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Food nutrition and toxicology targeting on specific organs in the era of single-cell sequencing

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 75-89页

作者： Xiaofei Wang Xiaowen Cheng Huiling Liu Xiaohuan Mu Hao Zheng National Engineering Technology research Center for Fruit and vegetable Processing Key Open Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal ProcessingCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

Due to the complex natures of dietary food components,it is difficult to elucidate how the compounds affect host health.Dietary food often selectively presents its mechanism of action on different cell types,and participates in the modulation of targeted cells and their microenvironments within organs.However,the limitations of traditional in vitro assays or in vivo animal experiments cannot comprehensively examine cellular heterogeneity and the tissue-biased influences.Single-cell RNA sequencing(sc RNA-seq)has emerged as an indispensable methodology to decompose tissues into different cell types for the demonstration of transcriptional profiles of individual cells.Sc RNA-seq applications has been summarized on three typical organs(brain,liver,kidney),and two representative immune-and tumor related health problems.The everincreasing role of sc RNA-seq in dietary food research with further improvement can provide sub-cellular information and the coupling between other cellular modalities.In this review,we propose utilizing sc RNAseq to more effectively capture the subtle and complex effects of food chemicals,and how they may lead to health problems at single-cell resolution.This novel technique will be valuable to elucidate the underlying mechanism of both the health benefits of food nutrients and the detrimental consequences food toxicants at the cellular level.

关键词： Dietary food Cellular heterogeneity Single-cell RNA sequencing Food nutrients Food toxicants

Virus-like nanoparticle vaccines for inducing long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 13-15页

作者： Yi-Nan Zhang Sarah Auclair Jiang Zhu department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology The Scripps Research Institute department of Immunology and Microbiology The Scripps Research Institute

Prophylactic vaccines that can generate long-lasting protective immune responses are needed for many infectious diseases. Efficient vaccination requires vaccine antigens to be retained and presented to B cells in lymp...

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Microstructure and properties of coarse-grained WC-10Co cemented carbides with different carbon contents during heat treatments

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1786-1792页

作者： Yuan-Feng Xie Xing-Cheng Xie Zhong-Wu Li Rui-Jun Cao Zhong-Kun Lin Qing Li Chen-Guang Lin Powder Metallurgy and Special Materials research department General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals

The effects of cryogenic treatment（CT） and tempering-cryogenic treatment（TCT） on the microstructure and properties of coarse-grained WC-10Co cemented carbides with different carbon contents were researched.The binder phase,WC mean grain sizes,W solubility in the binder,relative magnetic s aturation,densities,hardness,wear resistance and second phase precipitation of cemented carbides with different heat treatments were discussed.The results show that there are significant changes of microstructure and properties in the samples with CT and TCT,especially due to the precipitation of metastable nanoparticles WxCoyCzin the binder during the heat treatments of CT and TCT.With the simultaneous combination of microstructure and nanoparticle-reinforced binder,a dramatically improved combination of hardness and wear resistance of the samples after TCT has been achieved.

关键词： Cryogenic treatment Tempering Coarse-grained cemented carbide Carbon content Nanoparticle-reinforced binder

Combined Treatment with Bojungikgi-tang(Buzhong Yiqi Decoction) and Riluzole Attenuates Cell Death in TDP-43-Expressing Cells

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第7期30卷 616-622页

作者： Eun Jin Yang department of KM Science research Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine

Objective: To examine the effect of combined treatment with Bojungikgi-tang(BJIGT, Buzhong Yiqi Decoction) and riluzole(RZ) in transactive response DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43) stress granule(SG) cells, a amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) cell line using transcriptomic and molecular techniques. Methods: TDP-43 SG cells were pretreated with BJIGT(100 μg/mL), RZ(50 μmol/L), and combined BJIGT(100 μg/mL)/RZ(50 μmol/L) for 6 h before treatment with lipopolysaccharide(LPS, 200 μmol/L). Cell viability assay was performed to elucidate cell toxicity in TDP-43 SC cells using a cell-counting kit-8(CCK8) assay kit. The expression levels of cell death-related proteins, including Bax, caspase 1, cleaved caspase 3 and DJ1 in TDP-43 SG cells were examined by Western blot analysis. The autophagy-related proteins, including pmTOR/mTOR, LC3b, P62, ATG7 and Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3(Bag3) were investigated using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. Results: Cell viability assay and Western blot analysis showed that combined treatment with BJIGT and RZ suppressed LPS-induced cell death and expression of cell death-related proteins, including Bax, caspase 1, and DJ1(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays showed that combined treatment with BJIGT and RZ reduced LPS-induced formation of TDP-43 aggregates and regulated autophagy-related protein levels, including p62, light chain 3b, Bag3, and ATG7, in TDP-43-expressing cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: The combined treatment of BJIGT and RZ might reduce inflammation and regulate autophagy dysfunction in TDP-43-induced ALS.

关键词： Bojungikgi-tang Buzhong Yiqi Decoction transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 autophagy oxidative stress amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of PgSQE08-01 Gene in Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第2期93卷 313-327页

作者： Lei Zhu Lihe Hou Yu Zhang Yang Jiang Yi Wang Meiping Zhang Mingzhu Zhao Kangyu Wang College of Life Science Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China Jilin Engineering research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization Changchun130118China Jilin Academy of vegetable and Flower Sciences Changchun130033China

Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but also controlled by a variety of structural genes.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanism underlying ginsenoside biosynthesis has always been a topic in the discussion of ginseng secondary metabolites.Squalene epoxidase(SQE)is a key enzyme in the mevalonic acid pathway,which affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoid.Using ginseng transcriptome,expression,and ginsenoside content databases,this study employed bioinformatic methods to systematically analyze the genes encoding SQE in ginseng.We first selected six PgSQE candidates that were closely involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and then identified PgSQE08-01 to be highly associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis.Next,we constructed the overexpression vector pCAMBIA3301-PgSQE08-01 and the RNAi vector pART27-PgSQE08-01 and transformed ginseng adventitious roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes,to obtain positive hairy-root clones.Thereafter,quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the expression of relevant genes and ginsenoside content,respectively.Then,we focused on the function of PgSQE08-01 gene,which was noted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.Thus,these findings not only provided a molecular basis for the identification of important functional genes in ginseng but also enriched genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using synthetic biology.

关键词： Panax ginseng pgSQE08-01 gene squalene epoxidase ginsenoside ginseng hairy roots

Comparative study between three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts for antimicrobial applications

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 594-605页

作者： Mohamed S.Selim Ahmed M.Azzam Mohamed A.Shenashen Shimaa A.Higazy Bayaumy B.Mostafa Sherif A.El-Safty National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS) 1-2-1 SengenTsukuba-ShiIbaraki-Ken 305-0047Japan Petroleum Application department Egyptian Petroleum Research InstituteNasr City 11727Egypt department of Environmental research Theodor Bilharz Research InstituteGizaEgypt

The design of nanostructured materials occupies a privileged position in the development and management of affordable and effective technology in the antibacterial sector.Here,we discuss the antimicrobial properties of three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts materials of graphene oxide(GO),reduced graphene oxide(RGO),and single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)that have a mechano-bactericidal effect,and the ability to piercing or slicing bacterial membranes.To demonstrate the significance of size,morphology and composition on the antibacterial activity mechanism,the designed nanomaterials have been characterized.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),standard agar well diffusion,and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial activity of GO,RGO,and SWCNTs.Based on the evidence obtained,the three carbonaceous materials exhibit activity against all microbial strains tested by completely encapsulating bacterial cells and causing morphological disruption by degrading the microbial cell membrane in the order of RGO>GO>SWCNTs.Because of the external cell wall structure and outer membrane proteins,the synthesized carbonaceous nanomaterials exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains than Gram-negative and fungal microorganisms.RGO had the lowest MIC values(0.062,0.125,and 0.25 mg/mL against B.subtilis,S.aureus,and E.coli,respectively),as well as minimum fungal concentrations(0.5 mg/mL for both A.fumigatus and C.albicans).At 12 hr,the cell viability values against tested microbial strains were completely suppressed.Cell lysis and death occurred as a result of severe membrane damage caused by microorganisms perched on RGO nanoblades.Our work gives an insight into the design of effective graphene-based antimicrobial materials for water treatment and remediation.

