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Insular effect on sexual size dimorphism in the clouded anole Anolis nebulosus\when Rensch meets Van Valen

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Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 589-591页

作者： Zarem A.Anaya-Meraz Armando H.Escobedo-Galvan Centro Universitario de la costa Universidad de GuadalajaraAv.Universidad 20348280 Puerto VallartaJaliscoMexico

Insular biodiversity has aroused the curiosity of biologists in assessing ecological and evolutionary hypotheses concerning their mainland *** of particular life history traits between island and mainland populations have provided a broader view of phenotypic and behavioral plasticity at both intraspecific and interspecific levels(Meiri 2007).

关键词： mainland island cloud

Hazardous elements and amorphous nanoparticles in historical estuary coal mining area

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 927-939页

作者： Ana L.Duarte Kátia DaBoit Marcos L.S.Oliveira Elba C.Teixeira Ismael L.Schneider Luis F.O.Silva department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la Costa Faculdade Meridional IMED FEPAM-Funda■o Estadual de Prote■o Ambiental Henrique Luis Roessler

In Brazil, intense coal exploitation activities have led to environmental deterioration, including soil mortification, water contamination, loss of ecosystem, and atmospheric contamination. In addition,considerable quantities of sulfur-rich residues are left behind in the mining area; these residues pose grave environmental issues as they undergo sulfide oxidation reactions. When sulfur oxides come in contact with water, extreme acid leachate is produced with great proportions of sulfate, and hazardous elements(HEs), which are identified as coal drainage(CMD). CMD is an environmental pollution challenge, particularly in countries with historic or active coal mines. To prevent CMD formation or its migration, the source must be controlled; however, this may not be feasible at many locations. In such scenarios, the mine water should be collected, treated, and discharged. In this study, data from 2005 to2010 was gathered on the geochemistry of 11 CMD discharges from ten different mines. There are several concerns and questions on the formation of nanominerals in mine acid drainage and on their reactions and interfaces. The detailed mineralogical and geochemical data presented in this paper were derived from previous studies on the coal mine areas in Brazil. Oxyhydroxides, sulfates, and nanoparticles in these areas possibly go through structural transformations depending on their size and formation conditions. The geochemistry of Fe-precipitates(such as jarosite, goethite, and hematite) existent in the CMD-generating coal areas and those that could be considered as a potential source of hazardous elements(HEs)(e.g., Cr) were also studied because these precipitates are relatively stable in extremely low pH conditions. To simplify and improve poorly ordered iron, strontium, and aluminum phase characterization, field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction(XRD) a

关键词： Brazilian coal mining Environmental impacts Minerals

Common interacting genetic variation shapes susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in a Colombian Caribbean community:In search of shared genetic markers

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 106-108页

作者： Gloria Garavito-de Egea Alex Dominguez-Vargas Jorg e l.Velez Gustavo Aroca Luis Fagng Elkin Navarro-Quiroz Zilac Espitaleta Kenny del Toro-Camargo Leticia Martinez-Ariza Tatiana Gonzalez-Vargas Susana Garcia Mauricio Arcos-Burgos Eduardo Egea universidad del Norte Division Ciencias de la SaludBarranquillaColombia universidad Simon Bolivar Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludBarranquillaColombia Clinica de la costa Grupo de Investigacion en NefrologiaBarranquillaColombia universidad de Antioquia Grupo de Investigacion en Psiquiatria(GIPSI)Departamento de PsiquiatriaInstituto de Investigaciones MedicasFacultad de MedicinaMedellinColombia

Genome-wide association studies(GWASs)have identified hundreds of loci across the human genome conferring susceptibility to autoimmune diseases(AIDs),some of which are shared between more than two ***,this univariate ... 详细信息

关键词： susceptibility diseases diabetes

Estimation of the impact of biomass burning based on regional transport of PM_(2.5) in the Colombian Caribbean

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 430-436页

作者： Jehison Bolaño-Truyol Ismael L.Schneider Heidis Cano Cuadro Jorge D.Bolaño-Truyol Marcos L.S.Oliveira department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCUCCalle 58#55–66BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia department of Productivity and Innovation Universidad de la CostaCUCCalle 58#55–66BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia Faculdade Meridional IMED 304 Passo FundoRS 99070–220Brazil universidad de Lima Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600Santiago de Surco 1503Peru

