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Achillea fragrantissima,rich in flavonoids and tannins,potentiates the activity of diminazine aceturate against Trypanosoma evansi in rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第3期9卷 223-229页

作者： Ibrahim M.El-Ashmawy Naser A.Al-Wabel Aida E.Bayad Department of veterinary Medicine College of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine.Qassim University Department of Pharmacology.Faculty of veterinary Medicine.Alexandria University veterinary services center Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAlexandria University

Objective:To evaluate activity of methanol extract of Achillea fragrantissima(meth)(***) alone or in combination with diminazine aceturate(DA) against Trypanosoma evansi in experimentally infected ***:Sixty adult male Wister albino rats were divided equally into 6 groups(A-F).Rats in groups A-E were experimentally infected with *** and those in group F were *** groups were treated respectively as follows:group A- with 3.5 mg/kg DA;group B- with 1 000 mg/kg meth,***;group C-3.5mg/kg DA plus 500 mg/kg meth ***;group D-3.5 mg/kg DA plus 1 000 mg/kg meth *** E was left ***,survivability,packed cell volume,hemoglobin concentration,total leucocytes count,lymphocyte count,and serum malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione(GSH) levels were *** screening of meth *** was also ***:The phytochemical analysis of the meth *** indicated a higher content from polyphenols tannins and non tannins and *** efficacy percentage against trypanosomiasis in groups A to E was respectively as follows 80,40,90.100,*** administration of ***(1000)mg/kg ***.) produced a moderate efficacy against *** rats in group E died between 25 and 30 d post *** rats given DA and meth *** combinations(C and D) showed faster and higher recovery rates than the uninfected control and groups A and *** initial reduction in packed cell volume,hemoglobin,total leucocytes count,increases in serum malondialdehyde and decreases in GSH levels were reversed by the treatments.C onclusions:The administration of the methanol extracts of *** and DA combination therapy was more effective than each product alone in the treatment of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi and further studies are required to isolate more active ingredients.

关键词： Achillea fragrantissima Trypanosoma evansi Flavonoids Malondialdehyde Reduced glutathione Rats

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Control of animal brucellosis: the Malaysian experience

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第12期9卷 1111-1115页

作者： M.Zamri-Saad M.I.Kamarudin Research Centre for Ruminant Diseases Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversiti Putra Malaysia Department of veterinary services Malaysia Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease characterized by reproductive failure in animals and undulent fever in humans. In cattle, it is caused by Brucella abortus while in goats by Brucella melitensis, the main cause of brucellosis in humans. Brucellosis in livestock has been associated with importation of animals from breeder herd of unknown disease status. The prevalence of bovine brucellosis Brucella abortus in 2014 ranged between 1%-2% in Thailand and Indonesia, and 4%-5% in Malaysia and Myanmar. Prevalence of goat brucellosis Brucella melitensis is approximately 1% in Malaysia and Thailand. ‘Test-and-slaughter' is the general policy against brucellosis adopted by most ASEAN countries to eradicate the disease. Under this program, the Rose Bengal Plate Test(RBPT) is used as the screening test to identify infected farm/herd while the Complement Fixation Test(CFT) is the confirmatory test. The test-and-slaughter eradication strategy that was implemented since 1979 had managed to keep the prevalence rate to less than 5%, from 3.3% in 1979, 0.23% in 1988, 1% in 1998 and 5% in 2016. The test-and-slaughter program seemed effective in reducing the prevalence of brucellosis but was unable to eradicate the disease due to several factors, which include failure to locate and identify the remaining affected animals and to control their movement, importation of breeder animals from non-brucellosis free countries and lack of participation by the farmers following unrealiable test results. To support the eradication policy, research activities since 1980 s have suggested combinations of serological tests to improve diagnosis while surveillance should be focused on hotspots areas. The prevalence can be further reduced by strictly sourcing breeder animals from brucella-free areas or countries.

关键词： Brucellosis Animal Control

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Environmental temperatures,physiology and behavior limit the range expansion of invasive Burmese pythons in southeastern USA

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第3期7卷 271-285页

作者： Elliott R.JACOBSON David G.BARKER Tracy M.BARKER Richard MAULDIN Michael L.AVERY Richard ENGEMAN Stephen SECOR College of veterinary Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida Vida Preciosa International(VPI) BoerneTexas US Department of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterFort CollinsColorado US Department of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterGainesvilleFlorida Department of Biological Sciences University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabamaUSA

A well-established population of Burmese pythons resides in the Everglades of southern *** in part by a report that identified much of southern USA as suitable habitat for expansion or establishment of the Burmese python,we examined the plausibility of this snake to survive winters at sites north of the *** integrated daily low and high temperatures recorded from October to February from 2005-2011 at Homestead,Orlando and Gainesville,Florida;and Aiken,South Carolina,with minimum temperatures projected for python digestion(16℃),activity(5℃)and survival(0℃).Mean low and high temperatures decreased northward from Homestead to Aiken and the number of days of freezing temperatures increased *** was impaired or inhibited for 2 months in the Everglades and up to at least 5 months in Aiken,and activity was increasingly limited northward during these *** of overwinter survivorship document that a single bout of low and freezing temperatures results in python *** capacity for Burmese pythons to successfully overwinter in more temperate regions of the USA is seemingly prohibited because they lack the behaviors to seek refuge from,and the physiology to tolerate,cold *** tropical Southeast Asia is the source of the Everglades Burmese pythons,we predict it is unlikely that they will be able to successfully expand to or colonize more temperate areas of Florida and adjoining states due to their lack of behavioral and physiological traits to seek refuge from cold temperatures.

关键词： ambient temperature Burmese python invasion snake thermal tolerance

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Factors affectingin-vivo fertility of crossbred Egyptian - Italian buffalo semen

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2017年第6期6卷 264-267页

作者： GA El-Sisy KGhM Mahmoud AAE El-sokary MF Nawito YF Ahmed Department of Animal Reproduction and A.I. National Research CenterDokkiGizaEgypt General Organization for veterinary services DokkiEgypt

Objective:To assess the effect of region, season and year of insemination onin-vivo fertility of Italian-Egyptian crossbred buffalo ***: A total number of 4799 female buffaloes were inseminated by frozen semen with at least 50% post-thaw motility of Egyptian-Italian crossbred bulls in three localities in Delta, lower Egypt (El-Behira, El-Sharkia and Damietta) during the period of 2013, 2014 and 2015. The pregnancy rate after two months was evaluated during the four ***:The rate of pregnancy was significantly (P<0.0001) differ among the three localities. The effect of year of insemination on pregnancy rate was significantly higher during 2014 and 2015 than 2013 in El-Sharkia and El-Behira. But in Damietta, the rate of pregnancy was significantly higher in 2014 than 2013 and 2015. There were no significant differences among seasons in El-Behira and Damietta governorates but there was significant (P<0.05) differences in pregnancy rate in El-Sharkia. It was higher in summer, spring and autumn than in ***:Localities, year of insemination and season of the year have effects on fertility of crossbred Egyptian-Italian buffalo semen.

关键词： Artificial insemination Pregnancy rate Egyptian-Italian crossbred Buffalo bull

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Impacts of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and avian influenza on U.S. meat demand

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1130-1141页

作者： Jianhong E Mu Bruce A McCarl Amy Hagerman David Bessler Department of Applied Economics Oregon State University Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M University center for Epidemiology and Animal Health Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture

This paper examines the U.S. meat demand impacts of the announced outbreaks of bovine spongiform encephalopathy（BSE） and avian influenza（AI）. Findings indicate that beef and chicken demand was negatively affected by BSE and AI disease outbreaks. Specifically, in the short run, U.S. consumers shift demand due to both outbreaks but more so due to domestic disease outbreaks than for outbreaks occurring overseas-the impact of U.S. AI outbreaks is about 0.5% for beef and the impact of U.S. BSE cases is around –0.42% for beef and 0.4% for pork, respectively. Regarding the BSE shock on meat demand, there is a high rate of beef demand adjusted from disturbance to the long-run equilibrium and a lower adjustment rate for chicken demand because of the repeated outbreaks of AI worldwide. In the long run, information related to severe, persistently recurring overseas animal disease outbreaks changes U.S. consumers＇ meat consumption patterns. Although effects of animal diseases on U.S. meat demand were statistically significant, the magnitudes were small-the impact of WHO reported human death numbers for AI is 0.005% for beef, –0.002% for pork, and –0.006% for chicken and the impact of U.S. BSE cases is 1.1% for pork and –0.7% for chicken.

关键词： spongiform avian chicken bovine encephalopathy overseas disturbance adjustment pathogenic deaths

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Opportunistic infection of Aspergillus and bacteria in captive Cape vultures (Gyps coprotheres)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第5期3卷 401-406页

作者： Stephen Chege Judith Howlett Majid Al Qassimi Arshad Toosy Joerg Kinne Vincent Obanda Life Sciences Department Al Ain Wildlife Park and Resort Central veterinary Research Laboratories veterinary services Department Kenya Wildlife Service

