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Classification of Soybean Pubescence from Multispectral Aerial Imagery

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Plant Phenomics 2021年第1期3卷 156-166页

作者： Robert W.Bruce Istvan Rajcan John Sulik Department of Plant Agriculture University of GuelphGuelphONCanada

The accurate determination of soybean pubescence is essential for plant breeding programs and cultivar ***,soybean pubescence is classified visually,which is a labor-intensive and time-consuming ***,the three classes of phenotypes(tawny,light tawny,and gray)may be difficult to visually distinguish,especially the light tawny class where misclassification with tawny frequently *** objectives of this study were to solve both the throughput and accuracy issues in the plant breeding workflow,develop a set of indices for distinguishing pubescence classes,and test a machine learning(ML)classification approach.A principal component analysis(PCA)on hyperspectral soybean plot data identified clusters related to pubescence classes,while a Jeffries-Matusita distance analysis indicated that all bands were important for pubescence class *** images from 2018,2019,and 2020 were analyzed in this study.A 60-plot test(2019)of genotypes with known pubescence was used as reference data,while whole-field images from 2018,2019,and 2020 were used to examine the broad applicability of the classification *** indices,a red/blue ratio and blue normalized difference vegetation index(blue NDVI),were effective at differentiating tawny and gray pubescence types in high-resolution imagery.A ML approach using a support vector machine(SVM)radial basis function(RBF)classifier was able to differentiate the gray and tawny types(83.1%accuracy and kappa=0:740 on a pixel basis)on images where reference training data was *** tested indices and ML model did not generalize across years to imagery that did not contain the reference training panel,indicating limitations of using aerial imagery for pubescence classification in some environmental ***-throughput classification of gray and tawny pubescence types is possible using aerial imagery,but light tawny soybeans remain difficult to classify and may require training da

关键词： indices spectral consuming

Tetra-detector size exclusion chromatography characterization of molecular and solution properties of soluble microbial polysaccharides from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第2期11卷 165-174页

作者： Qingbin Guo Sheng Chang School of Engineering University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N 1G 2W1 Canada

Characterization of the molecular properties of soluble microbial products （SMP） is critical for understanding the membrane filtration and fouling mechanisms in anaerobic and aerobic membrane bioreactors （AnMBR ＆ MBR）. In this study, the distributions of the absolute molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity of SMP polysaccharides from an AnMBR were effectively determined by a high pertbrmance size exclusion chromatography （HPSEC） that was coupled with the refractive index （RI）,cliode array UV （DAUV）, right and low angle light scattering （LS）, and viscometer （Vis） detectors. Based on the tetra-detector HPSEC determined absolute molecular weights and intrinsic viscosity, a universal calibration relationship for the SMP polysaccharides was developed and the molecularconformations, average molecular weights~ and hydrodynamic sizes of the SMP polysaccharides were also explored. Two factors which can be derived from the tetra-detector HPSEC analysis were proposed for the characterization of the viscous and osmotic pressure properties of the SMP polysaccharides. In addition, it was also extrapolated how to analyze the resistance characteristics of the concentration polarization layers formed in membrane filtration based on the molecular properties determined by the tetra-detector HPSEC analysis.

关键词： Soluble microbial productExtracellular polymeric substanceMembrane bioreactorMembrane foulingMolecular weightIntrinsic viscosity

Treatment of spent wash water derived from shredded lettuce processing using a combination of electrocoagulation and germicidal ultraviolet light

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第2期1卷 147-152页

作者： K.Khalid D Alharbi V.Lau C.Liang R.G.Zytner J.Shi K.Warriner Department of Food Science University of GuelphOntarioCanada School of Engineering University of GuelphOntarioCanada guelph Food Research Center Agriculture Agri Food CanadaGuelphOntarioCanada

