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Calcium/calcimimetic via calcium-sensing receptor ameliorates cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期30卷 268-279页

作者： Lie-Qi Tang Johnathan Fraebel Shi Jin Steven P Winesett Jane Harrell Wen-Han Chang Sam Xianjun Cheng department of Pediatrics University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States College of Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States Brain Rehabilitation Research Center Malcom Randall VA Medical CenterGainesvilleFL 32610United States department of Medicine Endocrine Research UnitVeterans Affairs Medical CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94121United States department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUniversity of Florida Shands Children’s HospitalGainesvilleFL 32608United States

BACKGROUND Enterotoxins produce diarrhea through direct epithelial action and indirectly by activating the enteric nervous ***-sensing receptor(CaSR)inhibits both *** latter has been well documented in vitro but not in *** hypothesis to be tested was that activating CaSR inhibits diarrhea in *** To determine whether CaSR agonists ameliorate secretory diarrhea evoked by cholera toxin(CTX)in *** CTX was given orally to C57BL/6 mice to induce *** and calci-mimetic R568 were used to activate *** maximize their local intestinal actions,calcium was administered luminally via oral rehydration solution(ORS),whereas R568 was applied serosally using an intraperitoneal *** verify that their actions resulted from the intestine,effects were also examined on Cre-lox intestine-specific CaSR *** outcome was measured biochemically by monitoring changes in fecal Cl-or clinically by assessing stool consistency and weight *** CTX induced secretory diarrhea,as evidenced by increases in fecal Cl-,stool consistency,and weight loss following CTX exposure,but did not alter CaSR,neither in content nor in ***,calcium and R568 were each able to ameliorate diarrhea when applied to diseased *** CaSR involvement is suggested by gene knockout experiments where the anti-diarrheal actions of R568 were lost in intestinal epithelial CaSR knockouts(villinCre/Casrflox/flox)and neuronal CaSR knockouts(nestinCre/Casrflox/flox).CONCLUSION Treatment of acute secretory diarrheas remains a global *** advances in diarrhea research,few have been made in the realm of diarrhea *** therapy has remained the standard of care,although it does not halt the losses of intestinal fluid and ions caused by *** is no cost-effective therapeutic for *** and other studies suggest that adding calcium to ORS or using calcimimetics to activate intestinal CaSR might

关键词： Cholera Enteric nervous system Secretory diarrhea Oral rehydration solution Calcium-sensing receptor Gene knockout

Weight regain after intragastric balloon for pre-surgical weight loss

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 2040-2046页

作者： Danielle Abbitt Kevin Choy Alexandra Kovar Teresa S Jones Krzysztof J Wikiel Edward L Jones department of Surgery University of ColoradoAuroraCO 80045United States department of Surgery Rocky Mountain Regional Veteran Affairs Medical CenterAuroraCO 80045United States

BACKGROUND Over one-third of Americans carry the diagnosis of obesity,many also with obesity-related *** can place patients at increased risk of operative and postoperative *** intragastric balloon has been shown to aid in minor weight loss,however its weight recidivism in patients requiring short interval weight loss has not been well *** To evaluate weight loss,ability to undergo successful elective surgery after intragastric balloon placement,and weight management after balloon *** This study is a retrospective review of patients in a single academic institution undergoing intragastric balloon placement from 2019-2023 to aid in weight loss prior to undergoing elective *** outcomes including weight loss,duration of balloon placement,successful elective surgery,weight regain postballoon and post-procedure complications were *** criteria included those with balloon in place at time of *** Thirty-three patients completed intragastric balloon therapy from 2019-2023 as a bridge to elective *** patients were required to participate in a 12-month weight management program to be eligible for balloon *** surgeries included incisional hernia repair,umbilical hernia repair,inguinal hernia repair,and knee and hip *** average age at placement was 53 years±11 years,majority(91%)were *** average duration of intragastric balloon therapy was 186 days±41 *** average weight loss was 14.0 kg±7.4 kg and with an average percent excess body weight loss of 30.0%(7.9%-73.6%).Over half of the patients(52.0%)achieved the goal of 30-50 lbs(14-22 kg)weight ***-one patients(64%)underwent their intended elective surgery,2 patients(6%)deferred surgery due to symptom relief with weight loss ***-one of the patients(64%)have documented weights in 3 months after balloon removal,in these patients the majority(76%)gained weight after balloon *** pat

关键词： Intragastric balloon Weight loss Obesity Bariatric Body mass index

CD200Rhigghh neutrophils with dysfunctional autophagy establish systemic immunosuppression by increasing regulatory T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 349-361页

作者： Ye Seon Kim Yu Sun Jeong Geon Ho Bae Ji Hyeon Kang Mingyu Lee Brian A.Zabel Yoe-Sik Bae department of Biological Sciences Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea department of Health Science and Technology SAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06351Republic of Korea Palo Alto veterans Institute for Research Veterans Affairs HospitalPalo AltoCA94304USA

