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Celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes:a condition with distinct changes in intestinal immunity?

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第2期8卷 150-156页

作者： Raivo Uibo Marina Panarina Kaupo Teesalu Ija Talja Epp Sepp Meeme Utt Marika Mikelsaar Kaire Heilman Oivi Uibo Tamara Vorobjova Department of Immunology University of TartuTartuEstonia Department of Microbiology University of TartuTartuEstonia Children’s Clinic of tartu university Hospital TartuEstonia Department of Pediatrics University of TartuTartuEstonia

Two common chronic childhood diseases-celiac disease(CD)and type 1 diabetes(T1D)-result from complex pathological mechanisms where genetic susceptibility,environmental exposure,alterations in intestinal permeability and immune responses play central *** this study,we investigated whether these characteristics were universal for CD independently of T1D *** this purpose,we studied 36 children with normal small-bowel mucosa and 26 children with active CD,including 12 patients with *** samples from the small-bowel mucosa,we detected the lowest expression of tight junction protein 1(TJP1)mRNA in CD patients with T1D,indicating an increase in intestinal ***,these samples displayed the highest expression of forkhead box P3(FoxP3)mRNA,a marker for regulatory T cells,as compared with other patient *** the same time,serum levels of IgA antibodies specific for the CD-related antigens deamidated gliadin and tissue transglutaminase(tTG)were the highest in CD patients with *** contrast,no significant differences were found in IgA or IgG antibodies specific for bovine beta-lactoglobulin or Bifidobacterium adolescentis DSM 20083-derived *** were also no differences in the transamidating activity of serum autoantibodies between patients and control *** results show that patients with T1D and newly detected CD exhibit severely altered intestinal permeability,strong local immune activation and increased immunoregulatory mechanisms in the small *** study is required to determine whether these extreme changes in this CD subgroup are due to some specific environmental factors(virus infections),unknown genetic effects or autoimmune reactions to antigenic targets in intracellular tight junctions.

关键词： autoimmunity celiac disease immunoregulation intestinal mucosa type 1 diabetes

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Recovering 3D structural properties of galaxies from SDSS-like photometry

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015年第10期15卷 1613-1628页

作者： Elmo Tempel Antti Tamm Rain Kipper Teeter Tenjes tartu Observatory Institute of Physics University of Tartu

Because of the 3D nature of galaxies, an algorithm for constructing spatial density distribution models of galaxies on the basis of galaxy images has many advan- tages over approximations of the surface density distribution. We present a method for deriving the spatial structure and overall parameters of galaxies from images and estimate its accuracy and derived parameter degeneracies on a sample of idealised model galaxies. The test galaxies consist component with varying proportions and of a disc-like component and a spheroidal properties. Both components are assumed to be axially symmetric and coplanar. We simulate these test galaxies as if they had been observed in the SDSS project through ugriz filters, thus gaining a set of realis- tically imperfect images of galaxies with known intrinsic properties. These artificial SDSS galaxies were thereafter remodelled by approximating the surface brightness distribution with a 2D projection of a bulge＋disc spatial distribution model and the restored parameters were compared to the initial ones. Down to the r-band limiting magnitude of 18, errors in the restored integral luminosities and colour indices re- main within 0.05 mag and errors in the luminosities of individual components within 0.2 mag. Accuracy of the restored bulge-to-disc luminosity ratio （B/D） is within 40% in most cases, and becomes worse for galaxies with low B/D, but the general balance between bulges and discs is not shifted systematically. Assuming that the intrinsic disc axial ratio is ≤ 0.3, then the inclination angles can be estimated with errors 〈 5° for most of the galaxies with B/D 〈 2 and with errors 〈 15° up to B/D = 6. Errors in the recovered sizes of the galactic components are below 10% in most cases. The axial ratios and the shape parameter N of Einasto＇s distribution （similar to the Sersic index） are relatively inaccurate, but can provide statistical estimates for large samples. In general, models of disc components are more accurate than

关键词： methods: numerical -- galaxies: general -- galaxies: photometry --galaxies: structure

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Visible fluorescence of biological fluids as a renal failure marker:New integrative approach

