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Tissue-resident T cells lose their SIP_1 exit visas

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第3期11卷 221-223页

作者： Allan J Zajac Laurie E Harrington Department of Microbiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 United States Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL. 35294 United States

CD8 T cells play critical roles in controlling intracellular pathogensand tumors. To accomplish this the small number of antigen-inexperienced naive CD8 T cells that are capable of recognizing the antigen of interest must first become primed. These initial activaion events occur while the responding T cells are sequestered within lymph nodes, but many of the cells subsequently egress into the periphery and migrate into other organs where they can fulfill their principle mission of identifying and eliminating infected or malignant target cells.

关键词： Tissue-resident S1P_1 exit visas the departure

Contaminated open fracture and crush injury: a murine model

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Bone Research 2015年第1期3卷 31-39页

作者： Shawn R Gilbert Justin Camara Richard Camara Lynn Duffy Ken Waites Hyunki Kim Kurt Zinn Department of Surgery University of Alabama at Birmingham AL USA Loma Linda School of Medicine Loma LindaCAUSA Departments of Pathology University of Alabama at BirminghamAL USA Department of Radiology University of Alabama at BirminghamAL USA

Modern warfare has caused a large number of severe extremity injuries, many of which become infected. In more recent conflicts, a pattern of co-infection with Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has emerged. We attempted to recreate this pattern in an animal model to evaluate the role of vascularity in contaminated open fractures. Historically, it has been observed that infected bones frequently appear hypovascular, but vascularity in association with bone infection has not been examined in animal models. Adult rats underwent femur fracture and muscle crush injury followed by stabilization and bacterial contamination with A. baumannii complex and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus *** and perfusion were assessed by micro CT angiography and SPECT scanning, respectively, at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after injury. Quantitative bacterial cultures were also obtained. Multi-bacterial infections were successfully created, with methicillin-resistant S. aureus predominating. There was overall increase in blood flow to injured limbs that was markedly greater in bacteria-inoculated limbs. Vessel volume was greater in the infected group. Quadriceps atrophy was seen in both groups, but was greater in the infected group. In this animal model, infected open fractures had greater perfusion and vascularity than non-infected limbs.

关键词： MRSA Contaminated open fracture and crush injury a murine model

Model systems to study the life cycle of human papillomaviruses and HPV-associated cancers

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第2期30卷 92-100页

作者： Louise T.Chow Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of alabama at birmingham Birmingham 35294-0005 USA

The prevalent human papillomaviruses(HPVs) infect either cutaneous or mucosal epithelium. Active Infections lead to epithelial hyperprolifeation and are usually cleared in healthy individuals within a year. Persistent infections in the anogenital tracts by certain high-risk genotypes such as HPV-16, HPV-18 and closely related types, can progress to high grade dysplasias and carcinomas in women and men, including cervical, vulva, penile and anal cancers. A significant fraction of the head and neck cancers are also caused by HPV-16. The viral oncogenes responsible for neoplastic conversion are E6 and E7 that disrupt the pathways controlled by the two major tumor suppressor genes, p53 and members of p RB family. Because HPV cannot be propagated in conventional submerged monolayer cell cultures, organotypic epithelial raft cultures that generate a stratified and differentiated epithelium have been used to study the viral life cycle. This article describes several systems to examine aspects of the viral productive phase, along with the advantages and limitations. Animal model systems of HPV carcinogenesis are also briefly described.

关键词： human papillomaviruses(HPVs) productive program HPV-associated cancers model systems

CARDIOVASCULAR CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1992年第5期105卷 360-363页

作者： HP Dustan University of alabama School of Medicine Birmingham AL

Obesity is common in populations that areovernourished and can become a significant publichealth *** predisposes to non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus,hypertension,dyslipidemia,cholelithiasis,some malignancies *** consequences that most directlyaffect the cardiovascular system are dyslipidemia *** in which obesity is rare shouldlearn from the experience of the countries where it isprevalent,that prevention of obesity is a public healthmeasure rather than weight reduction.

关键词： PLASMA-RENIN ACTIVITY BLOOD-PRESSURE WEIGHT-REDUCTION HYPERTENSION OVERWEIGHT VOLUME SODIUM

Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells promote breast cancer growth in bone in a murine xenograft model

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第3期30卷 189-196页

作者： Thomas M. Bodenstine Benjamin H. Beck Xuemei Cao Leah M. Cook Aimen Ismail J. Kent Powers Andrea M. Mastro Danny R. Welch Department of Pathology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA National Foundation for Cancer Research-Center for Metastasis Research University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Department of Pharmacology/ Toxicology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA Cell Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA Center for Metabolic Bone Disease University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA.

