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Economic Assessment and Review of Waterless Fracturing Technologies in Shale Resource Development: A Case Study

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第5期28卷 933-948页

作者： Iman Oraki Kohshou Reza Barati Meaghan Cassey Yorro Tim Leshchyshyn Adebola T. Adejumo Usman Ahmed Imre Kugler Murray Reynolds James McAndrew University of wyoming Department of Petroleum Engineering Laramie WY 82071 USA Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA Forum Energy Technologies Houston TX 77024 USA FracKnowledge//Fracturing Horizontal Well Completions Inc. Calgary AB 72G 0X8 Canada Halliburton Houston TX 77032 USA Unconventional Oil and Gas technology and Development and WellDog Laramie WY 82070 USA IHS Markit Houston TX 77077 USA Ferus Calgary AB T2P 3C5 Canada AirLiquide Greater Philadelphia Area Philadelphia 19019 USA

Our database tracking of USA water usage per well indicates that traditionally shale operators have been using, on average 3 to 6 million gallons of water; even up to 8 million for the en- tire life cycle of the well based on its suitability for re-fracturing to stimulate their long and lateral ho- rizontal welis. According to our data, sourcing, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of this large volume of water could account for up to 10% of overall drilling and completion costs. With in- creasingly stringent regulations governing the use of fresh water and growing challenges associated with storage and use of produced and flowback water in hydraulic fracturing, finding alternative sources of fracturing fluid is already a hot debate among both the scientific community and industry experts. On the other hand, waterless fracturing technology providers claim their technology can solve the concerns of water availability for shale development. This study reviews high-level technical issues and opportunities in this challenging and growing market and evaluates key economic drivers behind water management practices such as waterless fracturing technologies, based on a given shale gas play in the United States and experience gained in Canada. Water costs are analyzed under a variety of scenarios with and without the use of （fresh） water. The results are complemented by surveys from several oil and gas operators. Our economic analysis shows that fresh water usage offers the greatest economic return. In regions where water sourcing is a challenge, however, the short-term economic advantage of using non-fresh water-based fracturing outweighs the capital costs required by waterless fracturing methods. Until waterless methods are cost competitive, recycled water usage with low treatment offers a similar net present value （NPV） to that of sourcing freshwater via truck, for in- stance.

关键词： shale gas gas exploration fracturing techology fracturing fluid waterless fracturing.

Repair and regeneration of peripheral nerve injuries that ablate branch points

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2564-2568页

作者： JuliAnne E.Allgood George D.Bittner Jared S.Bushman Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA Department of Neuroscience The University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

The peripheral nervous system has an extensive branching organization, and peripheral nerve injuries that ablate branch points present a complex challenge for clinical repair. Ablations of linear segments of the PNS have been extensively studied and routinely treated with autografts, acellular nerve allografts, conduits, wraps, and nerve transfers. In contrast, segmental-loss peripheral nerve injuries, in which one or more branch points are ablated so that there are three or more nerve endings, present additional complications that have not been rigorously studied or documented. This review discusses:(1) the branched anatomy of the peripheral nervous system,(2) case reports describing how peripheral nerve injuries with branched ablations have been surgically managed,(3) factors known to influence regeneration through branched nerve structures,(4) techniques and models of branched peripheral nerve injuries in animal models, and(5) conclusions regarding outcome measures and studies needed to improve understanding of regeneration through ablated branched structures of the peripheral nervous system.

关键词： allograft animal model branched injuries femoral nerve peripheral nerve injury peripheral nervous system regeneration repair sciatic nerve surgical repair

Animal- and Human-Inspired Nanostructures as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials: A Review

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 151-175页

作者： Iftikhar Hussain Charmaine Lamiel Sumanta Sahoo Muhammad Sufyan Javed Muhammad Ahmad Xi Chen Shuai Gu Ning Qin Mohammed AAssiri Kaili Zhang Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Department of Chemical Engineering University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA Department of Chemistry Madanapalle Institute of Technology and ScienceMadanapalleAndhra Pradesh 517325India School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People’s Republic of China Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha 61413Saudi Arabia

Human civilization has been relentlessly inspired by the nurturing lessons;nature is teaching *** birds to airplanes and bullet trains,nature gave us a lot of perspective in aiding the progress and development of countless industries,inventions,transportation,and many *** only that nature inspired us in such technological advances but also,nature stimulated the advancement of micro-and ***-inspired nanoarchitectures have been consid-ered a favorable structure in electrode materials for a wide range of *** offers various positive attributes,especially in energy storage applications,such as the formation of hierarchical two-dimen-sional and three-dimensional interconnected networked structures that benefit the electrodes in terms of high surface area,high porosity and rich surface textural features,and eventually,delivering high capacity and outstanding overall material *** this review,we compre-hensively assessed and compiled the recent advances in various nature-inspired based on animal-and human-inspired nanostructures used for *** comprehensive review will help researchers to accommodate nature-inspired nanostructures in industrializing energy storage and many other applications.

