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Scalable Membraneless Direct Liquid Fuel Cells Based on a Catalyst-Selective Strategy

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2018年第1期1卷 13-19页

作者： Xingwen Yu Arumugam Manthiram Materials Science&Engineering Program and texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

This perspective presents a membraneless direct liquid fuel cell(DLFC)concept based on a catalyst-selective *** membraneless DLFCs are operated at low temperatures by employing a non-precious cathode catalyst with a high catalytic *** uniqueness is that the inexpensive cathode catalyst only catalyzes the oxygen reduction reaction but does not catalyze the oxidation reaction of a specific ***,during the operation of DLFCs,the liquid fuel can enter the cathode freely without any concern of fuel *** catalyst-selective approach tactfully avoids the use of high-cost or technically unviable ion-exchange polymer membranes in *** catalyst-selective operating principle also overcomes the scalability issue of the traditional laminar-flow membraneless *** a proper management of the anode and cathode catalysts in the cell,a variety of inexpensive,renewable alcohols,and small-molecule organics can be employed as anode *** innovative approach of membraneless alkaline DLFCs offers a great opportunity for the development of inexpensive energy-generation systems for both mobile and stationary *** addition to summarizing the principle and the research progress of the unique membraneless DLFC platform,the challenges and future research directions are presented.

关键词： catalyst uniqueness overcome

Conundrums and confusions regarding how polyethylene glycol-fusion produces excellent behavioral recovery after peripheral nerve injuries

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第1期13卷 53-57页

作者： George D.Bittner Dale R.Sengelaub Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at Austin Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Indiana University Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at Austin

Current Neuroscience dogma holds that transections or ablations of a segment of peripheral nerves produce：（1） Immediate loss of axonal continuity, sensory signaling, and motor control; （2） Wallerian rapid （1-3 days） degeneration of severed distal axons, muscle atrophy, and poor behavioral recovery after many months （if ever, after ablations） by slowly-regenerating （1 mm/d）, proximal-stump outgrowths that must specifically reinnervate denervated targets; （3） Poor acceptance of microsutured nerve allografts, even if tissue-matched and immune-suppressed. Repair of transections/ablations by neurorrhaphy and well-specified-sequences of PEG-fusion solutions （one containing polyethylene glycol, PEG） successfully address these problems. However, conundrums and confusions regarding unorthodox and dramatic results of PEG-fusion repair in animal model systems often lead to misunderstandings. For example, （1） Axonal continuity and signaling is re-established within minutes by non-specifically PEG-fusing （connecting） severed motor and sensory axons across each lesion site, but remarkable behavioral recovery to near-unoperated levels takes several weeks; （2） Many distal stumps of inappropriately-reconnected, PEG-fused axons do not ever （Wallerian） degenerate and continuously innervate muscle fibers that undergo much less atrophy than otherwise-denervated muscle fibers; （3） Host rats do not reject PEG-fused donor nerve allografts in a non-immuno-privileged environment with no tissue matching or immunosuppression; （4） PEG fuses apposed open axonal ends or seals each shut （thereby preventing PEG-fusion）, depending on the experimental protocol; （5） PEG-fusion protocols produce similar results in animal model systems and early human case studies. Hence, iconoclastic PEG-fusion data appropriately understood might provoke a re-thinking of some Neuroscience dogma and a paradigm shift in clinical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.

关键词： axonal repair axotomy Wallerian degeneration polyethylene glycol allograft autograft nerve regeneration

Atomistic modeling and rational design of optothermal tweezers for targeted applications

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Nano Research 2021年第1期14卷 295-303页

作者： Hongru Ding Pavana Siddhartha Kollipara Linhan Lin Yuebing Zheng Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision InstrumentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Materials Science&Engineering Program and texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

Optical manipulation of micro/nanoscale objects is of importance in life sciences,colloidal science,and *** tweezers exhibit superior manipulation capability at low optical ***,our implicit understanding of the working mechanism has limited the further applications and innovations of optothermal ***,we present an atomistic view of opto-thermo-electro-mechanic coupling in optothermal tweezers,which enables us to rationally design the tweezers for optimum performance in targeted ***,we have revealed that the non-uniform temperature distribution induces water polarization and charge separation,which creates the thermoelectric field dominating the optothermal *** further design experiments to systematically verify our atomistic *** by our new model,we develop new types of optothermal tweezers of high performance using low-concentrated ***,we demonstrate the use of new tweezers in opto-thermophoretic separation of colloidal particles of the same size based on the difference in their surface charge,which has been challenging for conventional optical *** the atomistic understanding that enables the performance optimization and function expansion,optothermal tweezers will further their impacts.

