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Apparent diffusion coefficient values of normal testis and variations with age

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第3期16卷 493-497页

作者： Athina C Tsili Dimitrios Giannakis Anastasios Sylakos Alexandra Ntorkou Loukas G Astrakas Nikolaos Sofikitis Maria I Argyropoulou Department of Clinical Radiology University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece Department of Urology University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece Department of Medical Physics University of Ioannina Ioannina Greece.

The usefulness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （DWI） in the evaluation of scrotal pathology has recently been reported. A standard reference of normal testicular apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） values and their variations with age is necessary when interpreting normal testicular anatomy and pathology. We evaluated 147 normal testes using DWI, including 71 testes from 53 men aged 20-39years （group 1）, 67 testes from 42 men aged 40-69 years （group 2） and nine testes from six men older than 70years （group 3）. DWI was performed along the axial plane, using a single shot, multislice spin-echo planar diffusion pulse sequence and b-values of 0 and 900 s mm-2. The mean and standard deviation of the ADC values of normal testicular parenchyma were calculated for each age group separately. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） followed by post hoc analysis （Dunnett T3） was used for statistical purposes. The ADC values （x 10-3 mm2s-1） of normal testicular tissue were different among age groups （group 1：1.08 ± 0.13; group 2：1.15 ±0.15 and group 3：1.31± 0.22）. ANOVA revealed differences in mean ADC among age groups （F= 11.391, P〈 0.001）. Post hoc analysis showed differences between groups 1 and 2 （P= 0.008） and between groups 1 and 3 （P= 0.043）, but not between groups 2 and 3 （P= 0.197）. Our findings suggest that ADC values of normal testicular tissue increase with advancing age.

关键词： age apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging testis

Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of normal and abnorma scrotum： preliminary results

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第4期14卷 649-654页

作者： Athina C Tsili Maria I Argyropoulou Dimitrios Giannakis Stavros Tsampalas Nikolaos Sofikitis Konstantinos Tsampoulas Department of Clinical Radiology University Hospital of Ioannina Ioannina 45500 Greece Department of Urology University Hospital of Ioannina Ioannina 45500 Greece

Magnetic resonance （MR） imaging of the scrotum represents an important supplemental diagnostic tool in the evaluation of scrotal diseases. Diffusion-weighted （DW） MR imaging is a developing technique, proved to improve tissue characterization. We evaluated the feasibility and diagnostic performance of DW MR imaging in the detection and characterization of scrotal lesions. We retrospectively evaluated 31 scrotal lesions （23 intratesticular and 8 extratesticular） in 26 men. All MR examinations were performed on a 1.5-T unit, using a pelvic-phased array coil. DW sequences were obtained using a single shot, multislice spin echo planar diffusion pulse sequence and a b factor of 0 and 900 s mm-2. The DW MR characteristics and the apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） values of normal scrotal contents and scrotal diseases were evaluated. Comparison between the ADC values of normal scrotum, benign lesions and scrotal malignancies was performed. The accuracy of conventional sequences, DW images alone and DW imaging combined with conventional images in differentiating benign from malignant scmtal lesions was calculated. The ADC values of testicular malignancies were different from those of normal testis and benign intratesticular lesions, and the ADC values of benign extratesticular lesions from those of normal epididymis （P〈0.05）. The overall accuracy of conventional imaging, DW imaging alone and DW MR combined with conventional sequences in the characterization of intratesticular lesions was 91%, 87% and 100%, respectively. Our findings suggest that DW MR imaging and ADC values may provide valuable information in the diagnosis and characterization of scrotal diseases.

关键词： diagnosis epididymis male genital neoplasms scrotum testicular neoplasms testis

P-Tree Structures and Event Horizon： Efficient Event-Set Implementations

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2006年第1期21卷 19-26页

作者： Katerina Asdre Stavros D. Nikolopoulos Department of Computer Science University of Ioannina GR-45110 Ioannina Greece

This paper describes efficient data structures, namely the Indexed P-tree, Block P-tree, and Indexed-Block P-tree （or/P-tree, BP-tree, and IBP-tree, respectively, for short）, for maintaining future events in a general purpose discrete event simulation system, and studies the performance of their event set algorithms under the event horizon principle. For comparison reasons, some well-known event set algorithms have been selected and studied, that is, the Dynamic-heap and the P-tree algorithms. To gain insight into the performance of the proposed event set algorithms and allow comparisons with the other selected algorithms, they are tested under a wide variety of conditions in an experimental way. The time needed for the execution of the Hold operation is taken as the measure for estimating the average time complexity of the algorithms. The experimental results show that the BP-tree algorithm and the IBP-tree algorithm behave very well with the event set of all the sizes and their performance is almost independent of the stochastic distributions.

