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Clinical infections in neurosurgical oncology:An overview

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第15期11卷 3418-3433页

作者： Tomaz Velnar Nina Kocivnik Roman Bosnjak Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Alma Mater Europaea-ECM Maribor Maribor 2000Slovenia Faculty of Pharmacy University of LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia

Central nervous system(CNS)infections are urgent conditions with high morbidity and mortality.Bacteria,viruses,parasites or fungi can cause them.Intracranial infections after craniotomies are an important complication of treatment,especially in oncological patients that are already immunologically compromised due to the disease and treatment.The consequence of CNS infections in oncological patients includes longer treatment with antibiotics,additional surgical procedures,higher treatment costs and poorer treatment outcomes.Additionally,the management of primary pathology may be prolonged or postponed as a result of the active infection.By introducing new and improved protocols,tightening controls on their implementation,constantly educating the entire team involved in patient treatment and educating both patients and relatives,the incidence of infections can be reduced effectively.

关键词： Infection Central nervous system Neurosurgery Oncology

Base lubricants for green stamping:The effects of their structure and viscosity on tribological performance

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Friction 2023年第9期11卷 1741-1754页

作者： Marko POLAJNAR LucijaČOGA Mitjan KALIN Laboratory for Tribology and Interface Nanotechnology Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia

The requirements for green and sustainable manufacturing mean that stamping lubricants must be continuously re-evaluated and re-designed.In this investigation,the tribological performance of four base oils with different chemical structures(paraffinic and naphthenic)and viscosities(2 and 20 cSt),as well as water,was evaluated for the stamping of steel sheets and compared with a non-lubricated contact.Most lubricants reduce the coefficient of friction and maintain a similar wear coefficient for steel sheets as in dry contacts.Low-viscosity(LV)naphthenic oil performs very like both high-viscosity(HV)oils.A surprising exception is the LV paraffinic oil,with several-times-higher friction and wear compared to dry contact.This is due to the excellent wetting-spreading and very low cohesion forces that enable oil to escape from extremely thin-film contacts because the viscosity is so low,leading to lubricant starvation.In contrast,HV oils provide a sufficiently thick lubricating film,while strong cohesive forces help in the film’s strength,lessening wear,and reducing friction.In thin-film lubrication with LV oils,such as when stamping,it is thus extremely important that the lubricant’s wetting behaviour and viscosity are sufficient to provide enough film in the contact and prevent starvation,thus ensuring lower friction,less wear,and a longer lifetime of the contact.

关键词： stamping viscosity water paraffinic oil naphthenic oil wetting

Total Graphs Are Laplacian Integral

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Algebra Colloquium 2022年第3期29卷 427-436页

作者： David Dolžan Polona Oblak Department of Mathematics Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of LjubljanaJadranska 21SI-1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Facultyof Computerand Information Science University of Ljubljana Vecna pot 113SI-1000 LjubljanaSlovenia

We prove that the Laplacian matrix of the total graph of a finite commutative ring with identity has integer eigenvalues and present a recursive formula for computing its eigenvalues and eigenvectors.We also prove that the total graph of a finite commutative local ring with identity is super integral and give an example showing that this is not true for arbitrary rings.

关键词： eigenvalue eigenvector Laplacian matrix total graph Laplacian integral

Can infrared thermography be used to monitor fatigue during exercise? A case study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第1期8卷 89-92页

作者： Vedran Had?i Brane irok Ale? Malner?i? Milan oh Faculty of Sport University in Ljubljana Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University in Ljubljana

