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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Effects on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第5期14卷 135-160页

作者： Fayda Protásio Carlos Alberto Bezerra Tomaz Joaquim Brasil-Neto Pedro Brandão Nasser Allam Maria Clotilde Henriques Tavares Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior Department of Physiological Sciences Institute of Biology University of Braslia Braslia Brazil Master Program in Environment University CEUMA So Lus MA and Faculty of Medicine Euro-American University Center-UNIEURO Braslia Brazil Faculty of Medicine Euro-American University Center-UNIEURO Braslia Brazil NA Neurologistas Associados Braslia Brazil

Introduction: In the last thirty years, brain neuromodulation techniques have been used as an alternative to pharmacological treatment of neurological disorders. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder leading to bradykinesia, rest tremor, postural changes, and non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, pain, and cognitive decline that compromises executive functions (EFs), responsible for the orderly execution of behaviors and tasks of daily life and intentional and directed actions. To this date, a few studies with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have shown beneficial effects in PD patients concerning specific motor and non-motor symptoms, targeting the motor cortex and/or prefrontal regions. Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of left prefrontal tDCS across a broad spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms of PD using established validated scales. Method: Single-blind randomized clinical trial with 18 volunteers with PD, aged between 45 and 80 years (66.1 ± 9.65), who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants were submitted to assessments of motor and non-motor functions employing psychometric scales and tests to evaluate EFs and were randomly divided into two groups: control (sham stimulation) and experimental (active stimulation). All participants were involved in three separate tDCS sessions. The anode was positioned over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cathode over the right supraorbital region, with a direct current intensity of 2 mA, lasting 20 minutes. At the end of the three sessions, all participants were reassessed. Results: Significant effects of tDCS on non-motor functions were observed for cognition (verbal fluency of actions, clock copy test, appointment by visual confrontation, and verbal memory with immediate free recall) and subjective assessment of sleep quality (overall restlessness and discomfort in the arms and legs at night, leg

关键词： Parkinson’s Disease Neuromodulation Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation—tDCS Movement Disorders Mood Sleep Cognition

Maximum Power Tracking of Photovoltaic Modules Based on Fuzzy Logic Employing Four-Phase Intervaled Boost Converter

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2023年第4期11卷 17-38页

作者： Beatriz Leitao Wolia Costa Fabricio Brito Luis Tomaselli universidade ceuma Campus Renascen?a S?o Luís Brasil Centro Universitário IESB-Asa Sul Brasília Brasil

Currently, there are significant investments in the study of distributed generation, including solar energy by the photovoltaic conversion method. Basically, a cell directly converts solar energy to electricity. For this, static converters are required. However, relevant issues arise in this process: point of maximum efficiency of module generation, strategy of control of the flow of energy to the network. The aim of this work is to monitor the main variables of a photovoltaic system, specifically the voltage and current module and their derivates. The goal is to implement the maximum power tracking technique using Fuzzy logic. In addition, the energy provided by the cell will be employed in an inverter stage that can operate as an active filter, voltage regulator, or generator of reactive and active power. The feasibility of using Fuzzy logic will also be studied. The first stage of this work involves parameterization and simulation of photovoltaic modules. The initial study examines the compatibility of a commercial module and its catalog data with the results of simulation. The simulated I-V characteristics show almost identical results to the catalog data. In sequence, a boost or lift DC-DC converter is employed to emulate variable load for maximum power transfer.

关键词： Distributed Generation Converters Photovoltaic Fuzzy

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Anacardium occidentale L. Flowers in Comparison to Bark and Leaves Extracts

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2016年第4期4卷 87-99页

作者： Rubenice Amaral da Silva Silvana Amado Liberio Flavia M. M. do Amaral Flavia Raquel Fernandes do Nascimento Luce Maria Brandão Torres Valério Monteiro Neto Rosane Nassar Meireles Guerra Laboratory of Immunophysiology Universidade Federal do Maranhao Campus do Bacanga Sao Luis Brazil Instituto Botanico de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil Departament of Pathology Universidade Federal do Maranhao Sao Luis Brazil universidade ceuma Sao Luís Brazil

Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, is frequently used to treat infections. We evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from aerial parts of the plant in comparison with the extract prepared with the flowers. Ethanol extracts of the leaves (EEL), stem bark (EEB), and flowers (EEF) were prepared separately. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion and broth dilution methods. The minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations were determined against: Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella choleraesuis, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated based on their scavenger capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle. The phytochemical profile was analyzed by colorimetric methods and by HPLC with UV detection. All extracts exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Although, the EEF was the most effective since it inhibited the growth of all 14 microorganisms tested. Anacardic and galic acids were identified in all extracts as well phenolic compounds, triterpenes, flavones and xanthones. In conclusion, the extracts obtained from the aerial parts of A. occidentale, mainly the extract of flowers that was the most effective, are rich in bioactive metabolites that exert a potent antioxidant and antimicrobial effect. Taken together, the results indicate an important biotechnological potential of A. occidentale as a source of compounds with broad-spectrum antimicrobial and of antioxidant activity to be used in the food and cosmetics industry.