The bones are the most common sites of breast cancer metastasis. Upon arrival within the bone microenvironment, breast cancer cells coordinate the activities of stromal cells, resulting in an increase in osteoclast activity and bone matrix degradation. In late stages of bone metastasis, breast cancer cells induce apoptosis in osteoblasts, which further exacerbates bone loss. However, in early stages, breast cancer cells induce osteoblasts to secrete inflammatory cytokines purported to drive tumor progression. To more thoroughly evaluate the role of osteoblasts in early stages of breast cancer metastasis to the bones, we used green fluorescent protein-labeled human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435, which both induce osteolysis after intra-femoral injection in athymic mice, and the murine pre-osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 to modulate osteoblast populations at the sites of breast cancer metastasis. Breast cancer cells were injected directly into the femur with or without equal numbers of MC3T3-E1 cells. Tumors grew significantly larger when co-injected with breast cancer cells and MC3T3-E1 cells than injected with breast cancer cells alone. Osteolysis was induced in both groups, indicating that MC3T3-E1 cells did not block the ability of breast cancer cells to cause bone destruction. MC3T3-E1 cells promoted tumor growth out of the bone into the extraosseous stroma. These data suggest that breast cancer cells and osteoblasts communicate during early stages of bone metastasis and promote tumor growth.

关键词：乳腺癌细胞成骨细胞肿瘤生长小鼠绿色荧光蛋白标记模型移植早期阶段

Subclinical Indication of Linkage Between Markers of Skeletal and Cardiovascular Properties

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Bone Research 2013年第3期1卷 291-297页

作者： Lynae J.Hanks Ambika P.Ashraf Barbara A.Gower Jessica A.Alvarez Krista Casazza Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at BirminghamAlabama USA Children's of alabama University of Alabama at BirminghamAlabama USA Division of Endocrinology Diabetes & Lipids Emory University School of MedicineGeorgia USA

Little is known about early coincidental changes in bone and vascular properties, particularly in the context of skeletal anabolism （puberty） versus relative equilibrium （young adulthood）. We aimed to determine if subclinical markers of vascular function were associated with bone mineral content （BMC） and to evaluate the contribution of systemic factors in healthy females ages 14-42 years. Endothelial function was assessed by flow mediated dilatation （FMD）, arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity （PWV） and augmentation index （AIx）, blood pressure （BP） by sphygmomanometer, BMC by DXA, and systemic factors by fasting blood draw. General linear models controlled for age, race and height indicated a positive association between systolic BP （SBP） and BMC independent of systemic factors. When stratified by age using 19 years as a cut-point, there was an inverse relationship between AIx75 in adolescents with insulin （P〈0.10） or inflammatory markers （P〈0.10） in statistical models. Conversely, there was a positive relationship between BMC and both PWV and AIx75 in young adults （P〈0.05）. The link between bone and the vasculature may be life stage-dependent. In the context of a less dynamic microenvironment in young adult females, metabolic factors appear to moderate less of an effect of hemodynamic properties on the skeleton relative to adolescents.

关键词： bone mineral content endothelial function arterial stiffness systolic blood pressure

Quantifying Operational Impacts of Variations in Work Zone Setups, Traffic Demand, and Traffic Composition: A Case Study

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2023年第1期13卷 18-37页

作者： A B M Tausif Ullah Chy Virginia P. Sisiopiku Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham USA

The presence of work zones due to pavement repair and rehabilitation is very common in highway facilities. Lane closures associated with work zones result in capacity reduction, which, in turn, often leads to increased congestion at such locations. This paper documents findings from a study that investigated the performance of freeway facilities in the presence of work zones under various Temporary Traffic Control (TTC) and lane closure scenarios while taking under consideration traffic composition and driving behaviors. The study site was an approximately 10-mile freeway segment of Interstate 65 (I-65) located in birmingham, AL. The testbed was coded in PTV VISSIM, a microscopic simulation analysis platform, for: 1) baseline conditions (i.e., no work zone presence) and 2) work zone conditions with single lane closure (i.e., 3-to-2 lane closure). Work zone scenarios were coded for two TTC strategies, namely, early merge and late merge control and for three different positions of the lane closure (i.e., left, right, and center lane closures). The length of the work zones varied from 1000 to 2000, and 3000 ft. Sensitivity analysis was performed to document the operational impacts of varying heavy vehicle percentages, changes in drivers’ aggressiveness, and projected traffic demand changes. The impacts were quantified using linked-based measures of effectiveness (MOEs) such as travel time, and travel time index. The study results show that there is no significant change in travel time index due to the variation of work zone length across the study corridor. Under similar traffic control and demand conditions, a center lane closure consistently results in significantly higher travel time index than a left or right lane closure and should be avoided. Consideration of operational impacts of changes in truck percentage indicates that the corridor can absorb an increase in truck percentage from 10% to 15%, while performance rapidly deteriorates when a higher percentage of t