关键词： optothermal tweezers optical tweezers optical manipulation thermophoresis molecular dynamics simulation

Looping by RNA: Dynamic control of the chromatin loop by long non-coding RNAs in plants

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Molecular Plant 2021年第9期14卷 1430-1432页

作者： Junghyun Kim Sibum Sung Department of Molecular Biosciences The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

In eukaryotes,the three-dimensional(3D)structure of the genome plays a critical role in the transcriptional *** though the 3D structure of the genome is mainly determined by DNA and protein components,increasing evidenee has demonstrated that RNA also occupies a large portion of chromatin and in flue nces genomic architecture(Ramirez-Colmenero et al.,2020;Wierzbicki et al.,2021).Long non-coding RNA(IncRNA)is a class of non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides but that lacks protein-coding *** are key regulators of gene expression through their capacity to harbor regulatory proteins and to establish molecular interactions.

关键词： potential harbor

A Start Point for Extracellular Nucleotide Signaling

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Molecular Plant 2014年第6期7卷 937-938页

作者： Stanley J. Roux Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

A START POINT FOR EXTRACELLULAR NUCLEOTIDE SIGNALINGThe recent discovery of a plant receptor for extracellu- lar nucleotides, reported by Choi et al. （2014）, is a major breakthrough that had been anticipated for over a dec- ade. Plants release ATP into their extracellular matrix （ECM） during growth and when they are induced by vari- ous biotic and abiotic stimuli （Clark and Roux, 2011）. That these extracellular nucleotides would activate receptors in plants was predicted by two sets of discoveries： that low- and sub-micromolar ATP could induce increases in [Ca2＋]cyt, NO, and superoxide signaling intermediates that led to downstream growth, stomatal, and defense responses, and that these changes could be blocked by antagonists that blocked extracellular nucleotide receptors in animals （Demidchik et al., 2003; Song et al., 2006; Clark et al., 2011; Demidchik et al., 2009, 2011）. Although mammalian biolo- gists had discovered two classes of receptors for extracel- lular nucleotides （P2X and P2Y） decades ago （Burnstock, 2007）, there were no plant proteins obviously similar to these in any sequence data available. Clearly, if there were plant purinoceptors, they would be different from the mammalian receptors, and they could not be discovered by motif searches.

关键词： @@

A stable Cenozoic geologic time scale is indispensable

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Episodes 2006年第1期29卷 43-45页

作者： Amos Salvador Department of Geological Sciences University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA.

A stable, standard geologic time scale is indispensable for the clear and precise communication among geologists; it is a basic tool of geologic work. Considerable progress has been made to achieve such a stable time scale. However, during the last few years several proposals have been made to modify the Cenozoic section of the geologic time scale that threaten to destabilize it. Seven articles published in Episodes since 2000 that could contribute to this destabilization are discussed. They provide excellent examples of the profusion of different terminologies, hierarchies, and stratigraphic relationships that have been proposed： to eliminate the Tertiary and the Quaternary or to raise their rank to suberathems; to extend the Neogene to the present; to make the Quaternary a formal subsystem of the Neogene, or consider it an informal stratigraphic unit; to eliminate the Holocene, and to decouple the base of the Pleistocene from the base of the Quaternary. If adopted, these proposals would cause nothing but great confusion and controversy. They disregard the clear preferences of geologists the world over as reflected by the terminology they have been using for many decades. Common sense would dictate the continued use of this terminology in its current, widely accepted form.