关键词： Nature-inspired nanostructure Supercapacitors Energy storage Animal-inspired and human-inspired nanostructures

Photoreduction of CO_(2) in the presence of CH_(4) over g-C_(3)N_(4) modified with TiO_(2) nanoparticles at room temperature

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Green Energy & Environment 2021年第6期6卷 938-951页

作者： Ming Chen Jiachen Wu Chongchong Lu Xiao Luo Yangqiang Huang Bo Jin Hongxia Gao Xiaowen Zhang Morris Argyle Zhiwu Liang Joint International Center for CO2 Capture and Storage(iCCS) Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Cost-effective Utilization of Fossil Fuel Aimed at Reducing Carbon-dioxide EmissionsDepartment of Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAdvanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of EducationHunan UniversityChangsha410082China Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of WyomingLaramieWY82071USA Department of Chemical Engineering Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA

CO_(2)reduction under simulated sunlight over photocatalysts has become an attractive researcher area *** this work,carbon nitride compounds modified by TiO_(2)nanoparticles(TNPs)have been used for the photoreduction of CO_(2)in the presence of CH_(4)at room ***,a series of noble-metal-free TNP-graphitic-carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4),also abbreviated CN)photocatalysts with different TNPs loadings and calcination temperatures have been synthesized by a wet-chemical *** characterization results of XRD,FTIR,SEM,TEM,BET,XPS,CO_(2)Adsorption,UV-vis,and PL demonstrate that the BET surface area and CO_(2)adsorption capacity have been improved after the ***,the g-C_(3)N_(4)has been successfully coupled with the TNPs and a heterojunction has formed at their *** characters contribute to increase the photocatalytic activity of TNPs-CN toward reducing CO_(2)in the presence of CH_(4),and its'performance is better than bare g-C_(3)N_(4),Titania(P_(25))-CN,MgO-CN,or Cu_(2)*** experiments are then carried out to investigate the sensitivity factors and optimum *** sensitivity results show that the reaction pressure makes little difference on the photocatalysis results,which verifies the photoinduced CO_(2)-CH_(4)reaction has a tiny change in gas *** addition,under the optimum conditions,the turnover frequency(TOF)of CO after 4 h reaction can reach 9.98μmol g-cat.^(-1)h^(-1),and traces of ethane and ethylene have been detected during the *** addition,surface acetate and carbonaceous deposit are found on the(20)TNPs-CN/450 surface after continuous 24 h irradiation under the optimum conditions,which resulting in the inactivation of the ***,possible reaction mechanisms have been proposed based on the results.

关键词： Noble-metal-free Photoinduced CO_(2)-CH_(4) Sensitivity factors Surface acetate Inactivation

Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction to syngas

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第7期9卷 1085-1100页

作者： Bing Chang Zhaojun Min Ning Liu Nan Wang Maohong Fan Jing Fan Jianji Wang School of Environment Key Laboratory of Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution ControlMinistry of EducationHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan453007China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and ReactionsMinistry of EducationHenan Normal UniversityXinxiangHenan453007China College of Engineering and Physical Sciences and School of Energy ResourcesUniversity of WyomingLaramieWY82071USA College of Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

While carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is a major greenhouse gas,it is also an important C1 *** the trend of energy conservation and emission reduction,electrocatalytic reduction has become a very promising strategy for CO_(2)utilization because it can convert CO_(2)directly to high-valued chemicals and fuels under mild *** particular,the product CO and by-product H_(2)can be combined into syngas by an electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)in an aqueous *** molar ratios of CO and H_(2)may be used to produce essential bulk chemicals or liquid fuels such as methanol,alkanes,and olefins through thermochemical catalysis,Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,microbial fermentation,and other *** work discusses the latest strategies in controlling the molar ratio of CO/H_(2)and improving the yield of CO_(2)*** challenges of electrocatalytic syngas production are analyzed from an industrial application perspective,and the possible measures to overcome them are proposed in terms of new catalyst design,electrolyte innovation,flow reactor optimization,anodic reaction coupling,and operando technique application.

关键词： Electrocatalysis CO_(2)reduction Syngas Electrolyte Electrolyzer

Evaluating the impact of traffic violations on crash injury severity on wyoming interstates:An investigation with a random parameters model with heterogeneity in means approach

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第4期9卷 654-665页

作者： Anas Alrejjal Milhan Moomen Khaled Ksaibati Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering University of WyomingLaramieWY 82070USA South Carolina Department of Transportation ColumbiaSC 29202USA

This study investigated the impact of traffic violations on crash injury severity on wyoming’s interstate highways.A random parameters multinomial logit(MNL)model with heterogeneity in means was estimated as an alternative to the mixed logit *** was done to better account for unobserved heterogeneity in the crash *** per the results,the random parameters model with heterogeneity in means not only exhibited a better fit but also uncovered more insights regarding the factors influencing crash injury *** advanced model showed that traffic violations,crash characteristics and environmental characteristics among other factors impact crash injury severity on wyoming’s interstate *** regards to traffic violations,driving too fast for prevailing conditions and driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs were identified as the main violations that significantly influenced crash *** other useful insights,the heterogeneity in mean specification indicated that the likelihood of severe injury crashes is increased by the interactive effect between non-trucks(vehicles not classified as trucks)and driving too fast for *** is a significant implication that high speed behavior by non-truck drivers in adverse weather conditions is ranked as one of the hazardous traffic violations on wyoming’s *** study provided for the first time important information on the impact of traffic violations on crash severity of crashes that occurred on challenging roadways that characterized by mountainous terrain and severe weather *** from the study will help enforcement agencies in the state to better identify appropriate countermeasures to mitigate the impact of violations on crash severity.

