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Ozone disrupts the communication between plants and insects in urban and suburban areas:an updated insight on plant volatiles

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第4期32卷 1337-1349页

作者： Noboru Masui Evgenios Agathokleous Tomoki Mochizuki Akira Tani Hideyuki Matsuura Takayoshi Koike Graduate School of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province Institute of EcologySchool of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044People’s Republic of China School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of ShizuokaShizuokaJapan Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science CASBeijing 100085People’s Republic of China

Plant-insect interactions are basic components of biodiversity *** attain the international Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),the interactions in urban and in suburban systems should be better understood to maintain the health of green *** role of ground-level ozone(0_(3)) as an environmental stress disrupting interaction webs is *** mixing ratios in suburbs are usually higher than in the center of cities and may reduce photosynthetic productivity at a relatively higher ***,carbon-based defense capacities of plants may be suppressed by elevated 0_(3) more in the ***,contrary to this expectation,grazing damages by leaf beetles have been severe in some urban centers in comparison with the *** explain differences in grazing damages between urban areas and suburbs,the disruption of atmospheric communication signals by elevated 0_(3) via changes in plant-regulated biogenic volatile organic compounds and long-chain fatty acids are *** ecological roles of plant volatiles and the effects of 0_(3) from both a chemical and a biological perspective are ***-disrupted plant volatiles should be considered to explain herbivory phenomena in urban and suburban systems.

关键词： Biological interactions Elevated O_3 Insect grazing Pollination Plant defense mechanisms

Acute Normalization of Thyroxine Induced Hallucinations and Delusions

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第5期3卷 341-343页

作者： Yuko Furuhashi Masaya Ishikawa Medical Center Shizuoka University Shizuoka Japan Saginuma Park Clinic Kawasaki Japan

The association between disorders of thyroid function and psychiatric symptoms is well established. Generally, hypo-thyroidism is recognized as being able to induce psychotic symptoms. However, psychotic symptoms without affective and cognitive disturbances are rare in hyperthyroidism. We presented a patient with Graves’ disease who suffered from delusions and hallucinations without affective and cognitive disturbances following abrupt normalization of thyroid function. Furthermore, the patient was clinically and biochemically euthyroid when the psychotic symptoms developed. There was resolution of psychotic symptoms in this case. It is suggested that the abrupt change of thyroxine may cause susceptible individuals to become transient psychotic state.

关键词： Graves’ Disease Hallucination Delusion

Development of self-micellizing solid dispersion system employing amphipathic copolymer for the improvement of dissolution and oral bioavailability of cyclosporine A

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第1期11卷 50-51页

作者： Hiroki Suzuki Hideyuki Sato Yoshiki Kojo Takahiro Mizumoto Kayo Yuminoki Naohumi Hashimoto Yoshiki Seto Satomi Onoue university of shizuoka 52-1 YadaSuruga-kuShizuoka 422-8526Japan ILS Inc. 1-2-1 KubogaokaMoriyaIbaraki 302-0104Japan Setsunan university 45-1 Nagaotoge-choHirakataOsaka 573-0101Japan

The main objective of the present study is to develop a selfmicellizing solid dispersion(SMSD)system of cyclosporine A(CsA)using an amphiphilic copolymer,poly[MPC-co-BMA](pMB)to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of CsA(Fig.1A).Unlike conventional carrier compounds,pMB would perform the bifunctional ability as both polymeric carrier of solid dispersion system and solubilizer derived from a high micellizing property,which could be considered beneficial for the production of highly water soluble formulation of poorly water soluble compound[1].Improvement in the aqueous solubility has been believed to be a key consideration for acquiring potent pharmacological effects of BCS class II drug like CsA.

