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Exploring the influences of education,intelligence and income on mental disorders

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 64-72页

作者： Ancha Baranova Hongbao Cao Fuquan Zhan George Mason university FairfaxVirginiaUSA Research Centre for Medical Genetics MoscowRussia Nanjing Medical university Affiliated Brain Hospital NanjingZhejiangChina

Background Previous studies have shown that educational attainment(EA),intelligence and income are key factors associated with mental disorders.However,the direct effects of each factor on major mental disorders are unclear.Aims We aimed to evaluate the overall and independent causal effects of the three psychosocial factors on common mental disorders.Methods Using genome-wide association study summary datasets,we performed Mendelian randomisation(MR)and multivariable MR(MVMR)analyses to assess potential associations between the 3 factors(EA,N=766345;household income,N=392422;intelligence,N=146808)and 13 common mental disorders,with sample sizes ranging from 9907 to 807553.Inverse-variance weighting was employed as the main method in the MR analysis.Results Our MR analysis showed that(1)higher EA was a protective factor for eight mental disorders but contributed to anorexia nervosa,obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD),bipolar disorder(BD)and autism spectrum disorder(ASD);(2)higher intelligence was a protective factor for five mental disorders but a risk factor for OCD and ASD;(3)higher household income protected against 10 mental disorders but confers risk for anorexia nervosa.Our MVMR analysis showed that(1)higher EA was a direct protective factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)and insomnia but a direct risk factor for schizophrenia,BD and ASD;(2)higher intelligence was a direct protective factor for schizophrenia but a direct risk factor for major depressive disorder(MDD)and ASD;(3)higher income was a direct protective factor for seven mental disorders,including schizophrenia,BD,MDD,ASD,post-traumatic stress disorder,ADHD and anxiety disorder.Conclusions Our study reveals that education,intelligence and income intertwine with each other.For each factor,its independent effects on mental disorders present a more complex picture than its overall effects.

关键词： protective disorders income

Dissociation cross sections ofψ(3770),ψ(4040),ψ(4160),andψ(4415)mesons with nucleons

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第4期76卷 93-112页

作者： Ruo-Qing Ding Xiao-Ming Xu H J Weber Department of Physics Shanghai UniversityBaoshanShanghai 200444China Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22904United States of America

We study the dissociation ofψ(3770),ψ(4040),ψ(4160),andψ(4415)mesons in collision with nucleons,which takes place in high-energy proton-nucleus collisions.The quark interchange between a nucleon and a meson leads to the dissociation of the meson.We consider the reactions:■,■,■,■,■,■,■,■,■,and■,where R stands forψ(3770),ψ(4040),ψ(4160),orψ(4415).A reaction of a neutron and a meson corresponds to a reaction of a proton and the meson by replacing the up quark with the down quark and vice versa.Transition-amplitude formulas are derived from the S-matrix element.Unpolarized cross sections are calculated with the transition amplitudes for scattering in the prior form and in the post form.The cross sections relate to nodes in the radial wave functions ofψ(3770),ψ(4040),ψ(4160),andψ(4415)mesons.

关键词： inelastic nucleon-charmonium scattering quark interchange relativistic constituent quark potential model

Structural engineered living materials

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 715-733页

作者： Yang Geng Zian Jia Ling Li 635 Prices Fork Road Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburg VA24061USA

Biological structural materials not only exhibit remarkable mechanical properties but also often embody dynamic characteristics such as environmental responsiveness,autonomy,and self-healing,which are difficult to achieve in conventional engineering materials.By merging materials science,synthetic biology,and other disciplines,engineered living materials(ELMs)provide a promising solution to combine living organisms with abiotic components,thus facilitating the construction of functional“living”materials.Like natural materials,ELMs possess vitality and hold immense application potential in areas such as medicine,electronics,and construction,captivating increasing research attention recently.As an emerging branch of ELMs,structural ELMs aim to mimic living biological structural materials by achieving desired mechanical performance while maintaining important“living”characteristics.Here we summarize the recent progress and provide our perspectives for this emerging research area.We first summarize the superiority of structural ELMs by reviewing biological structural materials and biomimetic material design strategies.Subsequently,we provide a systematic discussion on the definition and classifications of structural ELMs,their mechanical performance,and physiological behaviors.Finally,we summarize some critical challenges faced by structural ELMs and highlight directions of future development.We hope this review article can provide a timely summary of the state of the art and relevant perspectives for future development of structural ELMs.

