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Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.Smith Liwen Zhou Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

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Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed rat sciatic nerves reestablishes axonal continuity and reorganizes sensory terminal fields in the spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2095-2107页

作者： Emily A.Hibbard Liwen Zhou Cathy Z.Yang Karthik Venkudusamy Yessenia Montoya Alexa Olivarez George D.Bittner Dale R.Sengelaub Program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

Peripheral nerve injuries result in the rapid degeneration of distal nerve segments and immediate loss of motor and sensory functions;behavioral recovery is typically *** used a plasmalemmal fusogen,polyethylene glycol(PEG),to immediately fuse closely apposed open ends of severed proximal and distal axons in rat sciatic *** have previously reported that sciatic nerve axons repaired by PEG-fusion do not undergo Wallerian degeneration,and PEG-fused animals exhibit rapid(within 2–6 weeks)and extensive locomotor ***,our previous report showed that PEG-fusion of severed sciatic motor axons was non-specific,i.e.,spinal motoneurons in PEG-fused animals were found to project to appropriate as well as inappropriate target *** this study,we examined the consequences of PEG-fusion for sensory axons of the sciatic *** adult male and female rats(Sprague–Dawley)received either a unilateral single cut or ablation injury to the sciatic nerve and subsequent repair with or without(Negative Control)the application of *** action potentials recorded immediately after PEG-fusion repair confirmed conduction across the injury *** success of PEG-fusion was confirmed through Sciatic Functional Index testing with PEG-fused animals showing improvement in locomotor function beginning at 35 days *** 2–42 days postoperatively,we anterogradely labeled sensory afferents from the dorsal aspect of the hindpaw following bilateral intradermal injection of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish ***-fusion repair reestablished axonal *** to unoperated animals,labeled sensory afferents ipsilateral to the injury in PEG-fused animals were found in the appropriate area of the dorsal horn,as well as inappropriate mediolateral and rostrocaudal ***,despite having intact peripheral nerves,similar reorganizations of labeled sensory afferents were also observed contralateral to the injury and repa

关键词： axotomy dorsal horn peripheral nerve injury plasticity polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve sensory terminals wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase

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Polyethylene glycol fusion repair of severed sciatic nerves accelerates recovery of nociceptive sensory perceptions in male and female rats of different strains

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2667-2681页

作者： Liwen Zhou Karthik Venkudusamy Emily A.Hibbard Yessenia Montoya Alexa Olivarez Cathy Z.Yang Adelaide Leung Varun Gokhale Guhan Periyasamy Zeal Pathak Dale R.Sengelaub George D.Bittner Department of Neuroscience University of TexasAustinTXUSA Program in Neuroscience Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of Molecular Biosciences University of TexasAustinTXUSA

Successful polyethylene glycol fusion(PEG-fusion)of severed axons following peripheral nerve injuries for PEG-fused axons has been reported to:(1)rapidly restore electrophysiological continuity;(2)prevent distal Wallerian Degeneration and maintain their myelin sheaths;(3)promote primarily motor,voluntary behavioral recoveries as assessed by the Sciatic Functional Index;and,(4)rapidly produce correct and incorrect connections in many possible combinations that produce rapid and extensive recovery of functional peripheral nervous system/central nervous system connections and reflex(e.g.,toe twitch)or voluntary *** preceding companion paper describes sensory terminal field reo rganization following PEG-fusion repair of sciatic nerve transections or ablations;howeve r,sensory behavioral recovery has not been explicitly explored following PEG-fusion *** the current study,we confirmed the success of PEG-fusion surgeries according to criteria(1-3)above and more extensively investigated whether PEG-fusion enhanced mechanical nociceptive recovery following sciatic transection in male and female outbred Sprague-Dawley and inbred Lewis *** nociceptive responses were assessed by measuring withdrawal thresholds using von Frey filaments on the dorsal and midplantar regions of the *** von Frey filament tests were a more reliable method than plantar von Frey filament tests to assess mechanical nociceptive sensitivity following sciatic nerve *** withdrawal thresholds of the sciatic-mediated lateral dorsal region differed significantly across strain but not *** thresholds did not change significantly from baseline in chronic Unoperated and Sham-operated *** sciatic transection,all rats exhibited severe hyposensitivity to stimuli at the lateral dorsal region of the hindpaw ipsilateral to the ***,PEG-fused rats exhibited significantly earlier return to baseline withdrawal thresholds than Negative

关键词： autophagia axotomy collateral sprouting neuropathic pain peripheral nerve repair polyethylene glycol fusion(PEG-fusion) saphenous nerve sensory neurons sex and strain Wallerian degeneration

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Small molecule inhibitor DDQ-treated hippocampal neuronal cells show improved neurite outgrowth and synaptic branching

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2624-2632页

作者： Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran Priyanka Rawat Arubala P.Reddy Erika Orlov PHemachandra Reddy Department of Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Department of Nutritional Sciences College of Human SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Department of Pharmacology&Neuroscience Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Department of Neurology Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Department of Speech Language and Hearing SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Department of Public Health Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA

The process of neurite outgrowth and branching is a crucial aspect of neuronal development and *** and dendrites,sometimes referred to as neurites,are extensions of a neuron's cellular body that are used to start *** we explored the effects of diethyl(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl)methylphosphonate(DDQ)on neurite developmental features in HT22 neuronal *** this work,we examined the protective effects of DDQ on neuronal processes and synaptic outgrowth in differentiated HT22cells expressing mutant Tau(mTau)*** investigate DDQ chara cteristics,cell viability,biochemical,molecular,western blotting,and immunocytochemistry were *** outgrowth is evaluated through the segmentation and measurement of neural *** neural processes can be seen and measured with a fluorescence microscope by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neurite *** neuronal processes can be observed and quantified with a fluorescent microscope by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neuronal ***-treated mTau-HT22 cells(HT22 cells transfected with cDNA mutant Tau)were seen to display increased levels of synaptophysin,MAP-2,andβ-***,we confirmed and noted reduced levels of both total and p-Tau,as well as elevated levels of microtubule-associated protein 2,β-tubulin,synaptophysin,vesicular acetylcholine transporter,and the mitochondrial biogenesis protein-pe roxisome prolife rator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α.In mTa u-expressed HT22 neurons,we observed DDQ enhanced the neurite characteristics and improved neurite development through increased synaptic *** findings conclude that mTa u-HT22(Alzheimer's disease)cells treated with DDQ have functional neurite developmental chara *** key finding is that,in mTa u-HT22 cells,DDQ preserves neuronal structure and may even enhance nerve development function with mTa u inhibition.

关键词： diethyl(3 4-dihydroxyphenethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl)methylphosphonate(DDQ) hippocampal neuronal cells HT22 neurite outgrowth neuronal development small molecule

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Targeting sepsis through inflammation and oxidative metabolism

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 69-81页

作者： Salena Jacob Sanjana Ann Jacob Joby Thoppil Halmos College of Arts and Sciences Nova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL 33328United States Dell School of Medicine University of Texas at Austin Medical SchoolAustinTX 78712United States Emergency Medicine UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390United States

Infection is a public health problem and represents a spectrum of disease that can result in sepsis and septic *** is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to *** shock is the most severe form of sepsis which leads to distributive shock and high mortality *** have been significant advances in sepsis management mainly focusing on early identification and ***,complicating matters is the lack of reliable diagnostic tools and the poor specificity and sensitivity of existing scoring tools i.e.,systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria,sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA),or quick *** limitations have underscored the modest progress in reducing sepsis-related *** review will focus on novel therapeutics such as oxidative stress targets,cytokine modulation,endothelial cell modulation,etc.,that are being conceptualized for the management of sepsis and septic shock.

关键词： Sepsis Inflammation Oxidative Metabolism Infection Reactive oxygen species

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The Citron homology domain of MAP4Ks improves outcomes of traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3233-3244页

作者： Xiaoling Zhong Wenjiao Tai Meng-Lu Liu Shuaipeng Ma Tianjin Shen Yuhua Zou Chun-Li Zhang Department of Molecular Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Peter O’Donnell Jr.Brain Institute University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA

The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinases(MAP4Ks)signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in axonal regrowth and neuronal degeneration following *** targeting this pathway is beneficial to brain injury remains *** this study,we showed that adeno-associated virus-delivery of the Citron homology domain of MAP4Ks effectively reduces traumatic brain injury-induced reactive gliosis,tauopathy,lesion size,and behavioral *** inhibition of MAP4Ks replicated the ameliorative effects observed with expression of the Citron homology ***,the Citron homology domain acted as a dominant-negative mutant,impeding MAP4K-mediated phosphorylation of the dishevelled proteins and thereby controlling the Wnt/β-catenin *** findings implicate a therapeutic potential of targeting MAP4Ks to alleviate the detrimental effects of traumatic brain injury.

关键词： adeno-associated virus Citron homology Citron homology domain gene therapy mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinases traumatic brain injury

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Vertically aligned two-dimensional materials-based thick electrodes for scalable energy storage systems

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Nano Research 2021年第10期14卷 3562-3575页

作者： Zhengyu Ju Xiao Zhang Jingyi Wu Guihua Yu Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials InstituteThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexas 78712USA

Together with the blooming of portable smart devices and electric vehicles in the last decade,electrochemical energy storage(EES)devices capable of high-energy and high-power storage are urgently ***-dimensional(2D)materials,benefiting from the short solid-state diffusion distance,are well recognized to possess excellent electrochemical ***,liquid diffusion,the rate-determining process in thick electrodes,is notably slow in 2D materials-based electrodes stemming from their stacking during electrode processing,which considerably limits their applications for high energy *** fully exploit intrinsic advantages of 2D materials for scalable energy storage devices,this review summarizes several important strategies,ranging from assembly to template methods,to fabricate vertically aligned 2D materials-based *** further discuss the advantages and challenges of these methods in terms of key features of thick electrodes and illustrate the design principles for high-energy/power devices.

