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root uv-b sensitive Mutants Are Suppressed by Specific Mutations in ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE2 and by Exogenous Vitamin B6

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 759-770页

作者： Colin D. Leasure Hong-Yun Tong Xue-Wen Hou Amy Shelton Mike Minton Raymond Esquerra sanja Roje Hanjo Hellmann Zheng-Hui He department of Biology 1600 Holloway Avenue San Francisco State University San Francisco CA 94132 USA department of Chemistry and Biochemistry 1600 Holloway Avenue San Francisco State University San Francisco CA 94132 USA The Institute of Biological Chemistry Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA School of Biological Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA

Vitamin B6 （vitB6） serves as an essential cofactor for more than 140 enzymes. Pyridoxal 5＇-phosphate （PLP）, active cofactor form of vitB6, can be photolytically destroyed by trace amounts of ultraviolet-B （UV-B）. How sun-exposed organisms cope with PLP photosensitivity and modulate vitB6 homeostasis is currently unknown. We previously reported on two Arabidopsis mutants, rusl and rus2, that are hypersensitive to trace amounts of UV-B light. We performed mutagenesis screens for second-site suppressors of the rus mutant phenotype and identified mutations in the ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE2 （ASP2） gene. ASP2 encodes for cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase （AAT）, a PLP-dependent enzyme that plays a key role in carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Genetic analyses have shown that specific amino acid substitutions in ASP2 override the phenotypes of rusl and rus2 single mutants as well as rusl rus2 double mutant. These substitutions, all shown to reside at specific positions in the PLP-binding pocket, resulted in no PLP binding. Additional asp2 mutants that abolish AAT enzymatic activity, but which alter amino acids outside of the PLP-binding pocket, fail to suppress the rus phenotype. Furthermore, exogenously adding vitB6 in growth media can rescue both rusl and rus2. Our data suggest that AAT plays a role in vitB6 homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

关键词： Vitamin B6 pyridoxal-phosphate aspartate aminotransferase ultraviolet light photo protection.

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Telemedicine diabetic retinopathy screening: rationale and practical considerations in mobile imaging with ultra-widefield photography

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Annals of Eye Science 2021年第3期6卷 59-62页

作者： Jay M.Stewart Armin R.Afshar University of California San FranciscoDepartment of OphthalmologySan FranciscoCAUSA Zuckerberg san francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center Department of OphthalmologySan FranciscoCAUSA

Several factors drive the need for increased efficiency in telemedicine screening programs directed toward diabetic retinopathy:continually increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide,growing awareness among physicians and patients of the importance of early detection of retinal damage,and emerging technology in artificial intelligence that enables rapid identification of vision-threatening fundus *** this context,optimizing workflows in teleretinopathy programs becomes a *** work has revealed opportunities for improvement in areas of logistics,in particular in finding the best way to get diabetic patients in front of screening cameras as conveniently as possible,as this improves compliance and,ultimately,achieves the widest reach for detection *** present review discusses particular aspects of mobile screening programs in which specialized retinal cameras are deployed in a van or similar type of vehicle so that they can reach patients anywhere in order to reduce barriers to *** rationale for implementing such programs and practical considerations are presented,along with a view toward future expansion of screening and integration with artificial intelligence *** standardization of format and quality control among smartphone-linked approaches at present,translation of eye clinic-based photographic techniques to community-based screening offers a means of expanding the scope of impactful screening programs without the need for adoption of significantly new technology.

关键词： Diabetic retinopathy telemedicine screening photography

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Biology Past and Biology Future:Where have we been and where are we going?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第25期8卷 2309-2316页

作者： Bruce Alberts department of Biochemistry and Biophysics the University of California San Francisco

Bruce Alberts, a prominent biochemist with a strong commitment to the improvement of science and mathematics education, serves as Editor-in-Chief of Science and as one of President Obama＇s first three Science Envoys. Alberts is also Professor Emeritus in the department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of California, san francisco, to which he returned after serving two six-year terms as the president of the National Academy of Sciences （NAS）.

关键词： Biology Past and Biology Future

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IgG Fc engineering to modulate antiboc affector functions

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Protein & Cell 2018年第1期9卷 63-73页

作者： Xinhua Wang Mary Mathieu Randall J. Brezski Genentech Antibody Engineering South San Francisco CA 94080 USA

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are among the most effective biotherapeutics to date. An important aspect of antibodies is their ability to bind antigen while at the same time recruit immune effector functions. The majority of approved recombinant monoclonal antibody therapies are of the human IgG1 subclass, which can engage both humoral and cellular components of the immune system. The wealth of information generated about antibodies has afforded investigators the ability to molecularly engineer antibodies to modulate effector functions. Here, we review various antibody engineering efforts intended to improve efficacy and safety relative to the human IgG isotype. Further, we will discuss pro- posed mechanisms by which engineering approaches led to modified interactions with immune components and provide examples of clinical studies using next generation antibodies.

