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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of sciences School of Astronomy and Space sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences Key laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of sciences Institute of Space sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space sciences Deep Space Exploration laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

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Human Observation-Inspired Universal Image Acquisition Paradigm Integrating Multi-Objective Motion Planning and Control for Robotics

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第12期11卷 2463-2475页

作者： Haotian Liu Yuchuang Tong Zhengtao Zhang CAS Engineering laboratory for Intelligent Industrial vision Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences the School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences IEEE

Image acquisition stands as a prerequisite for scrutinizing surfaces inspection in industrial high-end *** imaging systems often exhibit inflexibility, being confined to specific objects and encountering difficulties with diverse industrial structures lacking standardized computer-aided design(CAD) models or in instances of deformation. Inspired by the multidimensional observation of humans, our study introduces a universal image acquisition paradigm tailored for robotics, seamlessly integrating multi-objective optimization trajectory planning and control scheme to harness measured point clouds for versatile, efficient, and highly accurate image acquisition across diverse structures and scenarios. Specifically, we introduce an energybased adaptive trajectory optimization(EBATO) method that combines deformation and deviation with dual-threshold optimization and adaptive weight adjustment to improve the smoothness and accuracy of imaging trajectory and posture. Additionally, a multi-optimization control scheme based on a meta-heuristic beetle antennal olfactory recurrent neural network(BAORNN) is proposed to track the imaging trajectory while addressing posture, obstacle avoidance, and physical constraints in industrial scenarios. Simulations, real-world experiments, and comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed paradigm.

关键词： Industrial robotics human observation-inspired meta-heuristic recurrent neural network motion planning and control universal image acquisition

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Temporal properties of pattern adaptation of relay cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of cats

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第17期46卷 1463-1465页

作者： YANG Yupeng JIN Jianzhong ZHOU Yifeng SHOU Tiande vision Research laboratory School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China vision Research laboratory and Liren laboratory Center for Brain Science ResearchSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China laboratory of Visual Information Processing Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The temporal properties of pattern adaptation of relay cells induced by repeated sinusoidal drifting grating were investigated in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of cats. The results showed that the response amplitude declined and the response latency prolonged when relay cells were pattern-adapted in dLGN, like the similar findings in visual cortex. However, in contrast to the result in cortex, the response phase of relay cells advanced. This implies that an inhibition with relatively long latency may participate in the pattern adaptation of dLGN cells and the adaptation in dLGN may be via a mechanism different from that of visual cortex.

关键词： pattern adaptation temporal properties latency phase lateral geniculate nucleus cat.

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Advancements in Humanoid Robots: A Comprehensive Review and Future Prospects

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第2期11卷 301-328页

作者： Yuchuang Tong Haotian Liu Zhengtao Zhang IEEE CAS Engineering laboratory for Intelligent Industrial vision Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current status, advancements, and future prospects of humanoid robots, highlighting their significance in driving the evolution of next-generation industries. By analyzing various research endeavors and key technologies, encompassing ontology structure,control and decision-making, and perception and interaction, a holistic overview of the current state of humanoid robot research is presented. Furthermore, emerging challenges in the field are identified, emphasizing the necessity for a deeper understanding of biological motion mechanisms, improved structural design,enhanced material applications, advanced drive and control methods, and efficient energy utilization. The integration of bionics, brain-inspired intelligence, mechanics, and control is underscored as a promising direction for the development of advanced humanoid robotic systems. This paper serves as an invaluable resource, offering insightful guidance to researchers in the field,while contributing to the ongoing evolution and potential of humanoid robots across diverse domains.

关键词： Future trends and challenges humanoid robots human-robot interaction key technologies potential applications

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Extracellular vesicles as a potential therapeutic for age-related macular degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1876-1880页

作者： Lorraine L.C.Chow Ben Mead School of Optometry and vision sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK

Age-related macular degeneration is a major global cause of central visual impairment and seve re vision *** an aging population,the already immense economic burden of costly anti-vascular endothelial growth fa ctor treatment is likely to *** addition,current conventional treatment is only available for the late neovascular stage of age-related macular degeneration,and injections can come with potentially devastating complications,introducing the need for more economical and ris kfree *** recent years,exosomes,which are nano-sized extracellular vesicles of an endocytic origin,have shown immense potential as diagnostic biomarkers and in the therapeutic application,as they are bestowed with characte ristics including an expansive cargo that closely resembles their parent cell and exceptional ability of intercellular communication and targeting neighboring *** are currently undergoing clinical trials for various conditions such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diseases;however,exosomes as a potential therapy for seve ral retinal diseases have just begun to undergo scrutinizing investigation with little literature on age-related macular degeneration *** article will focus on the limited literature availa ble on exosome transplantation treatment in age-related macular degeneration animal models and in vitro cell cultures,as well as briefly identify future research *** literature on exosome therapy using agerelated macular degeneration rodent models includes laser retinal injury,N-methyl-N-nitrosourea,and royal college of surgeon models,which mimic inflammatory and degenerative aspects of agerelated macular *** have shown promising results in preserving retinal function and morphology,as well as protecting photoreceptors from *** from their respective cellular origins may also act by regulating the expression of various inflammatory cyto kines,mRNAs,and proteins involved in photo

关键词： age-related macular degeneration exosomes extracellular vesicles miRNA neuroprotection photoreceptors retina retinal pigment epithelium

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Evaluation of visual stress symptoms in age-matched dyslexic, Meares-Irlen syndrome and normal adults

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第4期9卷 617-624页

作者： Mana A.Alanazi Saud A.Alanazi Uchechukwu L.Osuagwu Department of Optometry & vision Science King Saud University Ophthalmic and Visual Optics laboratory Group Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology

AIM： To examine the prevalence of dyslexia and Meares-Irlen syndrome（MIS） among female students and determine their level of visual stress in comparison with normal subjects.·METHODS： A random sample of 450 female medical students of King Saud University Riyadh（age range, 18-30y） responded to a wide range of questions designed to accomplish the aims of this study. The detailed questionnaire consisted of 54 questions with 12 questions enquiring on ocular history and demography of participants while 42 questions were on visual symptoms. Items were categorized into critical and non-critical questions（CQ and NCQ） and were rated on four point Likert scale. Based on the responses obtained, the subjects were grouped into normal（control）, dyslexic with or without MIS（Group 1） and subjects with MIS only（Group 2）. Responses were analysed as averages and mean scores were calculated and compared between groups using one way analysis of variance to evaluate total visual stress score（TVSS =NCQ ＋CQ）, critical and non-critical visual stress scores. The relationship between categorical variables such as age, handedness and condition were assessed with Chi-square test.·RESULTS： The completion rate was 97.6% and majority of the respondents（92%） were normal readers, 2%dyslexic and 6% had MIS. They were age-matched. More than half of the participants had visited an eye care practitioner in the last 2y. About 13% were recommendedeye exercises and one participant experienced pattern glare. Hand preference was not associated with any condition but Group 1 subjects（3/9, 33%） were significantly more likely to be diagnosed of lazy eye than Group 2（2/27, 7%） and control（27/414, 7%） subjects. The mean±SD of TVSS responses were 63±14 and it was 44±9for CQ and 19 ±5 for NCQ. Responses from all three variables were normally distributed but the CQ responses were on the average more positive（82%） in Group 2 and less positive（46%） in Group 1 than control. With NCQ,the responses were equally less posi

关键词： dyslexia visual stress symptoms critical questions non-critical questions Meares-Irlen syndrome questionnaire

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Accommodation in human eye models:a comparison between the optical designs of Navarro,Arizona and Liou-Brennan

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第1期10卷 43-50页

作者： Georgios Zoulinakis Jose Juan Esteve-Taboada Teresa Ferrer-Blasco David Madrid-Costa Robert Montés-Mico Department of Optics and Physics Faculty University 46100Spain Optometry and Vision Sciencesof ValenciaBurjassotValencia Interuniversity laboratory for research in vision and Optometry Mixed group University of ValenciaUniversity of MurciaSpain

AIM： To simulate and compare accommodation in accommodative and non-accommodative human eye ***： Ray tracing and optical design program was used. Three eye models were designed and studied： the Navarro, the Arizona and the Liou-Brennan. In order to make the Navarro and Liou-Brennan models to accommodate, specific geometric parameters of the models were altered with values that were chosen from the literature. For the Arizona model, its’ mathematical functions for accommodation were used for the same accommodative demands. The simulation included four distances of accommodation for each model： at infinity, 3, 1 and 0.5 *** results were diffraction images of a “letter F” for graphical comparison, spot diagrams on the retinal field and Modulation Transfer Function （MTF） ***：Zernike coefficients for the aberrations, Airy disk diameter, root mean square （RMS） error diameter and total axial length of the model were provided from the program. These were compared between them in all distances. The Navarro model had the smallest axial length change as a simple model. The Arizona did not change its axial length because it is designed to be accommodative. The Liou-Brennan model had different results concerning the aberrations because of the decentration of the pupil. The MTF graphs showed small differences between the models because of the differences in their ***： All the three models are able to simulate accommodation with the expected results. There is no model that can be assumed as the best choice. Accommodation can be simulated in non-accommodativemodels and in customized ones.

