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The Effects of Xbox Kinect Active Video Gaming on Executive Function, Inhibition, in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2022年第6期12卷 287-301页

作者： Daphne Golden Ling-Yin Liang Nancy Getchell Department of Physical Therapy University of St. Augustine for the Health Sciences Augustine FL USA Department of Physical Therapy University of Evansville Evansville IN USA Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology University of Delaware Newark DE USA

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of sedentary video gaming (SVG), active video gaming (AVG), and brisk walking (WLK) on inhibition and reaction time using the Flanker task in boys with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We had 9 participants with ASD and 10 age-matched participants without ASD perform 20-minute bouts of each activity, and then had them take the Flanker test. Dependent measures were reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC). A Chi-Square analysis revealed that the ASD and TD groups significantly differed in the percent of participants who improved in both of these measures. Next, we looked at each of the conditions exclusively within the ASD group and compared congruent and incongruent trials. In the AVG condition, participants improved a significantly higher percentage on ACC. In the SVG condition, participants improved a significantly higher percentage on incongruent in RT;for ACC, a higher percentage improved on the congruent trials. In WLK, participants improved a significantly higher percentage in RT in the congruent condition.

关键词： Autism Spectrum Disorder Exergaming Physical Activity Cognitive Function

Racial disparities in obesity for males &females in three southern states in the US, across SES categories

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Health 2012年第12期4卷 1434-1441页

作者： Bisakha Sen Payal Patel-Dovlatabadi Department of Healthcare Organization & Policy University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health 608 University Boulevard Birmingham Birmingham USA Public Health & Director of Public Health Program Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of Evansville Evansville USA

Objectives: Obesity rates in US are substantially higher among African-Americans than Whites. Racial disparities in obesity are sometimes ascribed to racial differences in socio-economic-status (SES). We used data from three states in the southern region of the US with high rates of obesity, to examine the extent of racial disparities within SES categories, particularly examining whether disparities grow smaller at higher levels of income and education. Methods: We used data (2001-2009) from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for 79,676 respondents, African-American and white, from Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana. Multivariate logistic regressions were estimated. Analyses were conducted separately for males and females, for the full sample and by levels of education, income and aggregate SES. Risk-differences (RD), and Relative-Risk-Ratios (RR) were reported to enable inspection of magnitudes of racial gaps, which more conventional odds-ratios does not allow researchers to do. Results: The obesity-gap between African-Americans and Whites is larger for females than males. For males the gap becomes smaller and insignificant in higher education and income categories. For females, the gap remains statistically significant and is of comparable magnitude across all education and income categories. Conclusions: Racial disparities in obesity among males can be largely attributed to SES differences. However, racial disparities among females cannot simply be attributed to racial disparities in SES. Thus, reducing racial differences in income and education may not help reduce disparities in obesity risk among White and African-American females. Further research is required to understand why racial disparities in obesity exist within specific SES categories for females.

关键词： Race Gender Socioeconomic Status Obesity Prevalence Disparities

Phishing Detection with Image Retrieval Based on Improved Texton Correlation Descriptor

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2018年第12期57卷 533-547页

作者： Guoyuan Lin Bowen Liu Pengcheng Xiao Min Lei Wei Bi School of Computer Science and Technology China University of Mining&TechnologyXuzhou221116China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology hosted at Nanjing university Nanjing210023China Department of Mathematics University of EvansvilleIndiana47722USA Information Security Center Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China SeeleTech Corporation San Francisco94107USA Zabatech Corporation Beijing100088China

Anti-detection is becoming as an emerging challenge for *** paper solves the threats of anti-detection from the threshold setting *** webpages are considered to complicate threshold setting condition when the threshold is *** to the common visual behavior which is easily attracted by the salient region of webpages,image retrieval methods based on texton correlation descriptor(TCD)are improved to obtain enough webpages which have similarity in the salient region for the images of *** are two steps for improving TCD which has advantage of recognizing the salient region of images:(1)This paper proposed Weighted Euclidean Distance based on neighborhood location(NLW-Euclidean distance)and double cross windows,and combine them to solve the problems in TCD;(2)Space structure is introduced to map the image set to Euclid space so that similarity relation among images can be used to complicate threshold setting *** results show that the proposed method can improve the effectiveness of anti-phishing and make the system more stable,and significantly reduce the possibilities of being hacked to be used as mining systems for blockchain.

关键词： Anti-phishing blockchain texton correlation descriptor weighted euclidean distance image retrieval

The impact of XBRL on information asymmetry:evidence from loan contracting

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Journal of Management Analytics 2017年第2期4卷 145-158页

作者： Dazhi Chong Hui Shi Liuliu(Luna)Fu Hao Ji Gongjun Yan School of Management California Lutheran UniversityThousand OaksCAUSA Department of Management and Information Sciences University of Southern IndianaEvansvilleINUSA Department of Information Systems California State UniversityLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Computer Science California State Polytechnic UniversityPomonaCAUSA

This paper examines whether and how the adoption of eXtensible Business Reporting Language(XBRL)reduces information asymmetry in loan *** hypothesize that the adoption of XBRL can enhance information dissemination and mitigate the information asymmetry problem between borrowers and *** a sample of 554 US bank loan contracts,we find that borrowers who adopt XBRL enjoy more favourable price and nonprice terms of bank loan *** analyses indicate that the relations among XBRL adoption and bank loan price vary with loan ***,this research provides evidence that technology advancements such as XBRL reduce cost of bank loans by decreasing information asymmetry between borrowers and lenders.

