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Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab River System: Historic and Modern Attempts to Manage and Restore Iraq’s Lifeline

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第1期14卷 28-63页

作者： Kenneth Ray Olson David R. Speidel College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA US Army Iraq Mosul Iraq Foreign Agricultural Service Mahmudiyah Iraq Foreign Agricultural Service Washington D.C. USA

In Iraq, the principal rivers are the Tigris, Shatt Al-Arab and Euphrates. From their headwater sources in the mountains of eastern Türkiye, these rivers descend through valleys and gorges and flow into the uplands of Syria and northern and central alluvial plain of Iraq. The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers confluence to form the Shatt Al-Arab river at Al-Qurnah which flows into the Persian Gulf. From sources in the Zagros Mountains other tributaries join the Tigris from the east. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow in a southeastern direction through the central plain and discharge into the Mesopotamian Marshes, which include permanent marshes, lakes, and riparian habitat. The rivers and their tributaries drain an area of 879,790 km2 which includes almost the entire area of Iraq as well as land in Syria, Türkiye, Kuwait and Iran. The region has historical importance as part of the Fertile Crescent region and where Mesopotamian civilization first emerged. The post war reconstruction efforts in the Yusifiyah township, an important food production region for Baghdad, illustrate the importance of these water resources. In addition, the advent of soil tunnels by Iraqi insurgents within the riverine corridors will make reconstruction of this resource more complex. The primary objectives of this study are to assess lessons learned, manage, and restore the Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab river system lifeline in Iraq.

关键词： Mesopotamian Shatt Al-Arab Iraq Tigris Euphrates Baghdad Soil Tunnels Yusifiyah

Pressure and Discharge-Voltage Dependence of Self-Sustaining Pulses in Air-Glow Discharge

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第5期29卷 181-184页

作者： A.A.Azooz Y.A.Al-Jawaady Z.T.Ali Department of Physics College of ScienceMosul UniversityMosulIraq

The details of formation of micro discharges in air-glow discharge plasma are experimentally *** number of micro discharges formed per second is strongly related to both pressure and discharge *** number tends to show reflections of the Patchen curve as far as its pressure dependence is *** dischargevoltage dependence indicates that the transition from normal to abnormal glow discharge is not a sudden one,but has its roots during the normal glow stage and is initiated by the micro discharges which can be regarded as the early stage of abnormal glow.

关键词： details initiated roots

Antibacterial and antifungal activities of different parts of Tribulus terrestris L. growing in Iraq

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Journal of Zhejiang university-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第2期9卷 154-159页

作者： Firas A. AL-BAYATI Hassan F. AL-MOLA Department of Biology College of Education University of Mosul Mosul-00964 Iraq

Antimicrobial activity of organic and aqueous extracts from fruits, leaves and roots of Tribulus terrestris L., an Iraqi medicinal plant used as urinary anti-infective in folk medicine, was examined against I l species of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms： Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans using microdilution method in 96 multiwell microtiter plates. All the extracts from the different parts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most tested microorganisms. The most active extract against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was ethanol extract from the fruits with a minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） value of 0.15 mg/ml against B. subtilis, B. cereus, P. vulgaris and C. diphtheriae. In addition, the same extract from the same plant part demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity against C. albicans with an MIC value of 0.15 mg/ml.

关键词： Antimicrobial activity Tribulus terrestris Urinary tract infections

The Efect of the Earthed Electrode Size on the Ignition Voltage of Low-Pressure RF Capacitive Discharge in Argon

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第9期15卷 881-884页

作者： A. A. AZOOZ M. A. AHMAD Department of Physics College of ScienceMosul University Department of Physics College of EducationMosul University

The effect of the grounded electrode diameter on the ignition voltage using 13.56 MHz in argon gas is studied experimentMly. The results indicate a systematic decrease of the breakdown voltage with increasing electrode area for the same pd value. No multi-valued breakdown voltages are observed. The Paschen minimum is not affected by the electrode diameter as long as the parallel plane approximation is valid. A modified Paschen equation which takes into account indirect discharge via the chamber walls at high pd values gives reasonable fits to the experimental data.

关键词： CCRF electrode size Paschen law RF plasma

Effects of simulated zero gravity on adhesion,cell structure,proliferation,and growth behavior,in glioblastoma multiforme

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Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering 2023年第4期6卷 22-29页

作者： Saifaldeen Altaie Amera Alrawi School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina College of Medicine Ninevah UniversityMosulIraq College of Science University of MosulMosulIraq

All life on Earth has evolved under the influence of continuous gravity,and methods have been developed to balance this influence with the biological evolution of organisms at the cellular and system ***,when exposed to zero gravity in space,the balance between cell structure and external forces is destroyed,resulting in changes at the cellular level(e.g.,cell morphology,adhesion,viability,apoptosis,etc.),and understanding the molecular mechanism of cell response to zero gravity will help to cope with diseases that rely on mechanical ***,biological research in space and zero gravity is a unique step in developing the best anti-cancer treatments,which is a great challenge to *** this study,multicellular glioma cancer cells from a brain tumor in a 72-year-old Iraqi patient were subjected to simulated zero gravity for 24 h,and the results showed that most of the cells lost their adhesion,which is considered to be the first step toward cell *** addition to the formation of multicellular spheroids,the results also showed that the inhibition rate for cell death was 32%in comparison to the control ***,the cells showed a clear change in their cellular morphology and growth *** results give new hope for fighting cancer distinctively,and such a treatment method has no side effects in comparison to traditional chemical and radiological ones.

