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Generating synthetic as-built additive manufacturing surface topography using progressive growing generative adversarial networks

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1283-1298页

作者： Junhyeon SEO Prahalada RAO Bart RAEYMAEKERS Department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Numerically generating synthetic surface topography that closely resembles the features and characteristics of experimental surface topography measurements reduces the need to perform these intricate and costly ***,existing algorithms to numerically generated surface topography are not well-suited to create the specific characteristics and geometric features of as-built surfaces that result from laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),such as partially melted metal particles,porosity,laser scan lines,and ***,we present a method to generate synthetic as-built LPBF surface topography maps using a progressively growing generative adversarial *** qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate good agreement between synthetic and experimental as-built LPBF surface topography maps using areal and deterministic surface topography parameters,radially averaged power spectral density,and material ratio *** ability to accurately generate synthetic as-built LPBF surface topography maps reduces the experimental burden of performing a large number of surface topography ***,it facilitates combining experimental measurements with synthetic surface topography maps to create large data-sets that facilitate,*** as-built surface topography to LPBF process parameters,or implementing digital surface twins to monitor complex end-use LPBF parts,amongst other applications.

关键词： additive manufacturing surface topography synthetic surface topography generative adversarial networks

Patients’experiences with‘sludge’(administrative burden)in the cancer screening process and its relationship with screening completion,experience and health system distrust

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S2期12卷 8-17页

作者： Michelle S Rockwell Brianna Chang Vivian Zagarese Jamie K Turner Ally Southworth YingXing wu Paul Yeaton Li Li Jeffrey S Stein Sarah H Parker John w Epling Department of Family and Community Medicine Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVirginiaUSA Department of Family and Community Medicine Carilion ClinicRoanokeVirginiaUSA virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine RoanokeVirginiaUSA Department of Health Systems and Implementation Science Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVirginiaUSA Graduate Program in Translational Biology Medicineand HealthVirginia TechRoanokeVirginiaUSA Health Analytics Research Team Carilion ClinicRoanokeVirginiaUSA Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineCarilion ClinicRoanokeVirginiaUSA Department of Family Medicine University of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA Center for Health Behaviors Research Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTCRoanokeVirginiaUSA

Objective‘Sludge’refers to administrative burdens or frictions that preclude people from getting what they want or need(eg,duplicative forms,complicated instructions,long waiting times).This mixed methods study evaluated patients’perceptions of sludge in the colorectal cancer(CRC)screening process and some impacts of this *** we employed an exploratory sequential mixed methods study design that comprised patient interviews and a patient *** interviews informed final survey revisions and captured contextual data about patients’experiences with *** transcripts were inductively and deductively analysed to identify overarching *** survey quantified sludge,delayed or forgone screenings,screening experience(Net Promoter Score)and health system distrust(Health System Distrust Scale).we usedχ2 or t-tests for univariable comparisons and logistic or linear regressions to evaluate the association between cumulative sludge score and delayed or forgone screenings,screening experience and health system *** were integrated for *** Southeastern United *** Patients who were 45–75 years of age,at average risk for CRC and had either completed or been referred for CRC screening(colonoscopy or stool-based test)within the previous 12 *** 22 interview participants and 255 survey participants completed the study.38(15%)survey participants rated their screening experience as poor(Net Promoter Score=0–7 out of 10).The mean(SD)Health System Distrust Scale score was 22.4(6.3)out of 45 possible points(higher score=greater distrust).Perceptions of sludge in the CRC screening process varied,with long waiting times and burdensome communication being the most common sources(58%and 35%of participants,respectively).Sludge was positively associated with delayed or forgone screenings(OR=1.42,95%CI 1.28,1.57,p<0.001),poor screening experience(OR=1.15,95%CI 1.04,1.28,p=0.009)and health system distrust(β=0.47,p

关键词： sludge screening burden

Understanding poromechanical response of a biogenic coalbed methane reservoir

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第3期11卷 32-50页

作者： Rohit Pandey Satya Harpalani virginia Tech BlacksburgUSA Southern Illinois university CarbondaleUSA