Distinct neutrophil populations arise during certain pathological *** generation of dysfunctional neutrophils during sepsis and their contribution to septicemia-related systemic immune suppression remain *** this study,using an experimental sepsis model that features immunosuppression,we identified a novel population of pathogenic CD200R^(high) neutrophils that are generated during the initial stages of sepsis and contribute to systemic immune suppression by enhancing regulatory T(T_(reg))*** to their CD200R^(low)counterparts,sepsis-generated CD200Rhigh neutrophils exhibit impaired autophagy and dysfunction,with reduced chemotactic migration,superoxide anion production,and TNF-α*** soluble CD200 blocks autophagy and neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow during experimental sepsis,and recombinant CD200 treatment in vitro can induce neutrophil dysfunction similar to that observed in CD200R^(high) *** administration of anα-CD200R antibody effectively reversed neutrophil dysfunction by enhancing autophagy and protecting against a secondary infection challenge,leading to increased *** analysis revealed that CD200R^(high) neutrophils expressed high levels of Igf1,which elicits the generation of Treg cells,while the administration of anα-CD200R antibody inhibited Treg cell generation in a secondary infection *** together,our findings revealed a novel CD200R^(high) neutrophil population that mediates the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced systemic immunosuppression by generating Treg cells.

关键词： Sepsis Neutrophils CD200R Autophagy IGF-1 Regulatory T cells

Skeletal muscle as a molecular and cellular biomarker of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:a narrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 747-753页

作者： Peter H.King department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Birmingham veterans affairs Medical Center BirminghamALUSA

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal multisystemic neurodegenerative disease with motor neurons being a primary *** progressive weakness is a hallmark feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,there is considerable heterogeneity,including clinical presentation,progression,and the underlying triggers for disease *** on longitudinal studies with families harboring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated gene mutations,it has become apparent that overt disease is preceded by a prodromal phase,possibly in years,where compensatory mechanisms delay symptom *** 85-90%of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is sporadic,there is a strong need for identifying biomarkers that can detect this prodromal phase as motor neurons have limited capacity for *** Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies work by slowing the degenerative process and are most effective early in the *** muscle,including the neuromuscular junction,manifests abnormalities at the earliest stages of the disease,before motor neuron loss,making it a promising source for identifying biomarkers of the prodromal *** accessibility of muscle through biopsy provides a lens into the distal motor system at earlier stages and in real *** advent of“omics”technology has led to the identification of numerous dysregulated molecules in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis muscle,ranging from coding and non-coding RNAs to proteins and *** technology has opened the door for identifying biomarkers of disease activity and providing insight into disease mechanisms.A major challenge is correlating the myriad of dysregulated molecules with clinical or histological progression and understanding their relevance to presymptomatic phases of *** are two major goals of this *** first is to summarize some of the biomarkers identified in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis muscle that have a clinicopathological correlation with disease activi

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarkers clinicopathological correlation disease progression muscle biomarkers neurogenic atrophy neuromuscular junction non-coding RNAs presymptomatic stages skeletal muscle SOD1G93A mouse model

Editor-in-Chief articles of choice and comments at the year-end of 2023

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第1期30卷 1-8页

作者： Andrzej S Tarnawski department of Gastroenterology Research University of California Irvine and the Veterans Administration Long Beach Healthcare SystemLong BeachCA 90822United States

As the Editor-in-Chief of World Journal of Gastroenterology,every week prior to a new issue’s online publication,I perform a careful review of all encompassed articles,including the title,clinical and/or research importance,originality,novelty,and ratings by the peer *** on this review,I select the papers of choice and suggest pertinent changes(e.g.,in the title)to the Company Editors responsible for *** process,while time-consuming,is very important for assuring the quality of publications and highlighting important articles that Readers may revisit.

关键词： Papers of choice Careful weekly review Suggested changes/revisions Hepatocellular carcinoma Pancreatic cancer Liver cirrhosis Liver injury Gastric cancer Colorectal cancer Inflammatory bowel diseases

Acute and chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan Ping Yu Emily Choi Michael QJiang Ling Wei department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease are common neurological disorders and often occur in the same *** comorbidity of the two neurological disorders represents a grave health threat to older *** review presents a brief background of the development of novel concepts and their clinical *** activity of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca^(2+)influx is critical for neuronal *** ischemic insult induces prompt and excessive glutamate release and drastic increases of intracellular Ca^(2+)mainly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasynaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked neuronal cell death in the ischemic core is dominated by necrosis within a few hours and days known as acute ***,mild but sustained Ca^(2+)increases under neurodegenerative conditions such as in the distant penumbra of the ischemic brain and early stages of Alzheimer's disease are not immediately toxic,but gradually set off deteriorating Ca^(2+)-dependent signals and neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed cell death *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent advances,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silent”degenerative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades and is recognized as a unique slow and chronic *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN3A,primarily at the extrasynaptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and is neuroprotective against both acute and chronic *** stroke and Alzheimer's disease,therefore,share an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-and Ca^(2+)-mediated mechanism,although with much different time *** is thus proposed that early interventions to control Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for individuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive deficits hyperactivity late-onset Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits pathogenesis preventive treatment

Simultaneous portal vein thrombosis and splenic vein thrombosis in a COVID-19 patient:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第18期12卷 3561-3566页

作者： Binyamin Ravina Abramowitz Michael Coles Ayse Aytaman Bani Chander-Roland Daniel Anthony DiLeo department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology SUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNY 11203United States department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brooklyn Campus of the Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare SystemBrooklynNY 11209United States

BACKGROUND It is well-described that the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic *** there have been many cases of pulmonary emboli and deep vein thrombosis in these patients,reports of COVID-19 associated portal vein thrombosis(PVT)have been *** present a unique case of concomitant PVT and splenic artery thrombosis in a COVID-19 *** SUMMARY A 77-year-old-male with no history of liver disease presented with three days of left-sided abdominal *** week earlier,the patient was diagnosed with mildly symptomatic COVID-19 and was treated with nirmatrelvir/*** exam revealed mild right and left lower quadrant tenderness,but was otherwise *** laboratory findings included white blood cell count 12.5 K/μL,total bilirubin 1.6 mg/dL,aminoaspartate transferase 40 U/L,and alanine aminotransferase 61 U/*** tomography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed acute PVT with thrombus extending from the distal portion of the main portal vein into the right and left *** noted was a thrombus within the distal portion of the splenic artery with resulting splenic *** workup including prothrombin gene analysis,factor V Leiden,cardiolipin antibody,and JAK2 mutation were all *** with enoxaparin was initiated,and the patient’s pain *** was discharged on *** It is quite uncommon for PVT to present simultaneously with an arterial thrombotic occlusion,as in the case of our *** thrombotic manifestations are classically linked to hypercoagulable states including malignancy and hereditary and autoimmune *** infections such as Epstein-Barr virus,cytomegalovirus,viral hepatitis,and COVID-19 have all been found to increase the risk of splanchnic venous occlusions,including *** our patient,prompt abdominal imaging led to early detection of thrombus,early treatment,and an exce

关键词： COVID-19 Thromboembolism Portal vein thrombosis Splenic artery thrombosis Anticoagulation Lovenox Thrombotic complication Case report

First 150 years of catatonia:Looking back at its complicated history and forward to the road ahead

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 600-606页

作者： Levente Csihi Gabor S Ungvari Stanley N Caroff Gábor Gazdag department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation Jahn Ferenc South Pest HospitalBudapest 1204Hungary Division of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawley 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Section of Psychiatry University of Notre DameFremantle 6160Western AustraliaAustralia Behavioral Health Service Corporal Michael J CresenczVeterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States department of Psychiatry University of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19104United States department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Faculty of MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1083Hungary

Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum(1828-1899)was the first to conceptualize and describe the main clinical features of a novel psychiatric illness,which he termed catatonia in his groundbreaking monograph published 150 years *** Kahlbaum postulated catatonia as a separate disease entity characterized by psychomotor symptoms and a cyclical course,a close examination of his 26 cases reveals that most of them presented with motor symptom complexes or syndromes associated with various psychiatric and medical *** his classification system,Kraepelin categorized catatonic motor symptoms that occur in combination with psychotic symptoms and typically have a poor prognosis within his dementia praecox(schizophrenia)disease *** of the substantial influence of Kraepelin’s classification,catatonia was predominantly perceived as a component of schizophrenia for most of the 20th ***,with the advent of the psychopharmacotherapy era starting from the early 1950s,interest in catatonia in both clinical practice and research subsided until the early *** past two decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in *** Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition,marked a paradigmatic shift by acknowledging that catatonia can occur secondary to various psychiatric and medical *** introduction of an independent diagnostic category termed“Catatonia Not Otherwise Specified”significantly stimulated research in this *** authors briefly review the history and findings of recent catatonia research and highlight promising directions for future exploration.

关键词： Catatonia Historical overview Psychopharmacology Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school

Decision-Making and Management of Self-Care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Preliminary Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第2期14卷 47-63页

作者： Paul E. Plonski Jasmin Vassileva Ryan Shahidi Paul B. Perrin William Carter Lance L. Goetz Amber Brochetti James M. Bjork Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Richmond veterans affairs Medical Center Richmond VA USA department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA department of Spinal Cord Injury Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland OH USA department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Patients and physicians understand the importance of self-care following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet many individuals with SCI do not adhere to recommended self-care activities despite logistical supports. Neurobehavioral determinants of SCI self-care behavior, such as impulsivity, are not widely studied, yet understanding them could inform efforts to improve SCI self-care. We explored associations between impulsivity and self-care in an observational study of 35 US adults age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with paraplegia at least six months before assessment. The primary outcome measure was self-reported self-care. In LASSO regression models that included all neurobehavioral measures and demographics as predictors of self-care, dispositional measures of greater impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance), and reduced mindfulness were associated with reduced self-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a latent decision-making parameter derived from computationally modeling successive choices in a gambling task, was also associated with self-care behavior. These results are preliminary;more research is needed to demonstrate the utility of these findings in clinical settings. Information about associations between impulsivity and poor self-care in people with SCI could guide the development of interventions to improve SCI self-care and help patients with elevated risks related to self-care and secondary health conditions.

关键词： Spinal Cord Injury Self-Care Decision-Making Paraplegia Impulsive Behavior Health Care