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2015年第4期8卷 69-84页

作者： Artur I.Kuznetsov Aleksander Frorip Jekaterina Kozlova Vitali Nagirnyi Mai Ots-Rosenberg Ivo Romet Alar Sünter tartu Science Park AS Ldiamon Riia str.18551014 TartuEstonia Institute of Physics Tartu University Ravila str.14^(c)Tartu 50411Estonia Department of Internal Medicine Tartu University Puusepa str.8Tartu 51014Estonia Biomedicum Tartu University Ravila str.1950411 TartuEstonia

Solid phases of visible fuorescence substance(VFS)of biological fuids(blood,urine,hemodia-lysate)which was proposed earlier as a morbidity and mortality marker by renal failure and diabetes were investigated in-depth by the methods of electron and confocal microscopy,optical spectroscopy and matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization(MALDI)mass *** is shown that dry VFS exists predominantly in the form of carbon-oxygen-nitrogen(N≈8.7 wt.%)nanoparticles(NPs)(5≤d≤100nm).For the first time the existence of the threshold energy E_(g)≈2.15eV for excitation of VFS was observed experimentally and confirmed by semi empirical calculations of the bathochromic shift.A good accordance with the earlier autonomous theo-retical calculations was ***,the long wavelength limit(575 nm)of the spectral range where the VFS can be used as a fluorescent marker was reliably determined.A pilot MALDI comparative study of graphene oxide(GO)and urine VFS was carried *** kinds of nitrogen-free particles(412≤M≤456 Da)were observed in each substance and possible computer models of those have been *** is established that along with nitrogen-containing advanced glycation end products(AGEs)also nitrogen-fee carbon-oxygen-lhydrogen particles(probably toxic)with the composition and structure related to GO can exist in *** types of particles should be taken into account in search for the reasons of high mortality among end stage renal disease patients.

关键词： Auto-fuorescence of biological fuids AGE glycosides end stage renal diseases MALDI of human metabolites fluorescence of graphene oxide

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Increased density of tolerogenic dendritic cells in the small bowel mucosa of celiac patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第2期21卷 439-452页

作者： Tamara Vorobjova Oivi Uibo Kaire Heilman Raivo Uibo Department of Immunology Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of Tartu51014 TartuEstonia Department of Pediatrics University of TartuTartuEstoniaChildren’s Clinic of Tartu University Hospital51014 TartuEstonia Department of Pediatrics University of TartuTartuEstoniaTallinn’s Children’s Hospital13419 TallinnEstonia

AIM: To investigate the densities of dendritic cells(DCs) and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells(Tregs) and their interrelations in the small bowel mucosa in untreated celiac disease(CD) patients with and without type 1 diabetes(T1D).METHODS: Seventy-four patients(45 female, 29 male, mean age 11.1 ± 6.8 years) who underwent small bowel biopsy were studied. CD without T1 D was diagnosed in 18 patients, and CD with T1 D was diagnosed in 15 patients. Normal small bowel mucosa was found in two T1 D patients. Thirty-nine patients(mean age 12.8 ± 4.9 years) with other diagnoses(functional dyspepsia, duodenal ulcer, erosive gastritis, etc.) formed the control group. All CD patients had partial or subtotal villous atrophy according to the Marsh classification: Marsh grade Ⅲa in 9, grade Ⅲb in 21 and grade Ⅲc in 3 cases. Thirty-nine patients without CD and 2 with T1 D had normal small bowel mucosa(Marsh grade 0). The densities of CD11c+, IDO+, CD103+, Langerin(CD207+) DCs and FOXP3+ Tregs were investigated by immunohistochemistry(on paraffin-embedded specimens) and immunofluorescence(on cryostat sections) methods using a combination of mono- and double-staining. Sixtysixserum samples were tested for Ig A-tissue transglutaminase(t TG) using a fully automated Eli ATM Celikey Ig A assay(Pharmacia Diagnostics, Freiburg, Germany). RESULTS: The density of CD11c+ DCs was significantly increased in CD patients compared with patients with normal mucosa(21.67 ± 2.49 vs 13.58 ± 1.51, P = 0.007). The numbers of FOXP3+ cells were significantly higher in CD patients(10.66 ± 1.50 vs 1.92 ± 0.37, P = 0.0002) and in patients with CD and coexisting T1D(8.11 ± 1.64 vs 1.92 ± 0.37, P = 0.002) compared with patients with normal mucosa. The density of FOXP3+ cells significantly correlated with the histologicalgrade of atrophic changes in the small bowel mucosa according to the March classification(r = 0.62; P < 0.0001) and with levels of Ig A antibody(r = 0.55; P < 0.0001). The densities of IDO+ DCs were