关键词： Random parameters Heterogeneity in means Injury severity Interstate safety

Radiative cooling and cold storage for concentrated solar power plants

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Energy Storage and Saving 2022年第2期1卷 93-101页

作者： Ablimit Aili Gang Tan Xiaobo Yin Ronggui Yang Department of Mechanical Engineering University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80309USA Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA School of Energy and Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China

Concentrated solar power(CSP)plants are generally located in solar-abundant yet hot and water-stressed *** such circumstances,efficient but water-intensive once-through wet cooling and water-free but inefficient air cooling are both *** both thermal efficiency and water availability/temperature,recir-culating evaporative cooling is a better ***,evaporative cooling still loses large amounts of water into the atmosphere and thus requires a nonstop water ***,simultaneously reducing water loss and maintaining thermal efficiency requires efficient means of supplemental cooling for CSP ***-ing our previous work on scalable radiative cooling films and a kW-scale radiative cooling system,we explore the potential of consumptive water use reduction in recirculating wet-cooled CSP plants by integrating supplemental radiative cooling and cold *** modeling of a reference CSP plant with a supplemental radiative cooling system as large as the plant solar field,the results show that 40%-60%of the annual consumptive water use can be potentially reduced in the hot southwestern *** with daytime-only radiative cooling,whereas the annual potential water saving can be as much as 65%-85%if the radiative cooling system works both day and night with cold storage.

关键词： Radiative cooling Power plant cooling Concentrated solar power Water saving

NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY ON SURFACTANT FLOODING FOR LOW PERMEABILITY OILFIELD IN THE CONDITION OF THRESHOLD PRESSURE

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第4期20卷 492-498页

作者： YIN Dai-yin PU Hui Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery of Ministry of Education Daqing Petroleum Institute Daqing 163318 China Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA 82070

Based on the non-Darcy flow characteristics of surfactant flooding in the low permeability oilfield, considering the changes of threshold pressure and influence of surfactant on convection, diffusion, adsorption and retention, a mathematical model is established for a three-dimensional, two-phase, three-component surfactant flooding. A new treatment for the changes of threshold pressure and a novel correction method for the relative permeability curve in the process of surfactant flooding are derived, which enhances the matching degree between the mathematical model and field practice. The mathematical model was used to perform the numerical simulation study for a pilot test of surfactant flooding in Chao 45 Block of Daqing Oilfield, a proper injection plan was optimized. After the optimized plan was carried out in oilfield, the desirable effects, like pressure-reducing, injection rate increase, and the increase of oil recovery, were achieved. The average oil increase for single well reaches 37%, the ratio of cost to revenue is above 1：4, so the economic effect of scale is promising.

关键词： low permeability surfactant non-Darcy flow threshold pressure gradient numerical simulation

A new die-cast magnesium alloy for applications at higher elevated temperatures of 200-300℃

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第1期9卷 90-101页

作者： Xixi Dong Lingyun Feng Shihao Wang Eric A.Nyberg Shouxun Ji Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology(BCAST) Brunel University LondonUxbridge UB83PHUnited Kingdom Tungsten Parts wyoming LaramieWY 82072USA

The development of lightweight magnesium(Mg)alloys capable of operating at elevated temperatures of 200-300℃and the ability of using high pressure die casting for high-volume manufacturing are the most advanced developments in manufacturing critical parts for internal combustion engines used in power *** we report the microstructure and mechanical properties of a newly developed die-cast Mg-RE(La,Ce,Nd,Gd)-Al alloy capable of working at higher elevated temperatures of 200-300℃.The new alloy delivers the yield strength of 94 MPa at 300℃,which demonstrates a 42%increase over the benchmark AE44 high temperature die-cast Mg *** new alloy also has good stiffness at elevated temperatures with its modulus only decreasing linearly by 13%from room temperature up to 300℃.Thermal analysis shows a minor peak at 364.7℃in the specific heat curve of the new alloy,indicating a good phase stability of the alloy up to 300℃.Nd and Gd have more affinity to Al for the formation of the minority of divorced Al-RE(Nd,Gd)based compounds,and the stable Al-poor Mg_(12)RE(La_(0.22)Ce_(0.13)Nd_(0.31)Gd_(0.31))Zn_(0.39)Al_(0.13)compound acts as the continuous inter-dendritic network,which contribute to the high mechanical performance and stability of the new die-cast Mg alloy at 200-300℃.

关键词： Magnesium alloys High pressure die casting Elevated temperatures Microstructure Mechanical properties