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Human endogenous retrovirus type-W and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan Robert Hoepner Patrick Küry Department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-W(HERV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation Human

Generation of millijoule-level sub-5 fs violet laser pulses

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 33-40页

作者： Xinhua Xie Yi Hung Yunpei Deng Adrian L.Cavalieri Andrius Baltuška Steven L.Johnson SwissFEL Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSISwitzerland Photonics Institute Technische Universität WienViennaAustria Institute of Applied Physics University of BernBernSwitzerland Institute for Quantum Electronics Physics DepartmentETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland

We demonstrate the generation,spectral broadening and post-compression of second harmonic pulses using a thin beta barium borate(BBO)crystal on a fused-silica substrate as the nonlinear interaction *** combining second harmonic generation in the BBO crystal with self-phase modulation in the fused-silica substrate,we efficiently generate millijoule-level broadband violet pulses from a single optical *** second harmonic spectrum covers a range from long wave ultraviolet(down to 310 nm)to visible(up to 550 nm)with a bandwidth of 65 ***,we compress the second harmonic beam to a duration of 4.8 fs with a pulse energy of 0.64 mJ(5 fs with a pulse energy of 1.05 mJ)using chirped *** all-solid free-space apparatus is compact,robust and pulse energy scalable,making it highly advantageous for generating intense second harmonic pulses from near-infrared femtosecond lasers in the sub-5 fs regime.

关键词： post-compression second harmonic generation self-phase modulation supercontinuum generation

Trade-offs between the accumulation of cuticular wax and jasmonic acid-mediated herbivory resistance in maize

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第1期66卷 143-159页

作者： Jiong Liu Lu Li Zhilong Xiong Christelle AMRobert Baozhu Li Shan He Wenjie Chen Jiasheng Bi Guanqing Zhai Siyi Guo Hui Zhang Jieping Li Shutang Zhou Xi Zhang Chun‐Peng Song School of Life Sciences Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‐Breeding and Integrated Utilization Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Sanya Institute of Henan university Sanya 572025China Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernBern 3013Switzerland

Plants have evolved complex physical and chemical defense systems that allow them to withstand herbivory *** of a complex mixture of very-long-chain fatty acids(VLCFAs)and their derivatives,cuticular wax constitutes the first physical line of defense against ***,we report the function of Glossy 8(ZmGL8),which encodes a 3-ketoacyl reductase belonging to the fatty acid elongase complex,in orchestrating wax production and jasmonic acid(JA)-mediated defenses against herbivores in maize(Zea mays).The mutation of GL8 enhanced chemical defenses by activating the JA-dependent *** observed a trade-off between wax accumulation and JA levels across maize glossy mutants and 24 globally collected maize inbred *** addition,we demonstrated that mutants defective in cuticular wax biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana and maize exhibit enhanced chemical *** transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses indicated that the gl8 mutant confers chemical resistance to herbivores by remodeling VLCFA-related lipid metabolism and subsequent JA biosynthesis and *** results suggest that VLCFA-related lipid metabolism has a critical role in regulating the trade-offs between cuticular wax and JA-mediated chemical defenses.

关键词： cuticular wax fall armyworm herbivore resistance jasmonic acid maize plant-herbivore interactions

Smarter in the city?Lizards from urban and semi-natural habitats do not differ in a cognitive task in two syntopic species

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 361-370页

作者： Isabel Damas-Moreira Birgit Szabo Georgios Drosopoulos Carolin Stober Duje Lisičić Barbara ACaspers Department of Behavioural Ecology Bielefeld University33615Germany Division of Behavioural Ecology University of Bern3032Switzerland Department of Biology University of Zagreb10000Croatia Joint Institute of Individualisation in a Changing Environment(JICE) University of Münster and Bielefeld University33615Germany

Urbanization occurs at a global scale,imposing dramatic and abrupt environmental changes that lead to biodiversity ***,some animal species can handle these changes,and thrive in such artifcial *** possible explanation is that urban individuals are equipped with better cognitive abilities,but most studies have focused on birds and mammals and yielded varied *** have received much less attention,despite some lizard species being common city *** Italian wall lizard,Podarcis siculus,and the common wall lizard,Podarcis muralis,are two successful lizards in anthropogenic habitats that thrive in urban *** test for differences in a cognitive skill between urban and semi-natural environments,we investigated inhibitory control through a detour task in syntopic populations of the two species,across 249 lizards that were tested in partially artifcial feld *** inhibitory control is considered essential for higher degrees of cognitive fexibility and other higher-level cognitive *** this task,we confronted lizards with a transparent barrier,separating them from a desired shelter area that they could only reach by controlling their impulse to go straight and instead detour the *** found no differences between lizards in urban and semi-natural environments,nor between species,but females overall performed better than ***,48%of the lizards in our study did not perform a correct trial in any of the 5 trials,hinting at the diffculty of the task for these spe*** study is among the frst to address lizard cognition,through their inhibitory control,as a potential explanation for success in cities and highlights one should be careful with assuming that urban animals generally have enhanced cognitive performance,as it might be taxa,task,or condition dependent.

