Urbanization has opposite effects on the territory size of two passerine birds

作     者：Roselvy Juárez Eduardo Chacón‑Madrigal Luis Sandoval Roselvy Juárez;Eduardo Chacón?Madrigal;Luis Sandoval

作者机构：Escuela de BiologíaUniversidad de Costa RicaCP:11501‑2060San PedroMontes de OcaSan JoséCosta Rica Ambientey DesarrolloUniversidad ZamoranoCarretera a Danlíkm 30Francisco MorazánHonduras. 

出 版 物：《Avian Research》 (鸟类学研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2020年第11卷第2期

页      面：191-199页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 0713[理学-生态学] 

基　　金：a grant in the form of the scholarship Julio E.Sánchez para el Avance de la Ornitología from Unión de Ornitólogos de Costa Rica Escuela de Biología,Universidad de Costa Rica,for the partial time support Vicerrectoría de Investigación for the support under the project number B5241 Ecología de la comunicación acústica en aves de ambientes urbanos 

主　　题：House Wren Melozone leucotis Troglodytes aedon Urban adapter Urban avoider Urban-rural gradient Territory size White‑eared Ground‑Sparrow 

摘      要：Background:Urban expansion has been identified as one of the leading drivers of biodiversity change or *** birds,urbanization is specifically related to survival,breeding success,and territory *** how different birds adjust territory size in response to urbanization is essential for their conservation in urban environments and to better understand why some species are lost and others persist under this *** evaluated the effect of urbanization on the territory size of an urban avoider species,White-eared Ground-Sparrow(Melozone leucotis),and an urban adapter species,House Wren(Troglodytes aedon),at five Costa Rican ***:We measured the size of 30 ground-sparrow and 28 wren territories using a total of 296 h of *** followed each individual for at least 1 h per day for at least 2 days of two consecutive years,and geo-referenced their *** size was estimated using the minimum convex polygon *** measured the urban surfaces(roads,buildings,any other paved area,soccer fields,lawns,and gardens with short grass)within ***:Ground-sparrow territories were larger at the highly urbanized site than at the non-urbanized *** territories were larger at the low urbanized site than at the highly urbanized *** found a positive relationship between urban surface and territory size for the ground-sparrow,but not for the ***:Our results showed that not all birds adjust territory size in the same way in response to *** showed that urban avoiders probably need to defend larger territories in urban environments to find all the resources required to survive because urban environments may provide insufficient resources such as food or *** adapters on the other hand defend smaller territories in urban environments because even small territories may provide sufficient *** results suggest specific behavioral adaptations developed by Neotropical birds inha