Objective:To describe clinical signs,pathology,diagnosis and treatment of Cape vultures in which Aspergillus fumigatus(***)and mixed species of bacteria were ***:Six Cape vultures sourced from South Africa for exhibition at Al Ain Zoo developed illness manifesting as anorexia,dyspnea,polyuria and *** vultures died manifesting"pneumonia-like syndrome".These three vultures were necropsied and gross lesions recorded,while organ tissues were collected for *** organs were swabbed for bacteriology and *** live vultures,blood was collected for hematology and biochemistry,oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected for mycology and ***:*** was isolated from the three dead vultures and two live ones that eventually *** of the dead vulture and two live vultures were co-infected with *** and mixed species of bacteria that included Clostridium perfringens,Pseudomonas,Staphylococcus,Escherichia,Proteus,Enterococcus and *** of the Cape vulture and a Lappetfaced vulture,however,were free of Aspergillus or bacterial *** necropsy,intestinal hemorrhages were observed and the lungs were overtly congested with granulomas present on caudal air *** examinations demonstrated granulomatous lesions that were infiltrated by mononuclear cells and giant ***:Aspergillosis is a persistent threat to captive birds and we recommend routine health assessments so that early diagnosis may prompt early *** is likely that prompt prophylaxis by broad spectrum antibiotics and antifungals medication contributed to the survival of some of the vultures.

关键词： Aspergillosis Cape vultures Wild birds Aspergillus Bacteria

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Effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin enriched extenders on the quality of pre- frozen and frozen buffalo semen

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2022年第3期11卷 146-152页

作者： Asmaa A.Mostafa Mohamed S.El-Belely Sayed T.Ismail Reda I.El-Sheshtawy Mohamed I.Shahba Abassia Frozen Semen center General Organization for Veterinary ServicesCairoEgypt Department of Theriogenology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineCairo UniversityGizaEgypt Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination National Research CentreDokkiGizaEgypt

Objective:To investigate the effects of non-permeable cryoprotectant,cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin,when added at different concentrations into cooled and frozen-thawed semen extended with Tris-citrate-fructose egg yolk glycerol and lecithin-based ***:A total of 40 ejaculates from four buffalo bulls were collected using artificial *** were extended with one of Tris-citrate-fructose egg yolk glycerol and lecithin-based extenders which contained different concentrations[0(control),0.75,1.50,2.25 and 3.00 mg/mL]of cholesterol-loaded *** extended semen samples were cooled to 5曟and then frozen slowly to-196曟in 0.25 mL ministraws before being stored in liquid nitrogen pending its *** motility,live sperm,normal sperm morphology,sperm membrane integrity and acrosome morphology were ***:Supplementation of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin improved progressive motility,viability,morphology and acrosome as well as plasma membrane integrities at 1.50-2.25 mg/mL depending upon types of used extenders and stages of pre-and post-freezing process(P<0.01).The best concentration was 1.50 mg/mL at pre-freeze stage and 2.25 mg/mL at ***,greater concentration(3.00 mg/mL)of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin had a detrimental effect compared to the control group with the two evaluated extenders(P<0.01).Conclusions:Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin supplementation at 1.50-2.25 mg/mL concentration could improve pre-frozen and post-thawed buffalo sperm *** most suitable concentration is 1.50 mg/mL at pre-freeze stage and 2.25 mg/mL at post-freezing.

关键词： Buffalo Semen Tris Cooling Cryopreservation Cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin Semen evaluation

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Impact of replacing egg yolk with lecithin on quality of pre-freeze and post-thaw buffalo spermatozoa

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2018年第6期7卷 254-260页

作者： Asmaa A.Mostafa Mohamed.S.El-Belely Sayed.T.Ismail Reda.I.El-Sheshtawy Mohamed I.Shahba Abassia Frozen Semen center General Organization for Veterinary ServicesCairoEgypt Department of Theriogenology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineCairo UniversityGizaEgypt Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination Department National Research CentreDokkiGizaEgypt

Objective:To estimate the result of egg yolk replacement with alternative cryopreservatives such as plant-derived lecithin from soybean on sperm quality parameters pre and post freezing in buffalo ***: The control cryopreservation extender was tris-citric acid-fructose-egg yolk-glycerol (TCFYG) diluent. Semen samples were extended gradually 1:10 with TCFYG control extender and tris-citric acid-fructose-glycerol (TCFG) extender plus variable concentrations of soybean lecithin (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0%) to ensure 60 million active spermatozoa/mL of the extended semen. The diluted semen samples were refrigerated slowly (roughly for 2 h) up to 5℃ and equilibrated for 2 h. Semen was filled into 0.25 mL polyvinyl French straws (IMV, France). After equilibration period, the straws were placed horizontally on a rack and frozen in a vapor 4 cm above liquid nitrogen for 10 min and were then dipped stored in liquid nitrogen at -196℃. Results:The respective overall percentages of forward motile spermatozoa, live spermatozoa, morphologically normal spermatozoa, acrosome integrity and hypo-osmotic swelling reactivity observed primarily in fresh semen, after equilibration (pre-freeze stage) and post freezing (post-thaw stage) in TCFYG (control) extended semen declined progressively and statically (P<0.01) during these periods of study. Pre-freezing stage: replacement of egg yolk into TCFG with soybean lecithin at concentrations of 1.0% and 1.5% significantly (P<0.01) ameliorated the maintenance of (motility, viability, acrosome and membrane integrity %), meanwhile it had significantly (P<0.01) reduced the abnormality % of spermatozoa to the lowest value compared to control TCFYG and to some other concentrations in use. Post-thaw stage: the replacement of egg yolk with 1.0% soybean lecithin (SL) showed significantly (P<0.01) higher percentage of sperm progressive motility compared to 1.5% SL and TCFYG control. These values were significantly (P<0.01) higher t