关键词： structural materials engineered living materials(ELMs) structural ELMs composites mechanical properties

The Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)Project in Central Asia:The Case for a Regional Hydroclimate Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 777-783页

作者： Michael BRODY Maksim KULIKOV Sagynbek ORUNBAEV Peter J.VAN OEVELEN International Agricultural university Tashkent 111200Uzbekistan George Mason university FairfaxVirginia 22030USA university of Central Asia Bishkek 720001Kyrgyz Republic American university of Central Asia Bishkek 720060Kyrgyz Republic International GEWEX project George Mason UniversityFairfaxVirginia 22030USA

Central Asia consists of the former Soviet Republics,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyz Republic,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and Uzbekistan.The region’s climate is continental,mostly semi-arid to arid.Agriculture is a significant part of the region’s economy.By its nature of intensive water use,agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change.Population growth and irrigation development have significantly increased the demand for water in the region.Major climate change issues include melting glaciers and a shrinking snowpack,which are the foundation of the region’s water resources,and a changing precipitation regime.Most glaciers are located in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan,leading to transboundary water resource issues.Summer already has extremely high temperatures.Analyses indicate that Central Asia has been warming and precipitation might be increasing.The warming is expected to increase,but its spatial and temporal distribution depends upon specific global scenarios.Projections of future precipitation show significant uncertainties in type,amount,and distribution.Regional Hydroclimate Projects(RHPs)are an approach to studying these issues.Initial steps to develop an RHP began in 2021 with a widely distributed online survey about these climate issues.It was followed up with an online workshop and then,in 2023,an in-person workshop,held in Tashkent,Uzbekistan.Priorities for the Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)project for the region include both observations and modeling,as well as development of better and additional precipitation observations,all of which are topics for the next workshop.A well-designed RHP should lead to reductions in critical climate uncertainties in policy-relevant timeframes that can influence decisions on necessary investments in climate adaptation.

关键词： GEWEX Central Asia climate change agriculture

Monocyte and macrophage function in respiratory viral infections

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 40-47页

作者： Mohd Arish Jie Sun Beirne B.Carter Center for Immunology Research University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22908USA Division of Infectious Disease and International Health Department of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22908USA

Pulmonary macrophages,such as tissue-resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages,are the major macrophages present in the lungs during homeostasis and diseased conditions.While tissue-resident macrophages act as sentinels of the alveolar space and play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and immune regulation,recruited macrophages accumulate in the respiratory tract after acute viral infections.Despite sharing similar anatomical niches,these macrophages are distinct in terms of their origins,surface marker expression,and transcriptional profiles,which impart macrophages with distinguished characteristics in physi-ological and pathophysiological conditions.In this review,we summarize the current view on these macrophage populations,their shared functions,and what makes them distinct from each other in the context of homeostasis andrespiratoryviral infections.