关键词： information asymmetry XBRL accounting information bank loan price

Brain Activation in the Prefrontal Cortex during Motor and Cognitive Tasks in Adults

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2016年第12期6卷 463-474页

作者： Ling-Yin Liang Patricia A. Shewokis Nancy Getchell Department of Physical Therapy University of Evansville Evansville IN USA Department of Nutrition Sciences College of Nursing and Health Professions School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology Biomechanics and Movement Science Program University of Delaware Newark DE USA

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in cognitive function, involved in Executive Functions (EFs) such as planning, working memory, and inhibition. Activation in the PFC also occurs during some motor activities. One commonly used tool to assess EF is the Tower of Hanoi, demonstrating sensitivity to PFC dysfunction. However, limited neuroimaging evidence is available to support the contribution of the PFC in the Tower of Hanoi task. In the current study, we use functional near infrared (fNIR) spectroscopy to examine hemodynamic responses associated with neural activity in the PFC in adults as they participate in the Tower of Hanoi task. We compared changes in cerebral oxygenation during resting, a motor task (tapping), and the Tower of Hanoi in 16 neurotypical adults, with measures of relative changes in concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (Δoxy-Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Δdeoxy-Hb) taken throughout tasks, as well as total hemoglobin (ΔHbT) and oxygenation (Δoxy). Performance on the Tower of Hanoi was measured by the number of moves used to complete each level and the highest level of successful performance (3, 4, or 5 disks). We found a significant higher value of Δoxy-Hb and Δoxy in dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) during the Tower of Hanoi as compared to tapping and resting. Significant changes in Δdeoxy-Hb and ΔHbT during the Tower of Hanoi were found in the right DLPFC only. These results support the notion that the Tower of Hanoi task requires higher levels of PFC activity than a similar motor task with low executive function demands.

关键词： Prefrontal Cortex Functional Near Infrared (fNIR) Cognitive Task Tower of Hanoi

A Scalable Privacy Preserving Scheme in Vehicular Network

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Computer Aided Drafting,Design and Manufacturing 2014年第1期24卷 64-73页

作者： YAN Gong-jun SHI Hui Awny Alnusair Matthew Todd Bradley university of Southern Indiana EvansvilleIN 47712USA Old Dominion university NorfolkVA 23529USA Indiana university KokomoIN 46904USA.

Vehicles enlisted with computing, sensing and communicating devices can create vehicular networks, a subset of cooperative systems in heterogeneous environments, aiming at improving safety and entertainment in traffic. In vehicular networks, a vehicle＇s identity is associated to its owner＇s identity as a unique linkage. Therefore, it is of importance to protect privacy of vehicles from being possibly tracked. Obviously, the privacy protection must be scalable because of the high mobility and large population of vehicles. In this work, we take a non-trivial step towards protecting privacy of vehicles. As privacy draws public concerns, we firstly present privacy implications of operational challenges from the public policy perspective. Additionally, we envision vehicular networks as geographically partitioned subnetworks （cells）. Each subnetwork maintains a list of pseudonyms. Each pseudonym includes the cell＇s geographic id and a random number as host id. Before starting communication, vehicles need to request a pseudonym on demand from pseudonym server. In order to improve utilization of pseudonyms, we address a stochastic model with time-varying arrival and departure rates. Our main contribution includes： 1） proposing a scalable and effective algorithm to protect privacy; 2） providing analytical results of probability, variance and expected number of requests on pseudonym servers. The empirical results confirm the accuracy of our analytical predictions.

关键词： privacy vehicular ad hoc networks analytical prediction

Developmental and Condition-Related Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Rest

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2016年第12期6卷 485-497页

作者： Ling-Yin Liang Jia-Jin Jason Chen Patricia A. Shewokis Nancy Getchell Department of Physical Therapy University of Evansville Evansville IN USA Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Taiwan Department of Nutrition Sciences College of Nursing & Health Professions & School of Biomedical Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology Biomechanics and Movement Science Program University of Delaware Newark DE USA

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in cognitive process related to executive function, but is also active during resting states. Quantifying prefrontal cortex activity during resting states provides a baseline for interpreting task-induced brain activity. Researchers commonly use resting conditions where participants are prompted to stare at a screen (eyes open) or close their eyes (eyes closed). Are these two conditions equivalent representations of a baseline resting state? Further, does prefrontal cortex activity during these conditions change as a function of development? The aim of this study was to examine differences in prefrontal cortex activity between eyes open and eyes closed conditions during resting states in children and adults to provide a rationale of proper selection of baseline condition in future research. Thirty-six participants in 3 age groups were recruited in this study including twenty-four adults, five 12 - 15 years old children, and seven 8 - 11 years old children. Relative changes in concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (Δoxy-Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Δdeoxy-Hb) were obtained by using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) in eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO) conditions, 3 minutes each. Contrasts were tested to compare the differences of Δoxy-Hb and Δdeoxy-Hb between eyes open and eyes closed conditions. The EC condition had significantly higher Δoxy-Hb than EO when all groups were combined (t (17.268) = 3.021, p = .008, Cohen’s d = –0.72). When comparing Δoxy-Hb between eyes conditions within each group, the younger group had significantly higher Δoxy-Hb in EC than EO (t (9.459) = 2.734, p = 0.022, Cohen’s d = –1.46). Based on these results, the EO condition may be a better baseline condition, particularly in studies with younger children, since it has less activity in the PFC that could interfere with interpretations of task-induced activity.

关键词： Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Developmental Changes Resting Conditions Eyes Open (EO) Eyes Closed (EC)

DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ACROSS ASIA-PACIFIC COUNTRIES(REGIONS):A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

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DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ...