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Mapping the high burden areas of cholera in Nepal for potential use of oral cholera vaccine: An analysis of data from publications and routine surveillance systems

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第3期13卷 107-114页

作者： Chulwoo Rhee Birendra Prasad Gupta Bibek Kumar Lal Jacqueline Kyungah Lim TAnh Wartel JuliaLynch Sushant Sahastrabuddhe International vaccine Institute(IVI) SeoulRepublic of Korea epidemiology and Disease Control Division Department of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and PopulationKathmanduNepal

Objective:To assess the extent of existing published evidence on cholera and to characterize the epidemiologic data of cholera in ***:We conducted a literature scoping review by summarizing published literature reporting on cholera in Nepal from January 1946 to March 2019 in online databases:MEDLINE,Embase,Cochrane,and Global ***,we reviewed national surveillance data on clinically diagnosed and laboratory confirmed cholera reported by the Ministry of Health and ***:Most of the published studies were conducted predominantly in Kathmandu Valley during the rainy season;however,outbreaks have been reported in other parts of Nepal including Terai,Hilly and Mountain *** literature review exhibited that all age groups were affected by cholera,but particularly children and young adults were at-risk age groups in *** cholerae serogroup O1,biotype El Tor,serotype Ogawa has been predominantly isolated with an emergence of resistant strains since *** mass vaccination campaigns using oral cholera vaccines were conducted:Rautahat district in 2014 and Banke district in ***:Capacity building for a nation wide systematic cholera surveillance with rapid and reliable diagnosis is needed to better estimate the burden of cholera and identify geographically at-risk areas associated with the disease in *** is essential for developing an adequate policy on oral cholera vaccine introduction and effective water,sanitation and hygiene interventions.

关键词： Cholera Outbreak Oral cholera vaccine Surveillance Nepal

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Large-scale frequent testing and tracing to supplement control of Covid-19 and vaccination rollout constrained by supply

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 955-974页

作者： Lia Humphrey Edward W.Thommes Roie Fields Laurent Coudeville Naseem Hakim Ayman Chit Jianhong Wu Monica G.Cojocaru Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada vaccine epidemiology and modeling Sanofi PasteurCanada Founder ***Canada Sanofi Pasteur&Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy University of TorontoCanada Department of Mathematics and Statistics York UniversityCanada

Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPI)were implemented all around the world in the fight against COVID-19:Social distancing,shelter-in-place,mask wearing,*** mitigate transmission,together with testing and contact-tracing to identify,isolate and treat the *** majority of countries have relied on the former measures,followed by a ramping up of their testing and tracing *** present here the cases of South Korea,Italy,Canada and the United States,as a look back to lessons that can be drawn for controlling the pandemic,specifically through the means of testing and *** fitting a disease transmission model to daily case report data in each of the four countries,we first show that their combination of social-distancing and testing/tracing have had a significant impact on the evolution of their first wave of pandemic *** then consider the hypothetical scenario where the only NPI measures implemented past the first pandemic wave consisted of isolating individuals due to repeated,country-scale testing and contact tracing,as a mean of lifting social distancing measures without a resurgence of *** give estimates on the average isolation rates needed to occur in each *** find that testing and tracing each individual of a country,on average,every 4.5 days(South Korea),5.7 days(Canada),6 days(Italy)and 3.5 days(US),would have been sufficient to mitigate their second pandemic *** also considered the situation in Canada to see how a frequent large-scale asymptomatic testing and contact tracing could have been used in combination with vaccination rollout to reduce the infection in the *** could offer an alternative approach towards preventing and controlling an outbreak when vaccine supply is limited,while testing capacity has been increasingly enhanced.

关键词： Pandemic modelling Pandemic evolution scenarios Testing frequency policy modelling

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Immunological surrogate endpoints of COVID-2019 vaccines:the evidence we have versus the evidence we need

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第3期6卷 565-570页

作者： Pengfei Jin Jingxin Li Hongxing Pan Yanfei Wu Fengcai Zhu Department of vaccine Clinical Evaluation Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjingChina NHC Key laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology NanjingChina Department of epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina

lIn response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)pandemic,over 200 vaccine candidates againstcoronavirus disease 2019(COVID-2019)are under development and currently moving forward at an unparalleled *** of surrogate endpoints would help to avoid large-scale filed efficacy trials and facilitate the approval of vaccine candidates,which is crucial to control COVID-19 *** phase 3 efficacy trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidates are underway,which provide opportunities for the determination of COVID-19 correlates of *** this paper,we review currentknowledge for existence of COVD-19 correlates of protection,methods for assessment of immune correlates of protection andissues related to COVID-19 correlates of protection.