关键词： Alveolar macrophages Interstitial macrophages Monocytes derived macrophages Viral infection IAV RSV SARS-COV-2

Epigenetic modification in liver fibrosis:Promising therapeutic direction with significant challenges ahead

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1009-1029页

作者： Runping Liu Yajing Li Qi Zheng Mingning Ding Huiping Zhou Xiaojiaoyang Li School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 102400China School of Life Sciences Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 102400China Department of Microbiology and Immunology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 22460USA

Liver fibrosis,characterized by scar tissue formation,can ultimately result in liver failure.It’s a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally,often associated with chronic liver diseases like hepatitis or alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.However,current treatment options are limited,highlighting the urgent need for the development of new therapies.As a reversible regulatory mechanism,epigenetic modification is implicated in many biological processes,including liver fibrosis.Exploring the epigenetic mechanisms involved in liver fibrosis could provide valuable insights into developing new treatments for chronic liver diseases,although the current evidence is still controversial.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the regulatory mechanisms and critical targets of epigenetic modifications,including DNA methylation,histone modification,and RNA modification,in liver fibrotic diseases.The potential cooperation of different epigenetic modifications in promoting fibrogenesis was also highlighted.Finally,available agonists or inhibitors regulating these epigenetic mechanisms and their potential application in preventing liver fibrosis were discussed.In summary,elucidating specific druggable epigenetic targets and developing more selective and specific candidate medicines may represent a promising approach with bright prospects for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.

关键词： Liver fibrosis Epigenetics regulation DNA methylation Histone acetylation Histone methylation mRNA methylation Non-coding RNA Drug development

Automated, economical, and environmentally-friendly asphalt mix design based on machine learning and multi-objective grey wolf optimization

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第3期11卷 381-405页

作者： Jian Liu Fangyu Liu Linbing Wang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University School of Environmental CivilAgricultural and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Georgia Illinois Center for Transportation Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

The increasing impact of the greenhouse effect on ecosystems is prompting transportation agencies to seek methods for reducing CO2emissions during pavement construction and maintenance.Additionally,the laboratory mix design process,which involves selecting aggregate gradation and binder content,is time-consuming and labor-intensive.To accelerate the traditional mix design procedure,this study presented a mix design procedure that can automatically determine gradation and binder content based on machine learning （ML） and a meta-heuristic algorithm.Specifically,ML approaches were employed to model the relationship between volumetric properties (mixture bulk specific gravity（Gmb） and air void （VV）) and both mixture component properties and mixture proportion,based on a dataset collected from literature with 660 mixture designs.Integrated with the prediction of ML models and the modified multi-objective grey wolf optimization （MOGWO）algorithm,an automatic asphalt mix design was proposed to pursue three goals,including VV,cost,and CO2emission.The results indicated that least squares support vector regression （LSSVR） and e Xtreme gradient boosting （XGBoost） achieved the highest prediction accuracies （correlation coefficient:0.92 for VV and 0.96 for Gmb）.The MOGWO algorithm successfully found the 26 optimal mix designs for the case of VV vs.cost vs.CO2emission.Compared to the traditional laboratory design,the optimal mixture with VV of4%achieves a cost saving of 2.46%and a reduction of 4.03%in carbon emission.The volumetric properties of the mixtures output by the approach also align closely with values measured in a laboratory.

关键词： Asphalt mix design Machine learning MOGWO CO 2 emission Volumetric properties

Recent Advances on Networked Systems and Intelligent Control--Dedicated to a Visionary Leader:Prof.Lihua Xie's 60th Birthday

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 1-2页

作者： Jie Chen Jie Huang Zongli Lin Tongji university The Chinese university of Hong Kong China university of virginia

It is with great pleasure and admiration that we celebrate the 60th birthday of ProfessorLihua Xie, a distinguished researcher and visionary leader in the field of robust control andestimation. Prof. Xie’s remarkable journey, marked by outstanding achievements and groundbreaking contributions, has left an indelible mark on the world of engineering and academia.

关键词： estimation breaking outstanding

High precision atom-referenced and fully frequency-stabilized soliton microcomb

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 9-9页

作者： Xiangwen Guo Xu Yi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of VirginiaCharlottesville VA 22911USA Department of Physics University of VirginiaCharlottesville VA 22911USA

Optical frequency combs(OFCs)have significant impacts on science and technology since they uniquely establish coherent connections between electrical signals at radio frequencies and optical-rate signals derived from ... 详细信息

关键词： frequency soliton stabilized