关键词： discrete-event simulation event set algorithms hold model event horizon data structures heap P-tree P-tree structures

Trends of nanotechnology in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021年第1期16卷 62-76页

作者： Yannis V.Simos Konstantinos Spyrou Michaela Patila Niki Karouta Haralambos Stamatis Dimitrios Gournis Evangelia Dounousi Dimitrios Peschos Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Biological Applications and TechnologiesUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Department of Nephrology Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Research Group University of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece

There are several therapeutic approaches in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).When diet and exercise fail to control hyperglycemia,patients are forced to start therapy with antidiabetic ***,these drugs present several drawbacks that can affect the course of *** major disadvantages of current oral modalities for the treatment of T2DM are mainly depicted in the low bioavailability and the immediate release of the drug,generating the need for an increase in frequency of *** conjugation with the manifestation of adverse side effects,patient compliance to therapy is *** the past few years nanotechnology has found fertile ground in the development of novel delivery modalities that can potentially enhance anti-diabetic regimes *** efforts have been targeted towards two main vital steps:(a)to protect the drug by encapsulating it into a nano-carrier system and(b)efficiently release the drug in a gradual as well as controllable ***,only a limited number of studies published in the literature used in vivo techniques in order to support *** we discuss the current disadvantages of modern T2DMmarketed drugs,and the nanotechnology advances supported by in vivo in mouse/rat models of glucose *** generation of drug nanocarriers may increase bioavailability,prolong release and therefore reduce dosing and thus,improve patient *** novel approach might substantially improve quality of life for *** ofmetal nanoformulations as indirect hypoglycemic agents is also discussed.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Nanotechnology Hyperglycemia Controlled release In vivo

Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and choline dehydrogenase gene polymorphisms are associated with human sperm concentration

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第5期14卷 778-783页

作者： Leandros Lazaros Nectaria Xita Elissavet Hatzi Apostolos Kaponis Georgios Makrydimas Atsushi Takenaka Nikolaos Sofikitis Theodoros Stefos Konstantinos Zikopoulos Ioannis Georgiou Genetics and IVF Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Ioannina Ioannina 45110 Greece Department of Endocrinology Medica School University of Ioannina Ioannina 45110 Greece Department of Urology Tottori University Faculty of Medicine Totteri 683-8504 Japan Department of Urology Medical School University of Ioannina Ioannina 45110 Greece

Choline is a crucial factor in the regulation of sperm membrane structure and fluidity, and this nutrient plays an important role in the maturation and fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. Transcripts of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase （PEMT） and choline dehydrogenase （CHDH）, two basic enzymes of choline metabolism, have been observed in the human testis, demonstrating their gene expression in this tissue. In the present study, we explored the contribution of the PEMTand CHDHgene variants to sperm parameters. Two hundred oligospermic and 250 normozoospermic men were recruited. DNA was extracted from the spermatozoa, and the PEMT -774G〉C and CHDH ＋432G〉T polymorphisms were genotyped. The genotype distribution of the PEMT-774G〉C polymorphism did not differ between oligospermic and normozoospermic men. In contrast, in the case of the CHDH ＋432G〉T polymorphism, oligospermic men presented the CHDH432GIG genotype more frequently than normozoospermic men （62% vs. 42%, P〈0.001）. The PEMT774GIG genotype was associated with a higher sperm concentration compared to the PEMT774GIC and 774C/C genotypes in oligospermic men （12.5±5.6× 10^6 spermatozoa m1-1 vs. 8.3±5.2×10^6 spermatozoa m1-1, P〈0.002） and normozoospermic men （81.5±55.6×10^6 vs. 68.1±44.5×10^6 spermatozoa m1-1, P〈0.006）. In addition, the CHDH432G/G genotype was associated with higher sperm concentration compared to CHDH432G.T and 432T/T genotypes in oligospermic （11.8±5.1×10^6 vs. 7.8±5.3×10^6 spermatozoa m1-1, P〈0.003） and normozoospermic men （98.6±62.2×10^6 vs. 58.8±＋33.6×10^6 spermatozoa m1-1, P〉0.001）. In our series, the PEMT-774G〈C and CHDH ＋432G〈T polymorphisms were associated with sperm concentration. This finding suggests a possible influence of these genes on sperm quality.

关键词： choline dehydrogenase male infertility phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase phospholipids spermconcentration

Effect of testosterone replacement treatment on constitutional and sexual symptoms in type 2 diabetic men. need for rules

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 217-218页

作者： Fotios Dimitriadis Nikolaos Sofikitis Department of Urology University of Ioannina Medical School Ioannina Greece.

In a recent publication, Gianatti and colleagues investigated the effect of testosterone treatment in obese, aging men with type 2 diabetes （T2D） with mild to moderate symptoms, a modest reduction in testosterone levels, mild to moderate aging male symptoms, and erectile dysfunction？ The authors could not show any significant improvement in constitutional or sexual symptoms in this group of men. This randomized double-blind, parallel, and placebo-controlled trial among other critically emphasizes the increased testosterone prescriptions worldwide and together with other corroborating or contradictory studies awakes the need for guidelines in the androgen replacement treatment.

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Pseudopolyps in inflammatory bowel diseases: Have we learned enough?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第9期23卷 1541-1551页

作者： Dimitrios S Politis Konstantinos H Katsanos Epameinondas V Tsianos Dimitrios K Christodoulou Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital of IoanninaFaculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of Ioannina45110 IoanninaGreece

Pseudopolyps are a well described entity in the literature and even though the exact pathogenesis of their formation is not completely understood, they are considered non-neoplastic lesions originating from the mucosa after repeated periods of inflammation and ulceration associated with excessive healing processes. Their occurrence is less common in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis, and their overall prevalence ranges from 4% to 74%; moreover, they are found more often in colon but have been detected in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract as well. When their size exceeds the arbitrary point of 1.5 cm, they are classified as giant pseudopolyps. Clinical evaluation should differentiate the pseudopolyps from other polypoid lesions, such as the dysplasiaassociated mass or lesion, but this situation represents an ongoing clinical challenge. Pseudopolyps can provoke complications such as bleeding or obstruction, and their management includes medical therapy, endoscopy and surgery; however, no consensus exists about the optimal treatment approach. Patients with pseudopolyps are considered at intermediate risk for colorectal cancer and regular endoscopic monitoring is recommended. Through a review of the literature, we provide here a proposed classification of the characteristics of pseudopolyps.

关键词： Pseudopolyps Inflammatory polyps Post-inflammatory polyps Giant pseudopolyps Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Classification Dysplasia-associated mass or lesion

Symmetry transformations for magnetohydrodynamics and Chew–Goldberger–Low equilibria revisited

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第9期21卷 25-38页

作者： Achilleas EVANGELIAS George N THROUMOULOPOULOS Department of Physics University of Ioannina section of Astrogeophysics

We generalize the symmetry transformations for magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) equilibria with isotropic pressure and incompressible flow parallel to the magnetic field introduced by Bogoyavlenskij in the case of the respective Chew–Goldberger–Low(CGL) equilibria with anisotropic pressure. We find that the geometrical symmetry of the field-aligned equilibria can be broken by those transformations only when the magnetic field is purely poloidal. In this situation we derive three-dimensional CGL equilibria from given axisymmetric ones. Also, we examine the generic symmetry transformations for MHD and CGL equilibria with incompressible flow of an arbitrary direction, introduced in a number of papers, and find that they cannot break the geometrical symmetries of the original equilibria, unless the velocity and magnetic field are collinear and purely poloidal.

关键词： symmetry transformations MHD equilibria breaking of geometrical symmetry plasma flow

von Willebrand factor antigen as a therapeutic target of portal hypertension in cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第19期22卷 4786-4788页

作者： Georgios N Kalambokis Gerasimos Baltayiannis Dimitrios Christodoulou 1^(st) Division of Internal Medicine Medical School University of Ioannina 45110 Ioannina Greece Division of Gastroenterology Medical School University of Ioannina 45110 Ioannina Greece

Increased thrombotic potential within the liver sinusoids due to local endothelial production of von Willebrand factor antigen macromolecules could represent an additional therapeutic target of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis. In this case, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic drugs could modulate portal pressure by preventing the formation of intrahepatic platelet-induced microthrombi.

关键词： von Willebrand factor antigen Endothelial dysfunction Treatment Portal hypertension