关键词： endpoint moving approval

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Social network analysis and modeling of cellphone-based syndromic surveillance data for ebola in Sierra Leone

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第9期9卷 829-833页

作者： Jia B Kangbai Department of epidemiology College of Public Health University of Kentucky

Objective:To explore and visualize the connectivity of suspected Ebola cases and surveillance callers who used cellphone technology in Moyamba District in Sierra Leone for Ebola surveillance,and to examine the demographic differences and characteristics of Ebola surveillance callers who make more calls as well as those callers who are more likely to make at least one positive Ebola ***:Surveillance data for 393 suspected Ebola cases(192 males,201 females) were collected from October 23,2014 to June 28,2015 using cellphone *** and Net Draw software were used to explore and visualize the social connectivity between callers and suspected Ebola *** and logistic regression analyses were used to do multivariable ***:The entire social network was comprised of 393 ties and 745 ***(AOR=0.33,95% CI [0.14,0.81]) were associated with decreased odds of making at least one positive Ebola surveillance call compared to ***(IR= 0.63,95% CI [0.49,0.82]) were also associated with making fewer Ebola surveillance calls compared to ***:Social network visualization can analyze syndromic surveillance data for Ebola collected by cellphone technology with unique insights.

关键词： Ebola Syndromic Surveillance Social network Analysis Cellphone Outdegree Centrality

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Eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HBV:progress and challenges in China

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Frontiers of Medicine 2020年第1期14卷 21-29页

作者： Wenzhan Jing Jue Liu Min Liu Department of epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

China has the world’s largest burden of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection,but the country has made considerable progress in preventing its mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)in the past three *** feat is made possible due to the high coverage of birth-dose hepatitis B vaccine(HepB,>95%),hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)screening for pregnant women(>99%),and hepatitis B immunoglobulin plus HepB for newborns whose mothers are HBsAg positive(>99%).Studies on the optimal antiviral treatment regimen for pregnant women with high HBV-DNA load have also been ***,China still faces challenges in eliminating MTCTof *** overall HBsAg prevalence among pregnant women is considered an intermediate *** prevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women from remote,rural,or ethnic minority areas is higher than that of the national level because of limited health resources and public health education for *** coverage for maternal and child healthcare and immunization services should be improved,especially in western *** of current services to prevent MTCTof HBV with other relevant health services can increase the acceptability,efficiency,and coverage of these services,particularly in remote areas and ethnic minority *** doing so,progress toward key milestones and targets to eliminate hepatitis B as the main public health threat by 2030 can be achieved.

关键词： hepatitis B virus mother-to-child transmission progress challenge

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Global Trends and Regional Differences in Hepatitis C Virus Infection Prevalence and Implications for Prevention--Worldwide,1990−2017

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China CDC weekly 2020年第30期2卷 564-569,I0001-I0004页

作者： Wenzhan Jing Jue Liu Min Liu Department of epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina

What is already known on this topic?The global prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in 2015 has been modeled to assess the disease burden in 21 Global Burden of Disease(GBD)***,there is no study to clarify the global long-term trends and regional differences in HCV infection *** is added by this report?This report clarified the global temporal trends and regional differences in HCV infection *** HCV infection age-standardized prevalence rate(ASR)gradually decreased from 1990 to 2017 except in Eastern Europe,and liver cancer due to hepatitis C ASR increased worldwide with drastic shifts in lowmiddle Socio-Demographic Index(SDI)regions in the last *** are the implications for public health practice?HCV is still prevalent worldwide despite the development of highly effective direct-acting antivirals(DAAs)and showed a reemergence concurrent with the opioid *** infection prevention might involve at least 3 aspects:first,prohibiting HCV widespread transmission among general populations;second,increasing global DAAs coverage;and third,continuously investing in the development of the HCV vaccine.