关键词： CD11c+,CD103+,IDO+,Langerin(CD207+) dendritic cell

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Numerical Buoyancy-Wave Model for Wave Stress and Drag Simulations in the Atmosphere

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第1期15卷 206-245页

作者： M.Zirk R.Room A.Mannik A.Luhamaa M.Kaasik S.Traud Institute of Physics Tartu UniversityTartu 50090Estonia.

Orographic drag formation is investigated using a numerical wave model(NWM),based on the pressure-coordinate dynamics of non-hydrostatic *** surface drag,wave stress(vertical flux of horizontal momentum),and wave drag are split to the longitudinal and transverse components and presented as Fourier sums of their spectral amplitudes weighted with the power spectrum of relative orographic *** NWM is accomplished,enabling a spectral investigation of the buoyancy wave stress,and drag generation by orography and is then applied to a cold front,characterised by low static stability of the upper troposphere,large vertical and directional wind variations,and intensive trapped wave generation downstream of *** are discovered in the stress and drag spectra in the form of high narrow *** stress conservation problem is *** stress conserves in unidirectional flow,2D orography conditions,but becomes convergent for rotating wind or 3D *** in the convergent case the vertical momentum flux from the troposphere to stratosphere remains *** transverse stress never *** at the surface and on the top,it realises the main momentum exchange between lower an upper parts of the *** of stationary stratospheric quasi-turbulence(SQT)is established above wind minimum in the stratosphere.

关键词： Fourier spectrum orographic buoyancy waves surface drag wave drag wave stress momentum flux wave equation numerical wave modelling.

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Numerical solution of Volterra integral equations with singularities

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2013年第2期8卷 239-259页

作者： Marek KOLK Arvet PEDAS Institute of Mathematics University of Tartu J. Liivi 2 Tartu 50409 Estonia

The numerical solution of linear Volterra integral equations of the second kind is discussed. The kernel of the integral equation may have weak diagonal and boundary singularities. Using suitable smoothing techniques and polynomial splines on mildly graded or of the proposed algorithms is studied given. uniform grids, the convergence behavior and a collection of numerical results is give.

关键词： Boundary singularity collocation method smoothing transformation Volterra integral equation weakly singular kernel

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Dissolution Modeling and Experimental Measurement of CaS-H20 Binary System

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第11期29卷 2327-2336页

作者： Zekker, Ivar Tenno, Toomas Selberg, Aare Uiga, Katev Institute of Chemistry University of Tartu 14A Ravila St. Tartu 50411 Estonia

CaS formed during the retorting process of oil shale has a hazardous influence on surface water quality. Interaction of retorted oil shale with water generates highly alkaline leachate with a high content of sulfur due to the CaS component. A theoretical model describing the behavior of solid calcium sulfide in contact with water was developed. The model was consistent with the measurements showing change in dissolution behavior when solid CaS remained in the solution. Experimental measurements of pH and concentrations of ions were carried out in oxy- gen-free water at 25 ~C using CaS concentrations from 24.2-131.5 mgoL-1 （0.335--1.823 mmol/L）. Analysis of pH and concentrations of ions in the solution and calculations by the developed model showed that the solubility of CaS was estimated as 125.0 mg·L 1 （1.733 mmol/L）, and therefore the solubility product of CaS is 3.41×10^-10 （mo·L^-1）^2 at a temperature of 25℃.