关键词： Cyclosporine A Amphipathic copolymer Self-micellizing solid dispersion Oral bioavailability

Adult Onset Cerebral X-Linked Adrenoleuokodystrophy in 18 Cases

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Health 2015年第6期7卷 723-728页

作者： Yuko Furuhashi Masaya Ishikawa Section of Health Care Center Shizuoka University Shizuoka Japan Saginuma Kouen Clinic Kawasaki Japan

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an X-linked inherited metabolic disease associated with the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in the nervous system, adrenal cortex, and testes. At least seven phenotypes can be distinguished, which are Addison only, childhood, adolescent and adult cerebral ALD, adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), and symptomatic or asymptomatic carriers. Children most often develop rapidly a progressive cerebral disease, whereas adults rarely develop a cerebral disease. The majority of adult-onset ALD patients are AMN. The prognosis of ALD remains unpredictable in individual patients. Family history can be very informative. The plasma VLCFA assay permits precise diagnosis. Specific changes on brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can have diagnostic utility. However, there is considerable overlap among adult-onset leukodystrophies. Adult onset form of cerebral X-linked ALD (AOCALD) is a rare disease. The disease progresses rapidly with widespread demyelination of the cerebral hemispheres. AOCALD is an important differential diagnosis for adults with psychiatric symptoms and progressive cognitive changes. In this article, we review on case reports of AOCALD.

关键词： Adrenoleukodystrophy Adult Onset Cerebrum Hallucination Delusion

Discrimination of Green,Oolong,and Black Teas by GC-MS Analysis of Characteristic Volatile Flavor Compounds

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014年第9期5卷 620-632页

作者： Susanne Baldermann Ziyin Yang Tsuyoshi Katsuno Vo Anh Tu Nobuyuki Mase Yoriyuki Nakamura Naoharu Watanabe Leibniz-Institute of Vegetables and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V GroBbeerenGermany Institute of Nutritional Science University of PotsdamNuthetalGermany South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Tea Research Center ShizuokaJapan Faculty of Agriculture Shizuoka UniversityShizuokaJapan Graduate School of Engineering Shizuoka UniversityHamamatsuJapan Graduate School of Science and Technology Shizuoka UniversityShizuokaJapan

Tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and its quality is influenced by geographical origin and production methods. This study focuses on the volatile aroma components of 38 tea products from China, Japan, Indonesia, Sri-Lanka, and Chinese Taipei;among them 7 green teas, 13 oolong teas, and 18 black teas. The volatiles were extracted from the infusions using PorapakQ-resin, concentrated, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The components were identified by authentic reference compounds or preliminary based on their mass spectra. Different manufacturing processes yield different blends of aroma compounds. In general, the contents of total volatiles, aliphatics, aromatics, and terpenoids increased with the fermentation degree, whereas jasmine lactone and indole were the highest in oolong teas. Some particular manufacturing processes, for example, the use of tea leaves infested by the tea green leafhopper, lead to higher contents of volatiles in final products as in Oriental Beauty oolong tea. The relative peak areas determined for 82 volatiles were the basis for the statistical analysis and highlight the potential of multivariate analysis to distinguish tea samples of different categories.

关键词： Aroma Camellia sinensis Fermentation Clustering Analysis Tea

Thermal Stability Improvement and Structural Change of Oil Gels Formed by Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Triblock Copolymer Induced by Adding Poly(phenylene ether)

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Open Journal of Organic Polymer Materials 2014年第4期4卷 65-73页

作者： Kouichi Kato Yuki Tsukamoto Eri Hirai Yasuhiro Matsuda Shigeru Tasaka Department of Opto-Electronics and Nanostructure Science Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan

The thermal stability of oil gels formed by styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) was improved by adding a small amount of poly(phenylene ether) (PPE), which has a higher glass transition temperature (Tg). In naphthenic oil which is a good solvent for the butadiene blocks, but a non-solvent for the styrene blocks and PPE, PPE was selectively included into styrene blocks in SBS, and induced the increase of the Tg of these blocks. The melting temperature determined by viscoelastic measurements and softening temperature of the gels were elevated by adding PPE, while no significant change was detected by adding polystyrene. The gel became opaque by adding PPE, and partially separated phases were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The dependence of the viscoelastic behavior on the PPE concentration can be explained by the structural change observed by FE-SEM.