关键词： 3D cell culture Space biology Glioblastoma Simulated microgravity Cancer biology

Dynamical analysis and anti-synchronization of a new 6D model with self-excited attractors

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2023年第1期38卷 27-43页

作者： Saad Fawzi Al-Azzawi Ahmed S.Al-Obeidi Department of Mathematics College of Computer Science and MathematicsUniversity of MosulMosul 41002Iraq

A novel 6D dissipative model with an unstable equilibrium point is introduced *** of the dynamic characteristics of the proposed model were explored via analyses and numerical simulations including critical points,stability,Lyapunov exponents,time phase portraits,and circuit ***,anti-synchronization phenomena were implemented on the new ***,the error dynamics is ***,four different controllers are adopted to stabilize this error relying on the nonlinear control technique with two main ways:linearization and Lyapunov stability *** comparison with previous works,the present controllers realize anti-synchronization based on another method/linearization ***,a comparison between the two ways was *** simulation results show the effectiveness and accuracy of the first analytical strategy.

关键词： 6D hyperchaotic system self-excited attractor anti-synchronization Lyapunov stability theory

Electric Discharge in Pin-Plate Audio Frequency Plasma

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第11期28卷 166-169页

作者： A.A.Azooz S.K.Talal Department of physics college of sciencemosul universitymosuliraq Department of physics college of educationzakho university zakhoiraq

Experimental results on some properties of electric discharge initiated by audio frequency voltages in the range of 50–10000 Hz are *** results indicate that there are at least two modes of plasma ionic oscillations.A resonance-type behavior is seen when the driving field frequency becomes equal to the plasma ionic *** results for plasma density and plasma temperature for both modes are presented.

关键词： Plasma driving initiated

Research on the natural meshing mechanism and testing analysis of scroll profiles for refrigeration scroll compressor

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第10期53卷 2783-2791页

作者： Sinan H HUSSAIN Mechanical Engineering Department Mosul University

In the design theory of scroll profiles for refrigeration scroll compressor,a mechanism principle of scroll profiles based on the center of natural temporal involutes and meshing region is presented,by which the performance characteristics of the various involutes are studied. Profiles type selection is very important for scroll compressor. Through analyzing the characteristic geometry,natural meshing mechanism is discovered in the study of scrolls. And a novel method for scroll profiles based on natural meshing mechanism is proposed. The result shows that the meshing region angle of odd regular polygon involutes is half of the characteristic-geometry exterior angle,and that of even regular polygon involutes is equal to the exterior angle to the moment. The corresponding meshing region angle is reduced increasingly with the increase of the edge number of characteristic geometry. The performance characteristics of scroll compressor tend towards the best correspondingly. Aiming at the existing problems of profile design for scrolls,we developed a novel methodology to study scroll profile. Originality research was done for the further study of scroll profile. It is the fundamentality factor representing essence character of scroll profiles function itself.

关键词： scroll profiles refrigeration scroll compressor natural mechanism temporal meshing center testing analysis

Histopathological patterns of ovarian lesions:A study of 161 cases

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BIOCELL 2019年第3期43卷 175-181页

作者： ABDULKAREEM YOUNIS SULEIMAN INTISAR SALIM PITY MOHAMMED R MOHAMMED BASHAR ABDULJABAR HASSAWI College of Medicine University of MosulMosulIraq College of Medicine University of DuhokDuhokIraq

Ovarian lesions are commonly encountered pathologies that cannot be categorized *** diagnosis is of great importance for therapeutic and prognostic *** gives accurate diagnosis in most *** cases need supportive tests like ***:to study the histomorphological diversity of ovarian lesions,their age and location in North of Iraq(mosul and Duhok).Patients and methods:In the period extended from January 2008 to December 2011,161 cases of ovarian lesions were collected from pathology departments in Azadi General Hospital“Duhok”and Al-Jamhori Teaching Hospital“mosul”.Automated tissue processor was used for histologic study and Streptavidin-biotin method on paraffin sections was applied for ***:There was a wide age range,most being in the third *** right ovaries were more common involved than the ***,58(36%)cases were non-neoplastic and 103 were neoplastic including 90(55.9%)benign and 9(5.6%)malignant *** remaining 4(2.4%)cases comprised borderline serous ***:Most ovarian lesions were functional non-neoplastic followed by benign *** from few cases,diagnosis was merely histological without any ancillary test.

关键词： Histopathology Immunohistochemistry Ovarian lesions