关键词： Buffalo Semen Preservation Soybean lecithin

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Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on quality of pre-frozen and frozen buffalo semen

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2019年第1期8卷 20-24页

Objective: To clarify the antioxidant effect of butylated hydroxytoulene (BHT) at different concentrations on cooled and post frozen semen diluted in tris-citrate-fructose egg yolk glycerol and lecithin -based extenders. Methods: Forty ejaculates were harvested from four buffalo bulls by means of the artificial vagina. Ejaculated semen samples were diluted with each of the tris citrate-fructose egg yolk glycerol and lecithin-based extender diluents. The semen samples diluted with each of the two extenders were added to pre-warmed dried test tubes containing BHT (prepared in ethanol) to get concentrations at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mM/mL BHT. These ingredients were put at 37 ℃ for 5 min to allow the proper BHT spermatozoal permeation. The diluted semen samples were cooled to 5 ℃ and then frozen to -196 ℃ in 0.25 mL ministraws before dipping in liquid nitrogen pending its evaluation. Sperm motility, viability, morphology, intact acrosome and membrane integrity were tested. Visual motility was tested using a high power ordinary microscope (at 400 × ) with closed circuit television, and sperm concentration was tested using Neubauer haemocytometer and abnormality % using eosin-nigrosin stain. Spermatozoal membrane integrity was tested using the hypo-osmotic swelling test. The sperm with swollen twisting tail was normally intact. Sperm acrosomal integrity % was tested as mentioned by Watson. Results: Addition of BHT improved (P<0.01) progressive motility, viability, morphology and acrosome as well as plasma membrane integrities at 0.5-2.0 mM/mL depending upon types of used extenders and stages of pre-and post-freezing process. Higher levels of 2.5 and 3.0 mM/mL BHT had a deteriorating (P<0.01) result if compared to the control and all extenders assayed. Conclusions: BHT addition at lower concentration can improve pre-frozen and post-thawed buffalo sperm quality.

关键词： Butylated hydroxytoulene Lecithin Egg yolk Buffalo semen Cryopreservation

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Recent advances in bird sperm morphometric analysis and its role in male gamete characterization and reproduction technologies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 882-888页

作者： Julian Santiago-Moreno Milagros Cristina Esteso Silvia Villaverde-Morcillo Adolfo Toledano-Diaz Cristina Castafio Rosario Velazquez Antonio Lopez-Sebastian Agustin Lopez Goya Javier Gimeno Martinez Department of Animal Reproduction INIA 28040 Madrid Spain veterinary Clinical and Research services Fieb Foundation 28760 Tres Cantos Madrid Spain FAUNIA 28032 Madrid Spain

Postcopulatory sexual selection through sperm competition may be an important evolutionary force affecting many reproductive traits, including sperm morphometrics. Environmental factors such as pollutants, pesticides, and climate change may affect different sperm traits, and thus reproduction, in sensitive bird species. Many sperm-handling processes used in assisted reproductive techniques may also affect the size of sperm cells. The accurately measured dimensions of sperm cell structures （especially the head） can thus be used as indicators of environmental influences, in improving our understanding of reproductive and evolutionary strategies, and for optimizing assisted reproductive techniques （e.g., sperm cryopreservation） for use with birds. Computer-assisted sperm morphometry analysis （CASA-Morph） provides an accurate and reliable method for assessing sperm morphometry, reducing the problem of subjectivity associated with human visual assessment. Computerized systems have been standardized for use with semen from different mammalian species. Avian spermatozoa, however, are filiform, limiting their analysis with such systems, which were developed to examine the approximately spherical heads of mammalian sperm cells. To help overcome this, the standardization of staining techniques to be used in compute^-assessed light microscopical methods is a priority. The present review discusses these points and describes the sperm morphometric characteristics of several wild and domestic bird species.

关键词： avian computer-assisted assay morphometry spermatozoa

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