关键词： Antimicrobial properties Nanoblades Mechano-bactericidal effect RGO nanosheets Gram-positive bacteria Cell viability

Seismic control of multi-degrees-of-freedom structures by vertical mass isolation method using MR dampers

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 503-510页

作者： Mohamad Shahrokh Abdi Masoud Nekooei Mohammad-Ali Jafari department of Civil Engineering Marivan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityMarivan ***Iran department of Civil Engineering Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehran ***Iran Structural department of Transmission and Distribution research Center Niroo Research Institute(NRI)Tehran ***Iran

Vertical mass isolation(VMI)is one of the novel methods for the seismic control of structures.In this method,the entire structure is assumed to consist of two mass and stiffness subsystems,and an isolated layer is located among them.In this study,the magnetorheological damper in three modes:passive-off,passive-on,and semi-active mode with variable voltage between zero and 9 volts was used as an isolated layer between two subsystems.Multi-degrees-of-freedom structures with 5,10,and 15 floors in two dimensions were examined under 11 pairs of near field earthquakes.On each level,the displacement of MR dampers was taken into account.The responses of maximum displacement,maximum inter-story drift,and maximum base shear in controlled and uncontrolled buildings were compared to assess the suggested approach for seismic control of the structures.According to the results,the semi-active control method can reduce the response by more than 12%compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum displacement of the mass subsystem of the structures.This method can reduce more than 16%and 20%of the responses compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum inter-story drift and base shear of the structure,respectively.

关键词： seismic control vertical mass isolation base shear magnetorheological damper semi-active control

Damping capacity of Fe_(83)Ga_(17) magnetostrictive alloy under magnetic field

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 402-409页

作者： Shao-Wen Yan Xing Mu Bing-Jie Liu Li-Hong Xu Shi-Hai Guo Yan Qi Hong-Ping Zhang department of Functional Material research Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing 100081China

The damping performance of Fe_(83)Ga_(17) alloys has been investigated in the static magnetic field (H). The results demonstrate that the damping peak value can be adjusted between 0.020 and 0.085 under the magnetic f... 详细信息

关键词： alloy magnetic alloys

Does topical vancomycin prevent fracture-related infections in closed fractures undergoing open reduction and internal fixation?A randomised controlled trial

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第2期27卷 71-76页

作者： Mohit Gandhi Gopisankar Balaji Jagdish Menon Ruben Raj Thomas department of Orthopaedics Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia department of Preventive and Social Medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherryIndia

Purpose:The role of topical vancomycin in fracture-related infection(FRI)is debatable.Very few studies have reported their efficacy in open and high-risk extremity fractures.This study aimed to assess topical vancomycin's role in reducing FRI in closed fractures undergoing open surgical intervention with an implant.Methods:This prospective randomized cohort study was carried out between February 2021 to January 2022.Patients with isolated closed fractures,who were planned for open reduction and internal fixation within 2 weeks from the time of injury were included for this study.The data collected included age,gender,socioeconomic status,mechanism of injury,diagnosis,Tscherne classification,and time interval to take up for surgery.Patients were randomized into the intervention and control groups using the block randomization technique.The control group received only systemic antibiotic prophylaxis,whereas the intervention group received topical application of vancomycin powder in the surgical wound alongside systemic antibiotic prophylaxis.The primary outcome measure was the incidence of FRI among these individuals.Clinical and radiological findings and culture reports(in cases with infection)were recorded during the post-operative period and at 6 weeks of follow-up.All relevant statistical calculations were done using STATA statistical/data analysis-parallel edition version 16.0(StataCorp LLC).The quantitative variables like age and duration of the surgery were assessed for normalcy by Shapiro-Wilk W test.An independent samples t-test with equal variances was applied to the age data.Fisher's exact test was used for the analysis of the primary outcome measure(presence of FRI following surgery),and"Risk of FRI"and"Risk difference"between the 2 groups was calculated.The strength of the association between qualitative variables was assessed using the Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests,respectively.Results:There were 88 patients included in this study.No statistical significance was found about FRI between both grou

关键词： Infections Antibiotics Vancomycin Fractures