关键词：新生代地质时间比例尺地质工作

Bayesian network-based resilience assessment of interdependent infrastructure systems under optimal resource allocation strategies

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Resilient Cities and Structures 2024年第2期3卷 46-56页

作者： Jingran Sun Kyle Bathgate Zhanmin Zhang Center for Transportation Research The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78759USA Department of Civil Architecturaland Environmental EngineeringThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

Critical infrastructure systems(CISs)play a key role in the socio-economic activity of a society,but are exposed to an array of disruptive events that can greatly impact their function and ***,understanding the underlying behaviors of CISs and their response to perturbations is needed to better prepare for,and mitigate the impact of,future *** is one characteristic of CISs that influences the extent and severity of the impact induced by extreme *** is often dissected into four dimensions:robustness,redundancy,resourcefulness,and rapidity,known as the“4Rs”.This study proposes a framework to assess the resilience of an infrastructure network in terms of these four dimensions under optimal resource allocation strategies and incorporates interdependencies between different CISs,with resilience considered as a stochastic *** proposed framework combines an agent-based infrastructure interdependency model,advanced optimization algorithms,Bayesian network techniques,and Monte Carlo simulation to assess the resilience of an infrastructure *** applicability and flexibility of the proposed framework is demonstrated with a case study using a network of CISs in austin,texas,where the resilience of the network is assessed and a“what-if”analysis is performed.

关键词： Infrastructure resilience Bayesian network Resilience assessment Infrastructure interdependency Resource allocation

Numerical simulation of the impact of polymer rheology on polymer injectivity using a multilevel local grid refinement method

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Petroleum Science 2016年第1期13卷 110-125页

作者： Hai-Shan Luo Mojdeh Delshad Zhi-Tao Li Amir Shahmoradi Center for Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin

Polymer injectivity is an important factor for evaluating the project economics of chemical flood,which is highly related to the polymer *** the flow rate varies rapidly near injectors and significantly changes the polymer viscosity due to the non-Newtonian rheological behavior,the polymer viscosity near the wellbore is difficult to estimate accurately with the practical gridblock size in reservoir *** reduce the impact of polymer rheology upon chemical EOR simulations,we used an efficient multilevel local grid refinement（LGR）method that provides a higher resolution of the flows in the near-wellbore *** efficient numerical scheme was proposed to accurately solve the pressure equation and concentration equations on the multilevel grid for both homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoir *** block list and connections of the multilevel grid are generated via an efficient and extensible *** case simulation results indicate that the proposed LGR is consistent with the analytical injectivity model and achieves the closest results to the full grid refinement,which considerably improves the accuracy of solutions compared with the original *** addition,the method was validated by comparing it with the LGR module of CMG_*** polymer injectivity calculations,the LGR method is applicable for other problems in need of near-wellbore treatment,such as fractures near wells.

关键词： reservoir refinement rheology multilevel flooding viscosity permeability heterogeneous rheological porosity

Bone tissue engineering via growth factor delivery:from scaffolds to complex matrices

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2018年第4期5卷 197-211页

作者： Tinke-Marie De Witte Lidy E.Fratila-Apachitei Amir A.Zadpoor Nicholas A.Peppas Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Additive Manufacturing Laboratory Department of Biomechanical EngineeringDelft University of Technology(TU Delft)2628 CD DelftThe Netherlands McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Institute for Biomaterials Drug Delivery and Regenerative MedicineThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Pediatrics and Department of Surgery and Perioperative CareDell Medical SchoolThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery College of PharmacyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA

In recent years,bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising solution to the limitations of current gold standard treatment options for bone related-disorders such as bone *** tissue engineering provides a scaffold design that mimics the extracellular matrix,providing an architecture that guides the natural bone regeneration *** this period,a new generation of bone tissue engineering scaffolds has been designed and characterized that explores the incorporation of signaling molecules in order to enhance cell recruitment and ingress into the scaffold,as well as osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis,each of which is crucial to successful bone ***,we outline and critically analyze key characteristics of successful bone tissue engineering *** also explore candidate materials used to fabricate these *** growth factors involved in the highly coordinated process of bone repair are discussed,and the key requirements of a growth factor delivery system are ***,we concentrate on an analysis of scaffold-based growth factor delivery strategies found in the recent *** particular,the incorporation of two-phase systems consisting of growth factor-loaded nanoparticles embedded into scaffolds shows great promise,both by providing sustained release over a therapeutically relevant timeframe and the potential to sequentially deliver multiple growth factors.

关键词： scaffolds bone growth tissue engineering growth factor delivery