关键词： Podarcis siculus Podarcis muralis Behavior Cognition Detour task Reptile.

Histologic subtypes of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第7期15卷 835-839页

作者： Nicola Giudici Roland Seiler Department of Urology Spitalzentrum BielBiel 2501Switzerland Department of BioMedical Research University of BernBern 3010Switzerland

The majority of bladder cancers(BCs)are non-muscle invasive BCs(NMIBCs)and show the morphology of a conventional urothelial carcinoma(UC).Aberrant morphology is rare but can be *** classification and characterization of histologic subtypes(HS)in UC in BC have mainly been described in muscle in-vasive bladder cancer(MIBC).However,the currently used classification is ap-plied for invasive urothelial neoplasm and therefore,also valid for a subset of *** standard transurethral diagnostic work-up misses the presence of HS in NMIBC in a considerable percentage of patients and the real prevalence is not *** in NMIBC are associated with an aggressive ***-quently,clinical guidelines categorize HS of NMIBC as“(very)high-risk”tumors and recommend offering radical cystectomy to these *** strategies for bladder preservation can only be offered to highly selected patients and ideally within clinical *** treatment strategies and biomarkers have been established MIBC and NMIBC but have not been comprehensively invest-igated in the context of HS in *** evaluation prior to implementation into clinical practice is needed.

关键词： Urothelial carcinoma Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Muscle invasive bladder cancer Histologic subtypes Histologic variants

Odor cues rather than personality affect tadpole deposition in a neotropical poison frog

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 332-342页

作者： Melissa Peignier Max Ringler Eva Ringler Division of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of BernCH-3032 HinterkappelenSwitzerland Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna1210 ViennaAustria Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology University of Vienna1030 ViennaAustria Departmento f Evolutionary Biology UniversityofVienna1030ViennaAustria lnstitute of Electronic Music and Acoustics University of Music and Performing Arts Graz8010 GrazAustria

Animals constantly need to evaluate available external and internal information to make appropriate ***,assessing,and acting on relevant cues in contexts such as mate choice,intra-sexual competition,and parental care is particularly important for optimizing individual reproductive *** factors can infuence decision-making,such as external environmental cues and the animal’s own internal state,yet,we have limited knowledge on how animals integrate available ***,we used an entire island population(57 males,53 females,and 1,109 tadpoles)of the neotropical brilliant-thighed poison frog Allobates femoralis to investigate how 2 factors(olfactory cues and personality traits)infuence the ability of males to fnd and use new resources for tadpole *** experimentally manipulated the location of tadpole deposition sites and their associated olfactory cues,and repeatedly measured exploration and boldness in adult *** further reconstructed tadpole deposition choices via inferred parent–offspring relationships of adult frogs and tadpoles deposited in our experimental pools using molecular parentage *** found that the discovery and use of new rearing sites were heavily infuenced by olfactory cues;however,we did not fnd an effect of the measured behavioral traits on resource discovery and *** conclude that in highly dynamic environments such as tropical rainforests,reliable external cues likely take priority over personality traits,helping individuals to discover and make use of reproductive resources.

关键词： animal personality Anura decision-making parental care tadpole transport.

Evaluation of ruminal methane and ammonia formation and microbiota composition as affected by supplements based on mixtures of tannins and essential oils using Rusitec

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1607-1622页

作者： Giulia Foggi Melissa Terranova Matteo Daghio Sergej L.Amelchanka Giuseppe Conte Simon Ineichen Monica Agnolucci Carlo Viti Alberto Mantino Arianna Buccioni Michael Kreuzer Marcello Mele Department of Agriculture Food and Environment(DAFE)University of Pisa56124 PisaItaly AgroVet‑Strickhof ETH ZurichLindauSwitzerland Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FlorenceFlorence 50144Italy Centro Di Ricerche Agro‑Ambientali“E.Avanzi” University of PisaPisa 56122Italy School of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences HAFLBern University of Applied SciencesZollikofenSwitzerland Institute of Agricultural Sciences ETH ZurichLindauSwitzerland