Background: Infrared thermographic imaging(IRTG) is a safe and reliable technology used to monitor skin temperature. The main aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between skin temperature changes and muscle fatigue in order to answer the main research question if IRTG can be used to monitor muscle fatigue.Methods: This was a case study performed on a 23-year-old trained middle distance runner. After warm-up the subject was exercising on the dynamometer for 7.5 min at 120?/s performing only concentric contractions of quadriceps. At the same time IRTG recording of both(exercising and non-exercising) quadriceps was performed.Results: A correlational analysis that was performed in order to quantify the relationship between power and temperature change over time has shown that there is a significant negative correlation between skin temperature increase and power decrease(r = -0.543, p = 0.036) of exercising quadriceps. In linear regression model the exercising quadriceps power could be predicted from skin temperature. No such relationships were noted for the non-exercising limb that served as a control.Conclusion: We believe that correlation between skin temperature change and muscle power output as described in this case study deserves further analysis on the larger sample including subjects of the different ages, health status, and physical abilities in order to create a new tool for monitoring the muscle fatigue.

关键词： Correlation Fatigue Isokinetic Quadriceps Strength Thermographic imaging

Selective dorsal rhizotomy in cerebral palsy spasticity-a newly established operative technique in Slovenia: A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第10期7卷 1133-1141页

作者： Tomaz Velnar Peter Spazzapan Zoran Rodi Natasa Kos Roman Bosnjak Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia AMEU-ECM Maribor Ljubljana 1000Slovenia Department of Neurophysiology University Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Medical Rehabilitation Unit University Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia

BACKGROUND Spasticity affects a large number of children,mainly in the setting of cerebral palsy,however,only a few paediatric neurosurgeons deal with this problem.This is mainly due to the fact that until 1979,when Fasano has published the first series of selective dorsal rhizotomy(SDR),neurosurgeons were able to provide such children only a modest help.The therapy of spasticity has made a great progress since then.Today,peroral drugs,intramuscular and intrathecal medicines are available,that may limit the effects of the disease.In addition,surgical treatment is gaining importance,appearing in the form of deep brain stimulation,peripheral nerve procedures and SDR.All these options offer the affected children good opportunities of improving the quality of life.CASE SUMMARY A 15-year old boy is presented that was surgically treated for spasticity as a result of cerebral palsy.Laminotomy at L1 level was performed and L1 to S1 nerve roots were isolated and divided in smaller fascicles.Then,the SDR was made.CONCLUSION We describe a patient report and surgical technique of SDR that was performed in Slovenia for the first time.

关键词： Cerebral palsy Spasticity Selective dorsal rhizotomy Operation Case report

A model for potential non-contact ski injuries of the knee

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020年第3期2卷 126-131页

作者： Roman Trobec Gregor Kosec Matjaz Veselko Institut Jozef Stefan LjubljanaSlovenia Department of Traumatology University Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia

Broadly accepted is that most knee injuries result from increased vertical forces,usually induced by an incidental ski fall,collision,or a high jump.We present a new non-contact knee injury mechanism that can happen during a ski turn.Such an injury is governed by a sudden inward turn of the inner ski and consequent swing of the inner leg followed by a nearly instant stop when locked by hip and knee joints.The model provides predictive results for a lateral tibial plateau compression fracture because several simplifications have been made.We confirmed that the modelled compression stresses at typical skiing conditions and with typical skiing equipment can provoke serious knee injuries.The awareness of skiers and skiing equipment industry of the described knee injury mechanism can act as an important injury-prevention factor.

关键词： Non-contact injury Knee Biomechanical model Compression fracture Lateral tibial plateau

Helicobacter pylori virulence genes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第33期25卷 4870-4884页

作者： Anja Sterbenc Erika Jarc Mario Poljak Matjaz Homan Institute of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionUniversity Children’s HospitalFaculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia

Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is one of the most important human pathogens,infecting approximately half of the global population.Despite its high prevalence,only a subset of H.pylori infected individuals develop serious gastroduodenal pathology.The pathogenesis of H.pylori infection and disease outcome is thus thought to be mediated by an intricate interplay between host,environmental and bacterial virulence factors.H.pylori has adapted to the harsh milieu of the human stomach through possession of various virulence genes that enable survival of the bacteria in the acidic environment,movement towards the gastric epithelium,and attachment to gastric epithelial cells.These virulence factors enable successful colonization of the gastric mucosa and sustain persistent H.pylori infection,causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage,which may eventually lead to the development of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer.Numerous studies have focused on the prevalence and role of putative H.pylori virulence genes in disease pathogenesis.While several virulence factors with various functions have been identified,disease associations appear to be less evident,especially among different study populations.This review presents key findings on the most important H.pylori virulence genes,including several bacterial adhesins and toxins,in children and adults,and focuses on their prevalence,clinical significance and potential relationships.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Virulence genes Disease association Children Adults Outer membrane proteins Bacterial toxins

Intra-ampullary papillary-tubular neoplasm combined with ampullary neuroendocrine carcinoma:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第22期10卷 8045-8053页

作者： Hana Zavrtanik Boštjan Luzar AlešTomažič Department of Abdominal Surgery University Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Institute of Pathology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Faculty of Medicine University of LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia

BACKGROUND The ampulla of Vater is an anatomically and histologically complex region giving rise to a heterogenous group of tumors.This is,to the best of our knowledge,the first case of intra-ampullary papillary-tubular neoplasm combined with ampullary neuroendocrine carcinoma reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old woman presented to the emergency department for evaluation of painless jaundice.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT)of the abdomen and chest showed a periampullary tumor mass measuring 15 mm×12 mm×14 mm,with no evidence of locoregional and distant metastases,for which she underwent pancreatoduodenectomy.Histopathologic examination of a resected specimen revealed an intra-ampullary papillary tubular neoplasm with highgrade dysplasia in combination with poorly differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine carcinoma with a mitotic count of more than 20 mitoses per 10 high power fields and Ki-67 index of 100%.No positive lymph nodes were identified.Her postoperative course was uneventful.Postoperatively,she remained under close surveillance.Multiple liver metastases were observed on follow-up CT 8 mo after the surgery,so systemic therapy with cisplatin and etoposide was initiated.CONCLUSION The simultaneous occurrence of neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine tumors in the ampulla of Vater is rare and the pathogenesis of such tumors is largely unknown.Due to unpredictable clinical behavior and lack of solid evidence on optimal treatment strategy,close patient surveillance is advised after radical resection of the primary tumor.

关键词： Ampulla of Vater Neuroendocrine carcinoma Mixed tumour Pancreaticoduodenectomy Prognosis Case report

Wells’syndrome possibly caused by hematologic malignancy,influenza vaccination or ibrutinib:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第30期10卷 10997-11003页

作者： Mihela Šajn Boštjan Luzar Samo Zver Department of Hematology University Medical Centre LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Institute of Pathology Medical Faculty LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Medical Faculty University of LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia

BACKGROUND Wells’ syndrome(eosinophilic cellulitis) is an uncommon eosinophilic dermatosis of uncertain pathogenesis,characterized by clinical polymorphism and suggestive but nonspecific histopathologic traits.Its course is recurrent,and response to therapy is unpredictable.In a case in which the patient has a number of potential triggers for the manifestation of Wells’ syndrome skin rash,the treating physician must decide or must make an assumption in order to establish the most likely clinical scenario.This is important for the patient’s future treatment plans.CASE SUMMARY We describe the clinical case of a 46-year-old female with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who had already received treatment for several months with ibrutinib.She was diagnosed with Wells’ syndrome 10 d after an influenza vaccination containing thimerosal.Based on the literature,the patient was treated with a course of oral steroids.Resolution of clinical symptoms and rash were observed in response to the treatment.Ibrutinib was not discontinued.CONCLUSION The etiology of Wells’ syndrome remains unknown.Clinically,it resembles bacterial cellulitis.Lack of response to antibiotic treatment should lead the physician to consider a diagnosis of Wells’ syndrome.Treating the underlying condition is important and may lead to resolution of the syndrome.However,the most common and effective treatment to limit the course of the disease are systemic steroids.

关键词： Wells’syndrome Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Ibrutinib Thimerosal-containing influenza vaccine Clinical case Case report