关键词： Work Zone Placement Late Merge Control PTV VISSIM

Impact of vitamin D on the hospitalization rate of Crohn's disease patients seen at a tertiary care center

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第14期23卷 2539-2544页

作者： Krishna VR Venkata Sumant S Arora Feng-Long Xie Talha A Malik Department of Internal Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Montgomery Health Center Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology University of Alabama at Birmingham

AIM To study the association between vitamin D level and hospitalization rate in Crohn's disease(CD) *** We designed a retrospective cohort study using adult patients(> 19 years) with CD followed for at least one year at our inflammatory bowel disease center. Vitamin D levels were divided into: low mean vitamin D level(< 30 ng/m L) vs appropriate mean vitamin D level(30-100 ng/m L). Generalized Poisson Regression Models(GPR) for Rate Data were used to estimate partially adjusted and fully adjusted incidence rate ratios(IRR) of hospitalization among CD patients. We also examined IRRs for vitamin D level as a continuous *** Of the 880 CD patients, 196 patients with vitamin D level during the observation period were included. Partially adjusted model demonstrated that CD patients with a low mean vitamin D level were almost twice more likely to be admitted(IRR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.38-2.24) compared to those with an appropriate vitamin D level. The fully adjusted model confirmed this association(IRR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.11-1.87). Partially adjusted model with vitamin D level as a continuous variable demonstrated,higher mean vitamin D level was associated with a 3% lower likelihood of admission with every unit(ng/m L) rise in mean vitamin D level(IRR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.96-0.98). The fully adjusted model confirmed this association(IRR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.97-0.99). CONCLUSION Normal or adequate vitamin D stores may be protective in the clinical course of CD. However, this role needs to be further characterized and understood.

关键词： Crohns 疾病维生素 D 维生素 D 缺乏住院率煽动性的肠疾病

Malakoplakia: Rare Disorder with No Significant Racial Prevalence

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Open Journal of Pathology 2023年第3期13卷 146-152页

作者： Rong Chen Raheel Ahmed Cristina Magi-Galluzzi Chirag R. Patel Sameer Al Diffalha Department of Pathology University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Birmingham Alabama USA Department of Pathology Mayo Clinic Hospital Phoenix Arizona USA

Introduction: Malakoplakia is a rare acquired granulomatous inflammatory condition. Microscopically it is characterized by sheets of histiocytes with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm (known as von Hansemann cells) with intracytoplasmic rounded concentric basophilic inclusions (Michelis-Guttmann bodies). We reviewed all cases of malakoplakia diagnosed at our institution in the past 15 years, including clinical, macroscopic, and microscopic features as well as treatment and prognosis. Methods: Gross and microscopic features of cases diagnosed as malakoplakia from 2005 to 2019 at our institution were reviewed. Clinical history, including sites of involvement, clinical presentation, imaging, past medical history, treatment, follow-up and prognosis, as well as demographic characteristics were obtained. Results: Eighteen surgical pathology cases of malakoplakia were identified. Most cases occurred in female (14/18, 77.8%) and all in adults (median age 48.5 years;range 31 - 87). Half of the patients were Caucasian, 44% African American and 6% were reported as “other” race. One third (6/18) of patients presented with a mass-like lesion on imaging or endoscopic studies. As to site of lesion, 61.1% (11/18) involved GU tract, 27.8% (5/18) gastrointestinal (GI) tract, 5.6% (1/18) liver, and 5.6% (1/18) vagina. 38.9% of patients (7/18) had antibiotics treatment upon diagnosis. Conclusion: Malakoplakia is a rare disorder occurring in a wide age range, more commonly in females, with no significant racial prevalence. While the GU and GI tracts are the most common sites, other anatomic locations can be involved. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are important to avoid recurrence.

关键词： Malakoplakia Von Hansemann Cells Michelis-Guttmann Bodies