Objective:Water recycling is a significant part of an overall water management *** current study evaluated electrocoagulation,used in combination with ultraviolet light(at 254 nm),to reduce the organic content and enhance the microbiological quality,of wash water derived from shredded lettuce ***:The composition of spent wash water derived from a commercial lettuce processing operation was used to prepare a simulated solution to be applied to validate the water recycling *** simulated spent wash water was subjected to an electrocoagulation process followed by filtration and a tertiary ultraviolet(254 nm)*** efficacy of the recycling treatment to decrease turbidity(nephelometric turbidity units,biological oxygen demand(BOD),chemical oxygen demand(COD)and decrease in introduced bacterial ***:Spent wash water sampled from a commercial processing line was found to be colloidal in nature(78±26 NTU)with low total solids content(544±87 mg/L),BOD(230±53 mg/L)and COD(309±53 mg/L).An electrocogaultion process performed for 10 min using 3.48 A/m2 current density at pH 6.5 and conductivity of>100μS/cm supported an 87%removal of turbidity,38%reduction in BOD along with 49%decrease in *** electrocoagulation process was also found to reduce the levels of Escherichia coli,Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes by 1-2 log *** tertiary UV treatment of water derived from the electro coagulation process,supported further reduction in model pathogens,although it was noted that the D values for inactivation were in the order of 1.01-1.60 mJ/cm^(2),which compares to 0.22-0.31 mJ/cm^(2) in *** apparent increase in bacterial resistance to ultraviolet was likely due to the UV absorbing low molecular weight constituents within wash water that provided protection against ***:In conclusion,the study demonstrated the feasibility of applying electrocoagulation and UV to rapidly treat spent lettuce wash water to fa

关键词： Biological oxygen demand(BOD) Chemical oxygen demand(COD) Electrocoagulation Fresh produce Lettuce UV Washing Water recycling.

Production systems and important antimicrobial resistant-pathogenic bacteria in poultry:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 481-500页

作者： Philip H.W.Mak Muhammad Attiq Rehman Elijah G.Kiarie Edward Topp Moussa S.Diarra guelph Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada(AAFC)GuelphONCanada Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphONCanada London Research and Development Center AAFCLondonONCanada.

Economic losses and market constraints caused by bacterial diseases such as colibacillosis due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens remain major problems for poultry producers,despite substantial efforts in prevention and *** have been used not only for the treatment and prevention of such diseases,but also for growth ***,these practices have been linked to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria which constitute a significant global threat to humans,ani-mals,and the *** break down the antimicrobial resistance(AMR),poultry producers are restricting the antimicrobial use(AMU)while adopting the antibiotic-free(ABF)and organic production practices to satisfy consum-ers’***,it is not well understood how ABF and organic poultry production practices influence AMR profiles in the poultry gut *** Gram-negative(Salmonella enterica serovars,Campylobacter jejuni/coli,***)and Gram-positive(Enterococcus spp.,Staphylococcus *** ***)bacteria harboring multiple AMR determinants have been reported in poultry including organically-and ABF-raised *** this review,we discussed major poultry production systems(conventional,ABF and organic)and their impacts on AMR in some potential pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which could allow identifying issues and opportuni-ties to develop efficient and safe production practices in controlling pathogens.

关键词： Antibiotic-free Antimicrobial resistance Conventional feeding Organic Poultry

Microfluidics: Rapid Diagnosis for Breast Cancer

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Nano-Micro Letters 2016年第3期8卷 204-220页

作者： Satvinder Panesar Suresh Neethirajan BioNano Laboratory School of Engineering University of Guelph

Breast cancer affected 1.7 million people worldwide in 2012 and accounts for approximately 23.3 % of all cancers diagnosed in women. The disease is characterized by a genetic mutation, either inherited or resulting from environmental factors, that causes uncontrollable cellular growth of breast tissue or adjacent tissues. Current means of diagnosing this disease depend on the individual analyzing the results from bulky, highly technical, and expensive equipment that is not globally accessible. As a result, patients can go undiagnosed due to a lack of available equipment or be overdiagnosed due to human error. This review attempts to highlight current means of diagnosing breast cancer and critically analyze their effectiveness and usefulness in terms of patient survival. An alternative means based on microfluidics biomarker detection is then presented. This method can be considered as a primary screening tool for diagnosing breast cancer based on its robustness, high throughput, low energy requirements, and accessibility to the general public.

关键词： Mircofluidics Mi RNA Biomarkers Diagnostic technology Breast cancer

Noninvasive Label-Free Detection of Cortisol and Lactate Using Graphene Embedded Screen-Printed Electrode

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第3期10卷 42-51页

作者： Satish K.Tuteja Connor Ormsby Suresh Neethirajan BioNano Lab School of Engineering University of Guelph

A sensitive and specific immunosensor for the detection of the hormones cortisol and lactate in human or animal biological fluids, such as sweat and saliva, was devised using the label-free electrochemical chronoamperometric technique. By using these fluids instead of blood,the biosensor becomes noninvasive and is less stressful to the end user, who may be a small child or a farm *** graphene oxide(e-RGO) was used as a synergistic platform for signal amplification and template for bioconjugation for the sensing mechanism on a screenprinted electrode. The cortisol and lactate antibodies were bioconjugated to the e-RGO using covalent carbodiimide chemistry. Label-free electrochemical chronoamperometric detection was used to analyze the response to the desired biomolecules over the wide detection range. A detection limit of 0.1 ng mL^(-1) for cortisol and 0.1 mM for lactate was established and a correlation between concentration and current was observed. A portable, handheld potentiostat assembled with Bluetooth communication and battery operation enables the developed system for point-of-care applications. A sandwich-like structure containing the sensing mechanisms as a prototype was designed to secure the biosensor to skin and use capillary action to draw sweat or other fluids toward the sensing mechanism. Overall, the immunosensor shows remarkable specificity, sensitivity as well as the noninvasive and point-of-care capabilities and allows the biosensor to be used as a versatile sensing platform in both developed and developing countries.

关键词： Graphene Immunosensor Electrochemical Screen-printed electrodes Cortisol sensor

Challenges in the microbiological food safety of fresh produce:Limitations of post-harvest washing and the need for alternative interventions

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第4期1卷 289-301页

作者： Kayla Murray Fan Wu John Shi Sophia Jun Xue Keith Warriner Department of Food Science University of Guelph guelph Food Research Center Agriculture and Agri-food CanadaGuelphOntorioCanada

Fresh produce(processed fruit and vegetables)continues to be the main source of foodborne illness outbreaks implicating pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7,Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes and human parasites(*** A,Cyclospora).Previously,outbreaks were primarily limited to leafy greens,tomatoes,and cantaloupes,but more recently there has been a trend of more diverse produce types(*** and papayas)being *** on-farm good agriculture practices(GAP)contribute to preventing pathogens entering the fresh produce chain,it cannot be relied upon completely due to the open nature of *** a consequence,there is an identified need for interventions that can remove field-acquired contamination,especially given fresh produce is eaten *** the following review,an overview of foodborne illness outbreaks linked to contaminated fresh produce will be described along with potential sources of ***-harvest washing that was once considered decontamination is now viewed as a high-risk cross-contamination *** challenges in monitoring the post-harvest wash process will be discussed along with processing factors that need to be considered.A range of alternative,or supplemental,non-aqueous interventions will be described including irradiation,ultraviolet light,high hydrostatic pressure,gas phase(ozone and chlorine dioxide),and hydroxyl radicals generated through advanced oxidative process or gas *** have been proved to be effective at pathogen control on the laboratory scale and are poised to enter commercial *** current status of these alternative interventions along with challenges of integrating into commercial practice will be described.

关键词： Fresh produce Escherichia coli O157:H7 Salmonella Listeria Iirradiation Ozone Chlorine dioxide Advanced oxidative process Post-harvest Washing Leafy greens Fruit Vegetable

Cage type and mineral nutrition had independent impact on skeletal development in Lohmann LSL-Lite pullets from hatch to 16 weeks of age

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 631-640页

作者： Tanka Khanal Gregoy Y.Bedecarrats Elijah G.Kiarie Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphN1G2W1Canada

The effects of rearing cage type and dietary Ca,available P and vitamin D_(3)(VitD_(3))on body and skeletal development were studied.A total of 3,420 Lohmann LSL-Lite day-old chicks were reared in conventional(CON)or furnished cages(FUR)to 16 wk of ***,40 and 150 chicks/cage were placed in CON and FUR and transitioned to 20 and 75 chicks/cage at 8 wk of age,*** diets:Diet 1,Diet 1.5 and Diet 2 were formulated to meet nutrient specifications with Diet 1.5 and Diet 2 containing 1.5 and 2 times more Ca,P and VitD_(3)than Diet 1,*** were allocated within cage type to give 6 replicates and fed in 3 feeding programs:starter,grower and *** 4,12 and 16 wk of age,BW was recorded,and femur,tibia and blood samples for bone quality and related *** were no interactions(P>0.05)of cage type,diet and pullet age on BW,plasma Ca and inorganic P,femur and tibia morphometry,mineral density(MD),breaking strength(BS)and ash concentration(AC).Concentration of Ca,P and VitD_(3)linearly decreased BW(P<0.001),relative femur(P=0.010)and tibia weight(P=0.013).A quadratic increase on femur MD(P=0.03)and BS(P=0.026)was observed with dietary concentration of Ca,P and VitD_(3).Femur(P=0.031)was longer for CON than FUR pullets,however,femur for FUR pullets had higher(P=0.003)*** had no effect(P≥0.415)femoral MD and *** reared in FUR cages exhibited higher tibial MD(P=0.015),BS(P=0.071),AC(P<0.01)and whole-body mineral content(P<0.01).In conclusion,cage type and diets showed independent effect on femur and tibia quality with FUR pullets exhibiting enhanced indices of *** pullets twice the recommended Ca,P and VitD_(3)decreased BW,relative weight of leg bone but enhanced femoral strength with no effects on tibia attributes.

关键词： Housing Vitamin D_(3) Calcium Bone quality Mineral Pullets

’Emulsion locks’ for the containment of hydrocarbons during surfactant flushing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 98-109页

作者： Kristine Lamont Alejandro GMarangoni Erica Pensini university of guelph School of Engineering50 Stone Road EastGwelph ONNIG 2W1Canada university of guelph Food Science Department50 Stone Road EastGuelph ONNIG 2WlCanada

Reversible double water in oil in water(W/O/W)emulsions were developed to contain subsurface hydrocarbon spills during their remediation using surfactant *** emulsions were prepared by emulsifying CaCl2 solutions in canola oil,and subsequently by emulsifying the W/O emulsions in aqueous sodium alginate *** formation of double emulsions was confirmed with confocal and optical *** double emulsions reversed and gelled when mixed with the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)and cocamidopropyl betaine(CPB).Gels can act as’emulsion locks’to prevent spreading of the hydrocarbon plume from the areas treated with surfactant flushing,as shown in sand column *** rheology was used to quantify the viscoelastic moduli increase(gelation)upon mixing the double emulsion with SDS and *** was more effective than CPB in gelling the double *** and SDS could adsorb at the interface between water and model hydrocarbons(toluene and motor oil),lowering the interfacial tension and rigidifying the interface(as shown with a Langmuir trough).Bottle tests and optical microscopy showed that SDS and CPB produced W/O and O/W emulsions,with either toluene or motor oil and *** emulsification of motor oil and toluene in water with SDS and CPB facilitated their flow through sand columns and their *** recovery from sand columns was quantitated using Gas-Chromatography MassSpectroscopy(GC-MS).The data show that SDS and CPB can be used both for surfactant flushing and to trigger the gelation of’emulsion locks’.Ethanol also gelled the emulsions at100 mL/L.

关键词： Remediation Emulsion Hydrocarbons Surfactant Rheology Langmuir trough