Biogenic coalbed methane(BCBM)reservoirs aim to produce methane from in situ coal deposits following microbial conversion of *** of BCBM reservoirs requires economic methane production within an acceptable *** work reported here quantifies the findings of previously published qualitative work,where it was found that bioconversion induces strains in the pore,matrix and bulk *** imaging and dynamic strain monitoring techniques,the bioconversion induced strain is quantified *** understand the effect of these strains from a reservoir geomechanics perspective,a corresponding poromechanical model is ***,findings of imaging experiments are validated using core-flooding flow ***,expected field-scale behavior of the permeability response of a BCBM operation is modeled and *** results of the study indicated that,for Illinois coals,bioconversion induced strains result in a decrease in fracture porosity,resulting in a detrimental permeability drop in excess of 60%during bioconversion,which festers itself exponentially throughout its producing *** indicate that reservoirs with high initial permeability that will support higher Darcian flowrates,would be better suited for coal bioconversion,thereby providing a site-selection criteria for BCBM operations.

关键词： Coal bioconversion Poromechanical model Reservoir response Bioconversion induced strain

Advancing respirable coal mine dust source apportionment:a preliminary laboratory exploration of optical microscopy as a novel monitoring tool

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第2期11卷 222-233页

作者： Nestor Santa Emily Sarver Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Exposure to respirable coal mine dust(RCMD)can cause chronic and debilitating lung ***-time monitoring capabilities are sought which can enable a better understanding of dust components and *** many underground mines,RCMD includes three primary components which can be loosely associated with three major dust sources:coal dust from the coal seam itself,silicates from the surrounding rock strata,and carbonates from the inert‘rock dust’products that are applied to mitigate explosion hazards.A monitor which can reliably partition RCMD between these three components could thus allow source *** tracking silicates,specifically,could be valuable since the most serious health risks are typically associated with this component-particularly if abundant in crystalline *** a monitoring concept based on field microscopy,and following up on prior research using polarized light,the aim of the current study was to build and test a model to classify respirable-sized particles as either coal,silicates,or *** model development,composite dust samples were generated in the laboratory by successively depositing dust from high-purity materials onto a sticky transparent substrate,and imaging after each deposition event such that the identity of each particle was known a *** testing followed a similar approach,except that real geologic materials were used as the source for each dust *** showed that the model had an overall accuracy of 86.5%,indicating that a field-microscopy based moni-tor could support RCMD source apportionment and silicates tracking in some coal mines.

关键词： Polarized light microscopy Image processing Dust monitoring Respirable silica Coal mining

A poetics of“wind in a Box”

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2024年第3期10卷 408-414页

作者： John Robinson west virginia Department of Education CharlestonUSA

This essay is a re-application of the language codes of Roland Barthes and Jonathan Culler’s concept for Structuralist *** approach I use explores the codes demonstrated in Barthes’well-known text,S/Z with slight modifications for their application to *** concepts borrowed from *** are from his book of the same title:Structuralist Poetics:Structuralism,Linguistics and the Study of Literature(Cornell university Press,1975).Culler’s main argument is that there must be other,un-attempted strategies combined with conventional approaches in literature of that time *** answer to this problem was to develop a set of linguistic-based concepts to compensate for the reader in the analysis of literary works.I have applied in this essay my approach based on Culler’s methodology and the language codes of Roland Barthes:semantic,symbolic,cultural-referential,actional and hermeneutic.I apply Culler’s concepts to a reading of poetry followed by an application of the language codes as a further development of my work in revitalizing this never-before applied method.

