on Farmlands of Some Communities in Ilaje Area of Ondo State, Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第12期5卷 1581-1584页

作者： O.C. Alaba E.O. Ifelola Ekiti Rural water Supply and sanitation agency （EKRUWASSA） Ikere-Ekiti Nigeria Department of Mining Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

This study investigated the impact assessment of oil spillage on farmlands of some communities in Ilaje Area of Ondo state. Three farmlands were considered in the course of this study. Two of the three farmlands were within the Ikorigho and Otumara communities that recently experienced oil spillage and they are about 300 m from each other. While the third farm was within the Igbokoda community which is geographically similar but has not experienced oil spillage, it was used as control. The farmland was delineated at each area by the grid technique and soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm depth of the ground. Some physiochemical properties that reflect soil nutrient content and fertility status （pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and cation exchange capacity （CEC）） were determined using standard methods and results from the three areas were compared. There was a significant decrease in the calcium （Ca）, magnesium （Mg）, potassium （K） and organic matter, as well as a significant increase in the electrical conductivity, moisture content and phosphorous content of the oil-spill affected farmlands at Ikorigho and Otumara when compared with the non-affected farmland at Igbokoda. The acidic nature of the farmlands could not be attributed entirely to the oil spill since the control farmland at Igbokoda was slightly acidic. The results show that oil spillage has adversely affected the nutrient level and fertility status of farmland at Ikorigho and Otumara communities, which needs urgent remediation.

关键词： Oil spillage soil nutrients and fertility physiochemical properties of soil.

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