关键词： antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis,complement-dependent cytotoxicity Fc engineering Fcgamma receptor monoclonal antibody neonatal Fc receptor

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Nitrogen further promotes a dominant salt marsh plant in an increasingly saline environment

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第4期5卷 429-441页

作者： Amelia Byrd Ryan Katharyn E.Boyer Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies San Francisco State University3152 Paradise DriveTiburonCA 94920USA department of Biology San Francisco State University1600 Holloway AvenueSan FranciscoCA 94132 USA

Aims Human alterations of the environment are combining in unprecedented ways,making predictions of alterations to natural communities a difficult and pressing *** systems have been subject to a high degree of modification,including increased nitrogen(N)inputs and altered salinity,factors important in shaping estuarine plant *** human populations increase and the climate changes,both N and salinity levels are likely to increase in these coastal *** objective was to evaluate the interactive effects of N and salinity on USWest Coast salt marsh species;in particular,the performance of the dominant species Sarcocornia pacifica(pickleweed)alone and in mixed species *** expected increased salinity to favor *** but that N enrichment could help maintain greater species richness through use of N in salinity tolerance *** We crossed treatments of N(added or not)and salinity(salt added or not)in a field experiment at a salt marsh in the san francisco Estuary,California,USA,in each of three habitats:(i)monotypic pickleweed on the marsh plain,(ii)monotypic pickleweed along channels and(iii)mixed assemblages along *** a greenhouse experiment,we crossed treatments of N(added or not)and salinity(at three levels to simulate brackish to saline conditions)in(i)pots of pickleweed only and(ii)the same species mix as in the *** Findings Naddition doubled *** biomass and branching in both channel and marsh plain habitats regardless of salinity and greatly increased its dominance over Distichlis spicata and Jaumea carnosa in mixed assemblages along *** the greenhouse,*** biomass increased 6-to 10-fold with N addition over the range of salinities,while *** and *** biomass increased with N addition only at lower salinity ***,while localized management could influence outcomes,expected overall increases in both N and salinity with human population growth and climat

关键词： Distichlis eutrophication Jaumea salinity Sarcocornia

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Hepatocellular carcinoma in the elderly:Meta-analysis and systematic literature review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第42期21卷 12197-12210页

作者： Annie K Hung Jennifer Guy department of Internal Medicine California Pacific Medical CenterSan Francisco department of Transplantation Division of Hepatology California Pacific Medical Center San Francisco

AIM: To conduct a meta-analysis to investigate theclinical outcomes of surgical resection and locoregional treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in elderly patients defined as aged 70 years or more. METHODS: Literature documenting a comparison of clinical outcomes for elderly and non elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was identified by searching Pub Med, Ovid, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, for those from inception to March 2015 with no limits. Dichotomous outcomes and standard meta-analysis techniques were used. Heterogeneity was tested by the Cochrane Q statistic. Pooled estimates were measured using the fixed or random effect ***: Twenty three studies were included with a total of 12482 patients. Of these patients, 6341 were treated with surgical resection, 3138 were treated with radiofrequency ablation(RFA), and 3003 were treated with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE). Of the patients who underwent surgical resection, the elderly had significantly more respiratory co-morbidities than the younger group, with both groups having a similar proportion of cardiovascular co-morbidities and diabetes. After 1 year, the elderly group had significantly increased survival rates after surgical resection compared to the younger group(OR = 0.762, 95%CI: 0.583-0.994, P = 0.045). However, the 3-year and 5-year survival outcomes with surgical resection between the two groups were similar(OR = 0.947, 95%CI: 0.777-1.154, P = 0.67 for the third year; and OR = 1.131, 95%CI: 0.895-1.430, P = 0.304 for the fifth year). Postoperative treatment complications were similar between the elderly and younger group. The elderly group and younger group had similar survival outcomes for the first and third year after RFA(OR = 1.5, 95%CI: 0.788-2.885, P = 0.217 and OR = 1.352, 95%CI: 0.940-1.944, P = 0.104). For the fifth year, the elderly group had significantly worse survival rates compared to the younger group after RFA(OR = 1.379, 95%CI: 1.079-