deterioration of air quality due to the increase in atmospheric emissions from biomass burning(BB)is one of the major environmental problems *** this study,we estimated the contributions of BB to PM_(2.5) concentrations in the municipalities of Soledad and Malambo located in the Colombian *** evaluation period ranged from February 24 to March 30,2018,a period with a high number of BB events recorded in the surroundings of the evaluated *** contribution of BB to the two sampling sites was estimated using the Hybrid Single-Particle lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)dispersion model with forwarding trajectories from each of the burning points identified by satellite images(n=1089).The PM_(2.5) emissions were determined using the fire radiative power(FRP),obtained by remote-sensing data,and corresponded to the radiant energy released per time unit by burning *** average PM_(2.5) concentrations during the evaluation period were 19.91μg/m^(3) for Soledad and 22.44μg/m^(3) for *** average contribution of BB to these municipalities was 22.8%and 28.8%,*** methodology used in this study allowed to estimate the contribution of this important source without knowledge of a previous tracer of BB,thereby increasing the use of the proposed procedure *** information would enable the implementation of effective mitigation,thereby diminishing the adverse impact of PM_(2.5) on the health of the population.

关键词： Biomass burning Particulate matter HYSPLIT Dispersion model Remote sensing

Urbanization has opposite effects on the territory size of two passerine birds

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Avian Research 2020年第2期11卷 191-199页

作者： Roselvy Juárez Eduardo Chacón‑Madrigal Luis Sandoval Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa RicaCP:11501‑2060San PedroMontes de OcaSan JoséCosta Rica Ambientey desarrollo Universidad ZamoranoCarretera a Danlíkm 30Francisco MorazánHonduras.

Background:Urban expansion has been identified as one of the leading drivers of biodiversity change or *** birds,urbanization is specifically related to survival,breeding success,and territory *** how different birds adjust territory size in response to urbanization is essential for their conservation in urban environments and to better understand why some species are lost and others persist under this *** evaluated the effect of urbanization on the territory size of an urban avoider species,White-eared Ground-Sparrow(Melozone leucotis),and an urban adapter species,House Wren(Troglodytes aedon),at five costa Rican ***:We measured the size of 30 ground-sparrow and 28 wren territories using a total of 296 h of *** followed each individual for at least 1 h per day for at least 2 days of two consecutive years,and geo-referenced their *** size was estimated using the minimum convex polygon *** measured the urban surfaces(roads,buildings,any other paved area,soccer fields,lawns,and gardens with short grass)within ***:Ground-sparrow territories were larger at the highly urbanized site than at the non-urbanized *** territories were larger at the low urbanized site than at the highly urbanized *** found a positive relationship between urban surface and territory size for the ground-sparrow,but not for the ***:Our results showed that not all birds adjust territory size in the same way in response to *** showed that urban avoiders probably need to defend larger territories in urban environments to find all the resources required to survive because urban environments may provide insufficient resources such as food or *** adapters on the other hand defend smaller territories in urban environments because even small territories may provide sufficient *** results suggest specific behavioral adaptations developed by Neotropical birds inha

关键词： House Wren Melozone leucotis Troglodytes aedon Urban adapter Urban avoider Urban-rural gradient Territory size White‑eared Ground‑Sparrow

Potential Autonomous Selfing in Gesneria citrina (Gesneriaceae),a Specialized Hummingbird Pollinated Species with Variable Expression of Herkogamy

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第10期51卷 973-978页

作者： Xin-Sheng Chen Silvana Marten-Rodriguez Qing-Jun Li Charles B. Fenster Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla 666303 China department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA Herbario de la universidad de costa Rica Escuela de Biologia Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio San Pedro San Jose Costa Rica

Species with mixed mating systems often demonstrate variable expression of breeding system characteristics and thus represent the opportunity to understand the factors and mechanisms that promote both outcrossed and selfed seed production. Here, we investigate variation in levels of herkogamy （variation in stigma-anther separation distance） in a Puerto Rican population of hummingbird pollinated Gesneria citrina Urban. There is significant variation in herkogamy levels among individuals of this species and stigma-anther separation is negatively associated with the ability to set fruits and seeds in the absence of pollinators. The variation in levels of herkogamy may represent a mechanism to ensure the production of some self-fertilized progeny in the absence of hummingbird pollinators. We also describe a novel breeding system in G. citrina, where stamens elongate over time to reach stigma height, but stamen elongation is accelerated by pollination. These results suggest that once the flowers are pollinated, stamen elongation may favor increased pollen removal and siring success, while the reduction in stigma-anther distance no longer imposes the risk of interference between male and female functions. We discuss our findings of breeding system variation in the context of pollination system evolution in an island setting （Antillean islands）.

关键词： mixed-mating pollen limitation pollination system Puerto Rico reproductive assurance stigma-anther separation.