关键词： Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Triblock Copolymer Poly(phenylene ether) (PPE) Oil Gel Naphthenic Oil

Hormones and phenotypic plasticity： Implications for the evolution of integrated adaptive phenotypes

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 506-525页

作者： Sean C. LEMA Jun KITANO Biological Sciences Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407-0401 Ecological Genetics Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Mishima Shizuoka Japan

It is generally accepted that taxa exhibit genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity, but many questions remain unanswered about how divergent plastic responses evolve under dissimilar ecological conditions. Hormones are signaling molecules that act as proximate mediators of phenotype expression by regulating a variety of cellular, physiological, and behavioral responses. Hormones not only change cellular and physiological states but also influence gene expression directly or indirectly, thereby linking environmental conditions to phenotypic development. Studying how hormonal pathways respond to environmental variation and how those responses differ between individuals, populations, and species can expand our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we explore the ways that the study of hormone signaling is providing new insights into the underlying proximate bases for individual, population or species variation in plasticity. Using several studies as exemplars, we examine how a ‘norm of reaction’ approach can be used in investigations of hormone-mediated plasticity to inform the following: 1) how environmental cues affect the component hormones, receptors and enzymes that comprise any endocrine signaling pathway, 2) how genetic and epigenetic variation in endocrine-associated genes can generate variation in plasticity among these diverse components, and 3) how phenotypes mediated by the same hormone can be coupled and decoupled via independent plastic responses of signaling components across target tissues. Future studies that apply approaches such as reaction norms and network modeling to questions concerning how hormones link environmental stimuli to ecologically-relevant phenotypic responses should help unravel how phenotypic plasticity evolves.

关键词：表型可塑性激素信号自适应环境因素进化集成遗传变异生理状态

Timing and Spouting Height of Sand Boils Caused by Liquefaction during the 2010 Mw 6.9 Yushu Earthquake, Tibetan Plateau, China

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2015年第1期4卷 14-22页

作者： Bing Yan Aiming Lin Graduate School of Science and Technology Shizuoka University Shizuoka Japan Department of Geophysics Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Kyoto Japan

The 2010 Mw 6.9 Yushu earthquake produced a ~33-km-long co-seismic surface rupture zone along the pre-existing active Yushu Fault on China’s central Tibetan Plateau. Sand boils occurred along the tension cracks of the co-seismic surface rupture zone, and locally spouted up above the ground to coat the top of limestone blocks that had slid down from an adjacent ~300-m-high mountain slope. Based on our observations, the relations between the arrival times of P- and S-waves at the sand-boil location and the seismic rupture velocity, we conclude that 1) the sand boils occurred at least 18.24 s after the main shock;2) it took at least 4.09 - 9.79 s after the formation of co-seismic surface rupture to generate liquefaction at the sand-boil location;3) the spouting height of sand boils was at least 65 cm. Our findings help to clarify the relationships between the timing of lique-faction and the spouting height of sand boils during a large-magnitude earthquake.

关键词： Liquefaction Sand Boil 2010 Mw 6.9 Yushu Earthquake Co-Seismic Surface Rupture Tibetan Plateau

Reduction of the Beam Hardening Artifacts in the X-Ray Computer Tomography: Energy Discrimination with a Photon-Counting Detector

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2012年第4期2卷 169-173页

作者： Yukino Imura Takuto Yanagida Hisashi Morii Hidenori Mimura Toru Aoki Graduate School of Science and Technology Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan Research institute of Electronics Shizuoka University Hamamatsu Japan

The material identification is a pressing requirement for the sensitive security applications. Dual-energy X-ray computer tomography (DXCT) has been investigated for material identification in the medical and security fields. It requires two tomographic images at sufficiently different energies. To discriminate dangerous materials of light elements such as plastic bombs in luggage, it is needed to measure accurately with several tens of kilo electron volts where such materials exhibit significant spectral differences. However, CT images in that energy region often include artifacts from beam hardening. To reduce these artifacts, a novel reconstruction method has been investigated. It is an extension of the Al-gebraic Reconstruction Technique and Total Variation (ART-TV) method that reduces the artifacts in a lower-energy CT image by referencing it to an image obtained at higher energy. The CT image of a titanium sample was recon-structed using this method in order to demonstrate the artifact reduction capability.

关键词： X-Ray Computer Tomography Artifacts Photon Counting Iterative Reconstruction ART-TV Titanium Sample Security Applications