关键词： accommodation design eye model optical

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The responses to illusory contours of neurons in cortex areas 17 and 18 of the cats

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Science China Life sciences 2001年第2期44卷 136-145页

作者：周逸峰贾凡陶海洋寿天德 laboratory of Cognitive Science of CAS Vision Research Laboratory School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Center for Brain and Mind Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Center for Brain Science Research and Liren laboratory School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China laboratory of Visual Information Processing Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Responses to illusory contours (ICs) were sampled from neurons in cortical areas 17 and 18 of the anesthetized cats. For ICs sensitive cells, the differences of receptive field properties were compared when ICs and real contour stimuli were applied. Two hundred orientation or direction selective cells were studied. We find that about 42 percent of these cells were the ICs sensitive cells. Although their orientation or direction tuning curves to ICs bar and real bars were similar, the response modes (especially latency and time course) were different. The cells’ responses to ICs were independent of the spatial phases of sinusoidal gratings, which composed the ICs. The cells’ optimal spatial frequency to composing gratings the ICs was much higher than the one to moving gratings. Therefore, these cells really responded to the ICs rather than the line ends of composing gratings. For some kinds of velocity-tuning cells, the optimal velocity to moving ICs bar was much lower than the optimal velocity to moving

关键词： cat illusory contours (ICs) orientation selectivity direction selectivity receptive field.

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Fiber-shaped organic electrochemical transistors for biochemical detections with high sensitivity and stability

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第9期63卷 1281-1288页

作者： Xiaoying Wu Jianyou Feng Jue Deng Zhichang Cui Liyuan Wang Songlin Xie Chuanrui Chen Chengqiang Tang Zhengqi Han Hongbo Yu Xuemei Sun Huisheng Peng State Key laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Scienceand Laboratory of Advanced MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China vision Research laboratory School of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyCollaborative Innovation Centre for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Precise and continuous monitoring of biochemicals by biosensors assists to understand physiological functions for various diagnostics and therapeutic *** implanted biosensors,small size and flexibility are essential for minimizing tissue damage and achieving accurate ***,the active surface area of sensor decreases as the sensor becomes smaller,which will increase the impedance and decrease the signal to noise ratio,resulting in a poor detection *** advantages of local amplification effect,organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)constitute promising candidates for high-sensitive ***,their detections in deep tissues are rarely ***,we report a family of implantable,fiber-shaped all-in-one OECTs based on carbon nanotube fibers for versatile biochemical detection including H2O2,glucose,dopamine and *** fiber-shaped OECTs demonstrated high sensitivity,dynamical stability in physiological environment and antiinterference *** implantation in mouse brain,7-day dopamine monitoring in vivo was realized for the first *** fiber-shaped OECTs could be great additions to the"life science"tool box and represent promising avenue for biomedical monitoring.

关键词： carbon nanotube fiber flexible organic electrochemical transistor

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Real-time rendering of flames on arbitrary deformable objects

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Science China(Information sciences) 2013年第8期56卷 228-236页

作者： WANG Lei YE WanFang DUAN Ming ZHANG YanCi College of Computer Science Sichuan University Key laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic vision

This paper proposes a new real-time algorithm to generate visually plausible flames on arbitrary deformable *** order to avoid the time-consuming computation of physical fields,the main idea of our algorithm is to build an approximate distance field based on the object’s *** then the distance field is sampled and the distance samples are employed to fetch values from a color map which is precomputed according to physical *** order to simulate the dynamic flames by static distance field,simplex noise is used to disturb the sampling *** algorithm is also capable of handling the interaction between the flames and external factors such as *** order to achieve such a goal,two approximate distance fields are built to represent the inner flames and the outer flames respectively,which are combined together to accomplish the *** experimental results show that our algorithm can produce visually plausible and user controllable flames on arbitrary deformable objects in real-time.

关键词： fire simulation and rendering distance field simplex noise ray marching color distribution map

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