Recent surface marine sediments of Cocos Island in costa Rica

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第1期29卷 59-72页

作者： Jeffrey A.SIBAJA-CORdeRO Jesús S.TRONCOSO Eddy GóMEZ-RAMíREZ Escuela de Biología&Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mary Limnología (CIMAR) Universidad de Costa Rica Dr.grad.by departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal Facultad de Ciencias del MarUniversidad de Vigo departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal Facultad de Ciencias del MarUniversidad de VigoCampus Lagoas Marcosende Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mary Limnología(CIMAR) Universidad de Costa RicaSan Pedro 115012 060 San JoséCosta Rica Dr.(Cand).departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias del Mary AmbientalesUniversidad de Cádiz

Subtidal sediments of Isla del Coco(Cocos Island),costa Rica were described in their grain size,sorting,organic matter,and carbonates from 27 dredge samples(3-75 m),collected in April *** organic matter range between 1.37-3.31%and carbonates presented a mean of 74±17%.The sorting was moderately or *** grain size ranged between *** pattern is that sediment change from inner to mouth of *** and gravel fractions increased offshore and organic matter have high values inner the *** of vegetal debris and mud was from the rivers of this island covered with rain and cloud forest.

关键词： Sand bottom Sorting Organic matter Carbonates Isla del Coco

Source identification and global implications of black carbon

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 404-416页

作者： Erika P.Blanco-Donado Ismael L.Schneider Paulo Artaxo Jesus Lozano-Osorio Luana Portz Marcos L.S.Oliveira department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCUCBarranquilla080002Colombia department of Applied Physics Institute of PhysicsUniversity of São PauloSP 05508-220Brazil universidad de Lima Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600Santiago de Surco 1503Peru

Black carbon(BC)is one of the short-lived air pollutants that contributes significantly to aerosol radiative forcing and global climate *** is emitted by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels,biofuels,and *** environments are quite complex and thus,the use of mobile jointly with fixed monitoring provides a better understanding of the dynamics of BC distribution in such *** present study addresses the measurement of BC concentration using real-time mobile and ambient monitoring in Barranquilla,an industrialized urban area of the Colombian Caribbean.A microaethalometer(MA200)and an aethalometer(AE33)were used for measuring the BC *** absorption Ångström exponent(AAE)values were determined for the study area,for identifying the BC emission *** results of the ambient sampling show that vehicle traffic emissions prevail;however,the influence of biomass burning was also *** mean ambient BC concentration was found to be 1.04±1.03μg/m^(3) and varied between 0.5 and 4.0μg/m^(3).From the mobile measurements obtained in real traffic conditions on the road,a much higher average value of 16.1±16.5μg/m^(3) was *** parts of the city showed BC concentrations higher than 20μg/m^(3).The spatial distribution of BC concentration shows that vehicle emissions and traffic jams,a consequence of road and transport infrastructure,are the factors that most affect the BC concentration.A comparison of results obtained from two aethalometers indicates that the concentrations measured by MA200 are 9%lower than those measured by *** AAE obtained was found to vary between 1.1 and 1.6,indicating vehicular emissions as the most crucial *** addition,it was observed that the BC concentration on working days was 2.5 times higher than on the weekends in the case of mobile monitoring and 1.5 times higher in the case of ambient monitoring.

关键词： Air pollution Black carbon Spatial distribution Source apportionment AbsorptionÅngström exponent

Blood Flow Simulation in the Femoral Artery

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2018年第3期16卷 269-279页

作者： Camilo A.Naranjo Andrés F.Villa Juan C.Vélez Ricardo A.Prato Alberto J.Cadena Juan P.Tello IPATEC Institute CONICETBariloche R8400 Integra IT Bogotá 602 the Electronic and Electric Engineering department Universidad del NorteBarranquilla 1569 the Institute of Mathematics Universidad de AntioquiaMedellin 050010 the Cardiology department Clínica de la CostaBarranquilla 080020

This paper presents the development of the blood flow simulation in two dimensions over the real geometry of the femoral artery. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using the finite element method, to obtain the distributions of the blood pressure and flow velocity in multiple instants of time and different places of the femoral artery and thus determine the current condition of the blood vessels. The velocity field shows a laminar behavior,where, the velocity is higher in the center of the artery and decreases as the blood flow approaches artery walls. In spite of all artery and blood flow properties not being considered, the values of pressure and velocity obtained are within the normal ranges. Finally the model is used to verify if there exist irregularities in the blood flow in both healthy subjects and sick patients.

关键词： Blood flow femoral artery finite elements Navier-Stokes pressure velocity