关键词： poetics literary theory poetry

Comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower white River, Arkansas

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eggleton Cody J.Salzmann Joseph E.Kaiser Shannon C.F.Smith Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish Commission virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower white River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(P wever, all indices were generally similar(P > 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblages depicted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 species. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower white

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

Characterizing diseases using genetic and clinical variables:A data analytics approach

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Quantitative Biology 2024年第3期12卷 271-285页

作者： Madhuri Gollapalli Harsh Anand Satish Mahadevan Srinivasan Engineering Department Penn State Great ValleyMalvernPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Systems and Information Engineering School of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA

Predictive analytics is crucial in precision medicine for personalized patient *** aid in precision medicine,this study identifies a subset of genetic and clinical variables that can serve as predictors for classifying diseased tissues/disease *** achieve this,experiments were performed on diseased tissues obtained from the L1000 dataset to assess differences in the functionality and predictive capabilities of genetic and clinical *** this study,the k-means technique was used for clustering the diseased tissue types,and the multinomial logistic regression(MLR)technique was applied for classifying the diseased tissue *** reduction techniques including principal component analysis and Boruta are used extensively to reduce the dimensionality of genetic and clinical *** results showed that landmark genes performed slightly better in clustering diseased tissue types compared to any random set of 978 non-landmark genes,and the difference is statistically ***,it was evident that both clinical and genetic variables were important in predicting the diseased tissue *** top three clinical predictors for predicting diseased tissue types were identified as morphology,gender,and age of ***,this study explored the possibility of using the latent representations of the clusters of landmark and non-landmark genes as predictors for an MLR *** classification models built using MLR revealed that landmark genes can serve as a subset of genetic variables and/or as a proxy for clinical *** study concludes that combining predictive analytics with dimensionality reduction effectively identifies key predictors in precision medicine,enhancing diagnostic accuracy.

关键词： clustering k-means L1000 dataset analysis landmark genes multinomial logistic regression non-landmark genes principal component analysis tissue classification

Structural engineered living materials

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 715-733页

作者： Yang Geng Zian Jia Ling Li 635 Prices Fork Road Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg VA24061USA

Biological structural materials not only exhibit remarkable mechanical properties but also often embody dynamic characteristics such as environmental responsiveness,autonomy,and self-healing,which are difficult to achieve in conventional engineering *** merging materials science,synthetic biology,and other disciplines,engineered living materials(ELMs)provide a promising solution to combine living organisms with abiotic components,thus facilitating the construction of functional“living”*** natural materials,ELMs possess vitality and hold immense application potential in areas such as medicine,electronics,and construction,captivating increasing research attention *** an emerging branch of ELMs,structural ELMs aim to mimic living biological structural materials by achieving desired mechanical performance while maintaining important“living”*** we summarize the recent progress and provide our perspectives for this emerging research *** first summarize the superiority of structural ELMs by reviewing biological structural materials and biomimetic material design ***,we provide a systematic discussion on the definition and classifications of structural ELMs,their mechanical performance,and physiological ***,we summarize some critical challenges faced by structural ELMs and highlight directions of future *** hope this review article can provide a timely summary of the state of the art and relevant perspectives for future development of structural ELMs.

关键词： structural materials engineered living materials(ELMs) structural ELMs composites mechanical properties

Dissociation cross sections ofψ(3770),ψ(4040),ψ(4160),andψ(4415)mesons with nucleons

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第4期76卷 93-112页

作者： Ruo-Qing Ding Xiao-Ming Xu H J weber Department of Physics Shanghai UniversityBaoshanShanghai 200444China Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904United States of America

we study the dissociation of ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), and ψ(4415) mesons in collision with nucleons, which takes place in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions. The quark interchange between a nucleon and a ■ meson leads to the dissociation of the ■ meson. we consider the reactions:■, and■, where R stands for ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), or ψ(4415). A reaction of a neutron and a ■ meson corresponds to a reaction of a proton and the ■ meson by replacing the up quark with the down quark and vice versa. Transition-amplitude formulas are derived from the S-matrix *** cross sections are calculated with the transition amplitudes for scattering in the prior form and in the post form. The cross sections relate to nodes in the radial wave functions of ψ(3770), ψ(4040), ψ(4160), and ψ(4415) mesons.

关键词： inelastic nucleon-charmonium scattering quark interchange relativistic constituent quark potential model