关键词： Anacardium occidentale Antimicrobial Agents Flowers Cashew Caju Antioxidant

Antimicrobial Susceptibility,Biofilm Production and Adhesion to HEp-2 Cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Clinical Samples

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2013年第1期4卷 98-106页

作者： Alicia Valeria Zaranza Francyelle Costa Morais Monique Santos do Carmo Adriana de Mendonca Marques Cristina Andrade-Monteiro Thiago Feitosa Ferro Valerio Monteiro-Neto Patricia de Maria Silva Figueiredo Research Center in Parasitic Diseases and Endemic University of CEUMAUniCEUMASao LuisBrazil

A hundred Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from several clinical specimens from five hospitals in Sao Luís-MA were evaluated for biofilm production, prevalence of the gene algD, adhesion to HEp-2 cells and antimicrobial susceptibility. The most affected clinical specimens and hospital sectors were also evaluated. Most isolates were obtained from the tracheal aspirate (21.0%) and the most affected hospital sector was the ICU (43.0%). The antibiotics with the highest sensitivity rate were amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, fluoroquinolones, gentamicin and meropenem and the ones with the highest resistance rate were aztreonam, ceftazidime and cefepime. All samples were sensitive to polymyxin B. In relation to the expression of the gene for ESBL, 50.0% (17/34) of the multiresistant strains showed the enzyme TEM. Most strains showed high hydrophobicity and 96% of the isolates produced biofilm on a polystyrene microplate, 52% were capsule producers, 19% showed mannose-sensitive fimbriae and 39% expressed the gene algD. We observed adhesion to HEp-2 cells and to the coverslip. These factors may be reported in the pathogenesis of this bacterium, what represents a potential risk for colonization of medical devices which favor the establishment of chronic nosocomial infections.

关键词： Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antimicrobial Biofilm Adhesion

Efficiency in Teaching Speaker and Listener Repertoires:Comparing Three Instructional Sequences in Autistic Children

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Psychology Research 2023年第6期13卷 235-245页

作者： Daniel Carvalho de Matos Pollianna Galvão Soares de Matos Neylla Cristina Pereira Cordeiro Katiane Reis da Silva universidade ceuma Brasil Universidade Federal do Maranhão and Instituto EvoluirSão Luís cityBrazil universidade ceuma and Instituto Evoluir São Luís cityBrazil

Previous studies have investigated the efficiency in teaching listener and speaker repertoires in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Some investigations focused on listener responding by function,feature,and class(LRFFC)and intraverbal by function,feature,and class(FFC).For some children,teaching intraverbal FFC was more efficient because it resulted in a better emergence effect of a related untaught repertoire(LRFFC).For other children,teaching LRFFC along with tacting pictures was more efficient,resulting in a better emergence effect of a related untaught repertoire(intraverbal FFC).In these cases,it is not clear whether the tact increased the efficiency of LRFFC training because a comparison with a condition in which tacts were not required was not *** investigation consisted of a replication with two children diagnosed with *** instructional sequences were compared:teaching LRFFC-probing intraverbal;teaching LRFFC+tacts-probing intraverbal;teaching intraverbal-probing *** a child,all sequences were equally efficient because all related untaught repertoires emerged without ***,the acquisition of intraverbals during training occurred with *** the case of the second child,the most efficient sequence consisted of teaching intraverbals,resulting in the emergence of LRFFC without *** both cases of teaching LRFFC,the emergence of related intraverbals was partial and acquisition of the trained repertoires occurred with *** case that did not demand tact responses was slightly more *** were discussed in the sense that the best instructional sequence may vary from learner to learner.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder listener repertoire speaker repertoire efficiency

Virulence properties of a peptide hemolysin produced by Enterococcus faecalis

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第7期3卷 909-917页

作者： M.T.Furumura P.M.S.Figueiredo G.V.Carbonell A.L.Darini Maria Rosa Quaresma Bomfim Rosimary de Jesus Gomes Turri Francyelle Costa Moraes Cristina de Andrade Monteiro Herminio Benitez Rabello Mendes Valerio Monteiro Neto T.Yano Department of Microbiology and Immunology Biological InstituteUniversidade Estadual de CampinasCampinasBrazil Research Group of Endemic and Parasitic Diseases CEUMA UniversitySao LuisBrazil Medical Biology Adolfo Lutz InstitutCampinasBrazil Department Clinical Toxicologicals and Bromatologicals AnalisysUSPRibeirao PretoBrazil Federal University of Maranhao Sao LuisBrazil

The characterization and prevalence of virulence factors associated with enterococcal invasiveness and severity of disease are important areas to be investigated. Recently, we described the production of a heat-stable hemolysin by clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis cultived in BHI-GA (BHI with glucose and L-arginine). Now, we purified the hemolysin from the culture supernatant by ultra-filtration (PM-10 membrane) and ethanol extraction followed by chromatography in a mBondapak C18 and Superdex Peptide columns. The hemolytic activity was not affected by the proteolytic enzymes. Cholesterol, phospholipids, EDTA and also bivalent ions did not inhibit the hemolytic activity. Among the various carbohydrates, only dextran 4 protected the erythrocytes against lyse. Scanning electron microscopy showed that lyse of erythrocytes occured at once after the exposure to the hemolysin. The mito-chondrial activity and the cell membrane integrity were significantly affected by the hemolysis, within 20 min of exposure and caused apoptosis after 12 h incubation, 51.92% in HeLa and 68% in HEp-2 cells, analyzed by flow cytometry. These results suggest that the heat-stable pore forming hemolysin might be a putative virulence factor in enterococci infections.

关键词： Enterococcus Faecalis Cytotoxin Heat-Stable Hemolysin Human Epithelial Cells Apoptosis

Characterization of Virulence Factors in Enteroaggregative and Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Children with Diarrhea

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2012年第4期2卷 135-142页

作者： Thiago Azevedo Feitosa Ferro Francyelle Costa Moraes Andreia Meneses da Silva Claude Porcy Leandro Amorim Soares Cristina Andrade Monteiro Nyla Thyara Melo Lobao Francisco Amazonas Assis de Mello Valério Monteiro-Neto Patrícia de Maria Silva Figueiredo Research Group of Endemic and Parasitic Diseases CEUMA UniversitySao LuisBrazil Federal Institute of Maranhao Sao LuisBrazil Health and Biological Sciences Center Federal University of MaranhaoSao LuísBrazil

Enteroaggregative (EAEC) and atypical enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli are important bacterial etiologic agents causing diarrhea among children. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of virulence factors predisposes to diarrhea. In this study some virulence properties were examined on 11 EAEC and 8 EPEC strains identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), isolated from stool samples of children were analyzed genotypically and phenoltypically for the prevalence of virulence factors. The most frequently detected factor was resistance to serum (94%), followed by curli fimbriae (78%), biofilm production (73%), and gene coding for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) (68%). EPEC isolates showed at least three of the evaluated properties, while EAEC isolates showed at least two. The prevalence of these virulence factors between the two strains showed no statistical difference. This study showed the heterogeneity of the virulence profile of the isolates of EAEC and atypical EPEC strains and suggests that this diversity may influence in the disease severity.

关键词： E.coli Diarrhea Virulence Factors

Perceptions, Feelings, and Meanings of the Early Stress for the Adult with Depression: A Theoretical Model

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Open Journal of Nursing 2019年第12期9卷 1252-1266页

作者： Carla Araujo Bastos Teixeira Maria Neyrian de Fátima Fernandes Raquel Cocenas da Silva Kelly Graziani Giacchero Vedana Edilaine Cristina da Silva Gherardi-Donato Medicine Department CEUMA University Campus Imperatriz Imperatriz Brazil Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences Department College of Nursing University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto Ribeirão Preto Brazil

This study aimed to elaborate on theoretical model of the perceptions, feelings, and meanings of early stress for people with depression. To perform a qualitative study based on the Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory, we interviewed 12 patients diagnosed with depression. It was structured a model based on “walking between traumatic childhood and the adult life with depression,” integrating eight inter-articulated categories that represent the perceptions, feelings, and meanings of the experiences of the depressed individual with a history of early stress. The theoretical model constructed meanings and conditions that affect the individual from a traumatic childhood to depression in adulthood.

关键词： Nursing Mental Health Psychological Stress Child Abuse Depression

Detection of Gram-Negative Bacteria Carrying the blaKPC-2 Gene from Mangrove Sediments

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2019年第8期7卷 485-492页

作者： Wallace Ribeiro Nunes Neto Jessica Mayara Mendes Araujo Darlan Ferreira da Silva Joveliane de Melo Monteiro Wallace Borges Pachêco Jessflan Rafael Nascimento Santos Maria Raimunda Chagas Silva Maria Rosa Quaresma Bomfim Andrea de Souza Monteiro Laboratory of Applied Microbiology CEUMA UniversitySao Luis Maranhao 65000-000Brazil Laboratory of Environmental Sciences CEUMA UniversitySao Luis Maranhao 65000-000Brazil Laboratory of Molecular Biology Sciences CEUMA UniversitySao Luis Maranhao 65000-000Brazil

Mangroves are environments that have fast cycles associated with high concentration of bacterial *** are impacted by anthropogenic pollution due to contamination of bacterial species carrying resistance *** study aims to evaluate the metabolic profile of the microbiota in mangrove sediments,and verify the presence of Gram-negative bacteria resistant to *** samples were obtained from location along the Anil river and were seeded in medium supplemented with the antibiotic meropenem in increasing *** DNA was analyzed by multiplex PCR for detecting resistance genes forβ-lactam *** bacteria were identified by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS).The genes were sequenced by ABI PRISM 3100,analyzed by MEGA 6.0 program,and the sequence identified was assessed by GenBank using the BLAST ***■the kit was used to determine the metabolic profile of the *** results of the six bacterial isolates showed the blaKPC-2 gene and were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas *** samples showed a greater diversity Shannon index,a rich substrate consumption and high *** was a metabolic richness such as carbon consumption profiles,being a factor of adaptation of pathogenic bacteria carrying resistance genes toβ-lactamics antibiotics.

关键词： Antibiotic resistant meropenem bacterial isolates