关键词： two-dimensional materials energy storage alignment assembly high energy/power

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Mudcake effects on wellbore stress and fracture initiation pressure and implications for wellbore strengthening

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Petroleum Science 2018年第2期15卷 319-334页

作者： Yongcun Feng Xiaorong Li K.E.Gray The university of texas at austin AustinTXUSA

Although a large volume of mudcake filtration test data is available in the literature, effects of mudcake on wellbore strengthening cannot be quantified without incorporating the data into a stress-analysis model. Traditional models for determining fracture initiation pressure （FIP） either consider a wellbore with an impermeable mudcake or with no mudcake at all. An analytical model considering permeable mudcake is proposed in this paper. The model can predict pore pressure and stress profiles around the wellbore, and consequently the FIP, for different mudcake thickness, permeability, and strength. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effects of these mudcake parameters. The results show that a low-permeability mudcake enhances FIP, mainly through restricting fluid seepage and pore pressure increase in the near- wellbore region, rather than by mudcake strength. Fluid loss pressure （FLP） should be distinguished from FIP when a mudcake is present on the wellbore wall. Fracture may occur behind the mudcake at FIP without mudcake rupture. The small effect of mudcake strength on FIP does not mean its effect on FLP is small too. Mudcake strength may play an important role in maintaining integrity of the wellbore once a fracture has initiated behind the mudcake.

关键词： Mudcake Hoop stress Fracture initiation pressure Fluid loss pressure Wellbore strengthening

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“Cut-and-paste” method for the rapid prototyping of soft electronics

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第2期62卷 199-208页

作者： YANG XiangXing HUANG YiFu DAI ZhaoHe BARBER Jamie WANG PuLin LU NanShu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering the University of Texas at Austin Center for Mechanics of Solids Structures and Materials Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanicsthe University of Texas at Austin Stretch Med Inc. Department of Biomedical Engineering the University of Texas at Austin texas Materials Institute the University of Texas at Austin

Unlike wafer-based rigid electronics, soft electronics have many unique advantages including thinness, flexibility, stretchability,conformability, lightweight, large area, as well as low cost. As a result, they have demonstrated many emerging capabilities in healthcare devices, soft robotics, and human-machine interface. Instead of conventional microfabrication, there is an evergrowing interest in the freeform or digital manufacture of soft electronics. This review provides a survey for a cost-and timeeffective subtractive manufacturing process called the "cut-and-paste" method. It employs a mechanical cutter plotter to form patterns on various electronically functional membranes such as sheets of metals, functional polymers, and even two-dimensional(2D) materials, supported by a temporary tape. The patterned membranes can then be pasted on soft substrates such as medical tapes or even human skin. This process is completely dry and desktop. It does not involve any rigid wafers and is hence capable of making large-area electronics. The process can be repeated to integrate multiple materials on a single *** circuits(ICs) and rigid components can be added through a "cut-solder-paste" process. Multilayer devices can also be fabricated through lamination. We therefore advocate that the "cut-and-paste" method is a very versatile approach for the rapid prototyping of soft electronics for various applications.

关键词： cut-and-paste subtractive manufacture epidermal electronics electronic tattoos 2D materials

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2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-Thiadiazole(DMCT)-Based Polymers for Rechargeable Metal-Sulfur Batteries

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第6期6卷 283-290页

作者： Amruth Bhargav Arumugam Manthiram Materials Science and Engineering Program&texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at AustinAustin Texas 78712USA

Organosulfur materials are a sustainable alternative to the present-day layered oxide cathodes in lithium-based *** such organosulfur material that was intensely explored from the 1990s to early 2010s is 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole(DMCT).However,research interest declined as the electrode reactions with DMCT were assumed to be too sluggish to be *** with the advances in metal-sulfur batteries,we revisit DMCT-based materials in the form of poly[tetrathio-2,5-(1,3,4-thiadiazole)],referred to as *** an appropriate choice of electrode design and electrolyte,pDMCT-S cathode paired with a Li-metal anode shows a capacity of 715 mA h g^(-1)and a Coulombic efficiency of 97.7%at a C/10 rate,thus quelling the concerns of sluggish ***,pDMCT-S shows significantly improved long-term cyclability compared to a sulfur *** into the origin of the stability reveals that the discharge product Li-DMCT in its mesomeric form can strongly bind to polysulfides,preventing their dissolution into the electrolyte and *** unique mechanism solves a critical problem faced by sulfur ***,this mechanism results in a stable performance of pDMCT-S with Na-metal cells as *** study opens the potential for exploring other organic materials that have inherent polysulfide sequestering capabilities,enabling long-life metal-sulfur batteries.

关键词： 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole electrochemistry metal-sulfur batteries organopolysulfide organosulfur batteries

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