Background Dietary supplements based on tannin extracts or essential oil compounds(EOC)have been repeatedly reported as a promising feeding strategy to reduce the environmental impact of ruminant husbandry.A previous batch culture screening of various supplements identified selected mixtures with an enhanced potential to mitigate ruminal methane and ammonia *** these,Q-2(named after quebracho extract and EOC blend 2,composed of carvacrol,thymol,and eugenol)and C-10(chestnut extract and EOC blend 10,consisting of oregano and thyme essential oils and limonene)have been investigated in detail in the present study with the semi-continuous rumen simulation technique(Rusitec)in three independent *** this purpose,Q-2 and C-10,dosed according to the previous study,were compared with a non-supplemented diet(negative control,NC)and with one supplemented with the commercial EOC-based Agolin^(R) Ruminant(positive control,PC).Results From d 5 to 10 of fermentation incubation liquid was collected and analysed for pH,ammonia,protozoa count,and gas *** residues were collected for the determination of ruminal *** d 10,samples of incubation liquid were also characterised for bacterial,archaeal and fungal communities by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and 26S ribosomal large subunit gene *** of the duration of the fermentation period,Q-2 and C-10 were similarly efficient as PC in mitigating either ammonia(-37%by Q-2,-34%by PC)or methane formation(-12%by C-10,-12%by PC).The PC was also responsible for lower feed degradability and bacterial and fungal richness,whereas Q-2 and C-10 effects,particularly on microbiome diversities,were limited compared to *** All additives showed the potential to mitigate methane or ammonia formation,or both,in vitro over a period of 10 ***,several differences occurred between PC and Q-2/C-10,indicating different mechanisms of *** pronounced defaunation caused by PC a

关键词： Additive Bacteria Continuous culture Degradability Fermentation Fungi Greenhouse gas In vitro Microbiome Rumen

On-Surface Synthesis of Anthracene-Fused Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons from 2,7-Dibromo-9,9′-bianthryl Reveals Unexpected Ring Rearrangements

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第2期2卷 81-87页

作者： Xiushang Xu Amogh Kinikar Marco Di Giovannantonio Carlo A.Pignedoli Pascal Ruffieux Klaus Müllen Roman Fasel Akimitsu Narita Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research 55128 MainzGermany Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityKunigami-gunOkinawa 904-0495Japan Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technologynanotech@surfaces Laboratory8600 DübendorfSwitzerland Institute of Structure of Matter-CNR(ISM-CNR) 00133 RomaItaly Institute of Physical Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55128 MainzGermany Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Bern3012 BernSwitzerland

On-surface synthesis has emerged as a powerful strategy to fabricate unprecedented forms of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons(GNRs).However,the on-surface synthesis of zigzag GNRs(ZGNR)has met with only limited ***,we report the synthesis and on-surface reactions of 2,7-dibromo-9,9′-bianthryl as the precursor towardπ-extended *** by scanning tunneling microscopy and high-resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy clearly demonstrated the formation of anthracene-fused *** skeletal rearrangements were also observed,which could be explained by intramolecular Diels-Alder *** calculations of the electronic properties of the anthracene-fused ZGNRs revealed spin-polarized edge-states and a narrow bandgap of 0.20 eV.

关键词： On-surface synthesis Graphene nanoribbon On-surface reaction Rearrangement Edge state

青藏高原冰芯记录揭示早-中全新世发生多次融水事件

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Science Bulletin 2024年第3期69卷 375-381页

作者：庞洪喜张王滨吴霜叶 Theo M.Jenk Margit Schwikowski 侯书贵 Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Development of Ministry of Education School of Geography and Ocean ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences University of DaytonDayton OH 45469USA Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSI 5232Switzerland Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of BernBern 3012Switzerland Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Understanding the impact of meltwater discharge during the final stage of the Laurentide Ice Sheet(LIS)has important implications for predicting sea level rise and climate *** we present a highresolution ice-core isotopic record from the central Tibetan Plateau(TP),where the climate is sensitive to the meltwater forcing,and explore possible signals of the climate response to potential LIS meltwater discharges in the early to *** record shows four abrupt large fluctuations during the 7–9 ka BP(kiloannum before present),reflecting large shifts of the mid-latitude westerlies and the Indian summer monsoon(ISM)over this period,and they corresponded to possible LIS freshwater events documented in other paleoclimate *** study suggests that multiple rapid meltwater discharge events might have occurred during the final stage of *** finding implies the possibility of rapid sea level rise and unstable climate in the transition zone between the mid-latitude westerlies and the ISM due to fast polar ice retreat under the anthropogenic global warming.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Ice core Water isotopes Meltwater events Abrupt climate change