关键词： prevalence prevention Eastern

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Associations of diet with infectious diseases in UK Biobank

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Journal of Biomedical Research 2024年第6期38卷 597-612页

作者： Junlan Tu Xuehong Cai Yifan Wang Xiangyu Ye Meijie Yu Sheng Yang Rongbin Yu Peng Huang Department of epidemiology Center for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNational Vaccine Innovation PlatformNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China Department of Infectious Disease Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityJurongJiangsu 212400China Department of Biostatistics Center for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNational Vaccine Innovation PlatformNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China

The current study used multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between the intake frequencies of 13 food groups(or four diet groups)and infectious *** analysis included 487849 participants from the UK Biobank,with 75209 participants diagnosed with infectious *** reporting the highest intake frequency of processed meat(odds ratio[OR]=1.0964,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.0622–1.1318)and red meat(OR=1.0895,95%CI:1.0563–1.1239)had a higher risk of infectious diseases,compared with those with the lowest intake *** fish 2.0–2.9 times(OR=0.8221,95%CI:0.7955–0.8496),cheese≥5.0 times(OR=0.8822,95%CI:0.8559–0.9092),fruit 3.0–3.9 servings(OR=0.8867,95%CI:0.8661–0.9078),and vegetables 2.0–2.9 servings(OR=0.9372,95%CI:0.9189–0.9559)per week were associated with a lower risk of *** meat-eaters(OR=0.9404,95%CI:0.9243–0.9567),fish-eaters(OR=0.8391,95%CI:0.7887–0.8919),and vegetarians(OR=0.9154,95%CI:0.8561–0.9778)had a lower risk of infectious diseases,compared with regular *** mediation analysis revealed that glycosylated hemoglobin,white blood cell count,and body mass index served as the mediators in the associations between diet and infectious *** current study indicates that the intake frequency of food groups is a risk factor for infectious diseases,and fish-eaters have a lower risk of infection.

关键词： infectious diseases diet food groups UK Biobank mediation analysis

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Survival rate and the determinants of progression from HIV to AIDS and from AIDS to the death in Iran: 1987 to 2016

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第2期12卷 72-78页

作者： Mohammad Mirzaei Maryam Farhadian Jalal Poorolajal Parvin Afsar Kazerooni Katayoun Tayeri Younes Mohammadi Department of epidemiology School of Public Health Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Research Center for Health Sciences Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health Hamadan University of Medical Sciences modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Hamadan University of Medical Sciences HIV/AIDS Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Iranian Research Center of HIV&AIDS Tehran University of Medical Sciences Social Determinants of Health Research Center School of Public Health Hamadan University of Medical Sciences

Objective: To examine the prognostic factors of progression from HIV to AIDS and AIDS to the death in people living with HIV/AIDS in ***: In this registry-based retrospective cohort study, we recruited 28 873 HIV-infected people from 158 Behavioral Diseases Counseling Centers of *** outcomes of interest included survival rates from HIV diagnosis to AIDS and from AIDS to the *** used Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression model to investigate survival rate and factors affecting on survival controlling effect of confounding ***: The one, three, five, and ten-year survival rate from HIV to AIDS were 85%, 73%, 61% and 32%, and for AIDS to death were 90%, 81%, 74% and 55%, *** Cox regression analysis indicated that the risk of progression from AIDS phase toward death in individuals with CD4 less than 200/mm^3, infected with tuberculosis(TB) and not treated by antiretroviral therapy(ART) was 2.17(95% CI: 1.62-2.90), 1.49(95% CI: 1.01-2.20) and 4.88(95% CI: 3.42-6.96) times higher *** risk of progression to AIDS in patients with baseline CD4 less than 200/mm^3 was 2.32(95% CI: 2.14, 2.51) times higher than patients with CD4 > 200/mm^3(P=0.001).On the other hand, tuberculosis increases the risk of death by 49.0%(P=0.04).The hazard ratio of death in patients who did not receive ART was 4.88(95% CI: 3.42, 6.96) times higher than patients who received ART(P<0.001).Conclusion: The early detection of HIV, the screening and treatment of TB and receiving the ART improve the survival of HIV/AIDS patients significantly, and prevent the transmission of HIV to other people.

关键词： HIV/AIDS Prognostic factor Survival time Tuberculosis Cohort study

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Montanide ISA-720 and Naloxone in HBsAg vaccine Formulation:Cytokine Profiling and Monitoring of Long-Lasting Humoral Immune Responses

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第9期35卷 792-803页

作者： Mina Mirzaee Setareh Haghighat Bahareh Golkaran Fatemeh Asgarhalvaei Rayhaneh Mirzaee Morteza Taghizadeh Mohammad Ali Savoji Behzad Esfandiari Mehdi Mahdavi Department of Microbiology Faculty of Advanced Sciences&TechnologyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad University(IAUPS)TehranIran Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Advanced Sciences&TechnologyPharmaceutical Sciences BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehran-Iran(IAUPS) Department of Medical vaccine Razi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteAgricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization(AREEO)KarajIran Department of epidemiology and Biostatistics Pasteur Institute of IranTehranIran Department of Laboratory Animal Science Pasteur Institute of IranKarajIran Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product(ATMP)Department Breast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteAcademic Center for EducationCulture and Research(ACECR)TehranIran Recombinant vaccine Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Immunology Pasteur Institute of IranTehranIran Immunotherapy Group The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences(TIPS)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of Montanide ISA-720 and Naloxone(NLX)in Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)vaccine formulation on cytokine and long-lasting antibody *** First,the HBsAg was formulated in Montanide ISA-720 adjuvant and Naloxone at 5 and 10mg/*** experimental mice were immunized three times at a 2-week interval,and then IL-4,IL-2,TNF-α,and IFN-γcytokines;long-lasting IgG antibody responses 220 days after the last shot;and IgG1/IgG2a isotypes were assessed by *** The HBsAg-Alum group exhibited the highest IL-4 cytokine response among the experimental groups,whereas NLX in HBsAg-MON720 vaccine formulation did not affect cytokine *** addition,NLX in Alum-based vaccine suppressed IL-4 cytokine response and increased the IL-2/IL-4 cytokine ***,HBsAg-MON720 was more potent than HBsAg-Alum in the induction of antibody responses,and NLX in Alum-and MON720-based vaccines induced long-lasting antibody *** NLX in Alum-based vaccine decreased IL-4 cytokine response,increased IL-2/IL-4 cytokine ratio,and improved long-lasting humoral immune responses in both vaccine ***,the adjuvant activity of NLX in the vaccine formulation depends on the type of adjuvant and the nature of the antigen in the vaccine formulation.

关键词： HBsAg vaccine Naloxone Montanide ISA-720 Long-lasting humoral response

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Prevalence and risk factors of avian influenza H9N2 among backyard birds in Iran in 2015

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第12期12卷 559-564页

作者： Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi Arash Ghalyanchilangeroudi Mohammad Hasan Rabiee Farshad Tehrani Razi vaccine and Serum Research Institute Agricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization(AREEO)TehranIran Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran Division of epidemiology&Zoonosis Department of Food Hygiene&Quality ControlFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran Department of Health and Management of Poultry Diseases Iranian Veterinary OrganizationTehranIran

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and the risk factors of H9 N2 avian influenza among backyard birds in Iran between October and November 2015. Methods: In this study, a total of 15 500 blood samples and 2 884 cloacal swab samples of backyard birds were collected in villages of Iran between October and November 2015. Then, serum samples were examined with the hemagluttination inhibition test and cloacal swab samples were pooled together and examined by RT-PCR. The samples that had serological titer ≥ 4(log2) and villages that had at least one seropositive sample were considered ***: Out of 559 villages, 526(94.10%) were seropositive for the infection. Among 15 500 serum samples, 7 468(48.18%) samples were seropositive for the infection. The seroprevalence according to species was 54.02% among chickens, 17.59 % among ducks, 18.73% among turkeys, 84.21% among pigeons and 12.15% among ostriches, partridges and pheasants. Based on molecular test, 3.04% villages were positive. The seroprevalence in hot and humid area was less than that in cold and humid area(P<0.05).Conclusions: H9 N2 avian influenza has high seroprevalence among backyard birds of Iran. Therefore, preventive measures such as biosecurity Practices and monitoring should be applied to reduce the prevalence.

关键词： Influenza H9N2 Iran Backyard birds

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