关键词： calcium sulfide (CaS) solubility product the dissociation constants of H2S chemical equilibrium

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Area and shape distortions in open-source discrete global grid systems

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Big Earth Data 2022年第3期6卷 256-275页

作者： Alexander Kmoch Ivan Vasilyev Holger Virro Evelyn Uuemaa Department of Geography Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia

A Discrete Global Grid System(DGGS)is a type of spatial reference system that tessellates the globe into many individual,evenly spaced,and well-aligned cells to encode location and,thus,can serve as a basis for data cube *** facilitates integration and aggregation of multi-resolution data from various sources to rapidly calculate spatial *** calculated normalized area and compactness for cell geometries from 5 open-source DGGS implementations-Uber H3,Google S2,RiskAware OpenEAGGR,rHEALPix by Landcare Research New Zealand,and DGGRID by Southern Oregon university-to evaluate their suitability for a global-level statistical data *** conclude that the rHEALPix and OpenEAGGR and DGGRID ISEA-based DGGS definitions are most suitable for global statistics because they have the strongest guarantee of equal area preservation-where each cell covers almost exactly the same area on the *** H3 has the smallest shape distortions,but Uber H3 and Google S2 have the largest variations in cell ***,they provide more mature software library *** provides excellent functionality to construct grids with desired geometric properties but as the only implementation does not provide functions for traversal and navigation within a grid after its construction.

关键词： Coordinate reference systems spatial indexing big spatial data analytics data cube DGGS

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Motivational processes in physical education and objectively measured physical activity among adolescents

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第5期9卷 462-471页

作者： Hanna Kalajas-Tilga Andre Koka Vello Hein Henri Tilga Lennart Raudsepp Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy University of TartuTartuEE 51008Estonia

Purpose:Grounded in self-determination theory(SDT),the present study tested how students’perceptions of autonomy support from physical education teachers predicts objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)of *** to SDT,it was expected that psychological needs and autonomous and controlled forms of motivation would mediate these ***:Students(n=397)aged from 11 to 15 years in 17 different schools filled in questionnaires regarding SDT *** addition,objective MVPA was measured using an accelerometer(ActiGraph GT3X;ActiGraph,Pensacola,FL,USA)for 7 *** equation modelling was used to examine the hypothesized relationships among the study ***:The theory-based model showed a good fit with the data:x2=642.464,df=257;comparative fit index=0.932;non-normed fit index=0.921;root mean square error of approximation=0.062;root mean square error of approximation 90%confidence interval:0.054*** hypothesized,there was a significant and positive direct relationship between autonomy support and need satisfaction(b=0.81,p=0.001).In turn,need satisfaction positively predicted intrinsic motivation(b=0.86,p=0.001).Intrinsic motivation was positively related to MVPA(b=0.29,p=0.009).A significant indirect effect(b=0.20,p=0.004)supported the mediating role of psychological need satisfaction and intrinsic motivation in the relationship between perceived autonomy support and objectively measured ***:The findings of the current study support the applicability of the SDT-based model in explaining the antecedents of objectively measured MVPA of *** enhance adolescents’daily MVPA,special focus should be put on increasing their intrinsic motivation toward physical education.

关键词： Accelerometer Motivation Physical activity Physical education Self-determination theory

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Amplitude Factorization Method in the Atmospheric Gravity-Wave Equation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2007年第5期2卷 993-1006页

作者： Rein Room Marko Zirk Institute of Environmental Physics Tartu UniversityUlikooli 18Tartu 50090Estonia.

A novel amplitude factorization method is applied to solve a discrete buoyancy wave equation with arbitrary wind and temperature height *** solution is given in the form of a cumulative product of complex factors,which are computed by a nonlinear,inhomogeneous,two-member recurrence formula,initiated from a radiative condition on *** of the wave equation due to evanescent winds are eliminated by turbulent *** method provides an estimation of the minimal vertical resolution,required to attain a stable accurate *** areas of application of the developed numerical scheme are high resolution modelling of orographic waves for arbitrary orography in general atmospheric stratification conditions,and testing of adiabatic kernels of numerical weather prediction models.

关键词： Atmospheric gravity waves linear buoyancy wave equation arbitrary stratification numerical solution amplitude factorization method.

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