关键词： Liver neoplasms Hepatocellular carcinoma Elderly p

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Role of lipids in the control of autophagy and primary cilium signaling in neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 264-271页

作者： María Paz Hernández-Cáceres Daniela Pinto-Nuñez Patricia Rivera Paulina Burgos francisco Díaz-Castro Alfredo Criollo Maria Jose Yañez Eugenia Morselli Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas(ICOD) Facultad de OdontologíaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine and ScienceUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile Physiology department Faculty of Biological SciencesPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas&Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Autophagy Research Center SantiagoChile

The brain is,after the adipose tissue,the organ with the greatest amount of lipids and diversity in their composition in the human *** neurons,lipids are involved in signaling pathways controlling autophagy,a lysosome-dependent catabolic process essential for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis and the function of the primary cilium,a cellular antenna that acts as a communication hub that transfers extracellular signals into intracellular responses required for neurogenesis and brain development.A crosstalk between primary cilia and autophagy has been established;however,its role in the control of neuronal activity and homeostasis is barely *** this review,we briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of autophagy and the primary cilium in *** we review the recent literature about specific lipid subclasses in the regulation of autophagy,in the control of primary cilium structure and its dependent cellular signaling in physiological and pathological conditions,specifically focusing on neurons,an area of research that could have major implications in neurodevelopment,energy homeostasis,and neurodegeneration.

关键词： autophagic flux cholesterol fatty acids GPCR lysosomal storage diseases neurons NPC1 phosphoinositides primary cilium

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Distribution and Ecology of the Western Ecuador Frog Leptodactylus labrosus (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae)

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Zoological Research 2006年第3期27卷 225-234页

作者： Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia College of Biological and Environmental Sciences universidad san franciscode quito Casilla Postal 17-12-841QuitoEcuador

Leptodactylus labrosus is a terrestrial sit-and-wait predator; its diet includes ground-level, fossorial, and flying insects, and ants numerically predominate. Bothrops asper is recorded as a predator of L. labrosus. L. labrosus lives mainly in deciduous and semi-deciduous forests, where it is restricted to wet microhabitats, and occasionally in evergreen forests. L. labrosus inhabits northern, central, and southern regions of western coastal Ecuador and northern and central western coastal Peru up to 700 m, and into the dry interandean valleys of southern Ecuador and northern Peru up to 1 300 m. Its distribution encompasses moistly seasonally dry forest in coastal Ecuador and Peru. It also occupies moister areas towards the slopes of the Andes where it is sympatric with three other congeneric species, but at sites of sympatry the species show habitat segregation. The distribution pattern of L. labrosus is shared by several other range-restricted am- phibians corresponding to the Tumbesian region, which should be recognized as an endemic Amphibian area. The zone between the Choco and Tumbesian regions, where L. labrosus gets in sympatry with other Leptodactylus species, possess ecological and climatic characteristics that have shaped a unique fauna, including several endemic taxa; and it should be recognized as the west Ecuadorian endemic region.

关键词： Leptodactylus Distribution Endemism area Ecuador

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The intestinal epithelial response to damage

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第10期61卷 1205-1211页

作者： Laura Weichselbaum Ophir D.Klein Program in Craniofacial Biology and department of Orofacial Sciences University of CaliforniaSan Francisco CA 94143USA Institute for Medical Immunology Université Libre de BruxellesGosselies 6041Belgium Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology Université libre de BruxellesBrussels 1070Belgium department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143 USA

The constant renewal of the intestinal epithelium is fueled by intestinal stem cells(ISCs) lying at the base of crypts, and these ISCs continuously give rise to transit-amplifying progenitor cells during homeostasis. Upon injury and loss of ISCs, the epithelium has the ability to regenerate by the dedifferentiation of progenitor cells that then regain stemness and repopulate the pool of ISCs. Epithelial cells receive cues from immune cells, mesenchymal cells and the microbiome to maintain *** review focuses on the response of the epithelium to damage and the interplay between the different intestinal compartments.

关键词： intestine regeneration microenvironment

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Single-particle cryo-EM: beyond the resolution

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National Science Review 2019年第5期6卷 864-866页

作者： Jean-Paul Armache Yifan Cheng department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences Pennsylvania State University Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California San Francisco department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California San Francisco

Structural biology aims to provide structural insights into our understandings of biological processes at the atomic *** structures of biological macromolecules are often determinedby one of the three major methods:Xr... 详细信息

关键词： Single-particle cryo-EM beyond the resolution

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