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A lead role for a“secondary”axonal injury response

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 469-470页

作者： Melissa A.Rudy Trent A.Watkins Division of Neuroimmunology and Glial Biology Department of NeurologyUniversity of California at San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA development Disease Modelsand Therapeutics Graduate ProgramBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA

Stress signaling following axon injury stimulates a transcriptional program for regeneration that might be exploited to promote central nervous system ***,this stress response drives neuronal apoptosis in non-regenerative *** duality presents a quandary for the development of therapeutic interventions:manipulating stress signaling to enhance recovery of damaged neurons risks accelerating neurodegeneration or restricting regenerative *** dichotomy is well illustrated by the fates of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)following optic nerve *** this central nervous system injury model,disruption of a stress-activated MAP kinase(MAPK)cascade blocks the extensive apoptosis of RGCs that occurs in wild-type mice(Watkins et al.,2013;Welsbie et al.,2017).

关键词： injury axonal stress

Drought Adaptation and Coping Strategies Among the Turkana Pastoralists of Northern Kenya

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第3期6卷 295-309页

作者： Francis Opiyo Oliver Wasonga Moses Nyangito Janpeter Schilling Richard Munang Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology University of Nairobi united nations development programme(UNDP) Global Policy Centre International Alert EnvironmentClimate Change and Security Program united nations Environment programme(UNEP) Regional Office for Africa

This study highlights drought characteristics and the many responses to drought stresses employed by Turkana pastoralists of northwestern Kenya. Multiple data sources, including socioeconomic interviews with 302 households, focus group discussions, and informal interviews with pastoralists were used to capture various aspects of drought and drought adaptation and coping *** precipitation index derived from long-term rainfall data obtained from the Kenya Meteorological Service was used to quantify different degrees of drought intensity between 1950 and 2012. Results revealed that extreme drought events were increasingly frequent, and have impacted negatively on pastoral livelihoods. In order to adapt to or cope with climatic anomalies, households are using a variety of strategies. In addition to the traditional short-term coping mechanisms, the long-term adaptation strategies used include diversification of livelihood sources; livestock mobility to track forage and water resources;diversification of herd composition to benefit from the varied drought and disease tolerance, as well as fecundity of diverse livestock species; and sending children to school for formal education as a long term investment expected to pay back through income from employment. Policies anddevelopment interventions that reduce risks, diminish livelihood constraints, and expand opportunities for increased household resilience to drought are critical complements to the existing pastoral strategies.

关键词： Adaptive capacity Climate change Pastoralism Resilience Turkana

Dynamic assembly and biocatalysis-selected gelation endow self-compartmentalized multienzyme superactivity

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第10期65卷 1985-1993页

作者： Yue Liao Xia Wang Hongdou Shen Ziyang Tai Qigang Wang School of Chemical Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China united nations Environment program-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable development Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Cellular metabolism in multiple organelles utilizes compartmentalized multienzyme efficient catalysis to realize substance metabolism, energy conversion and immune defenses. The convenient and biomimetic design of artificial multienzymes has become an emerging research topic. Herein, we employ a facile enzyme-initiated radical polymerization to self-anchor multienzyme in cell-like hydrogels with mesoscale compartments. The dynamic assembly of glucose oxidase/cytochrome c(GOx/Cyt c) with methacrylate-modified hyaluronic acid can form nanoaggregates, where only the bound enzyme pairs with the adjacent position can catalyze the polymerization to compartmentalize multienzymes within hydrogel. Consequently, the cascade enzymes within hydrogel display 33.9 times higher activity compared to free enzymes, as well as excellent thermostability and multiple recyclability. The mechanism study indicates that the compartmental effect of the hydrogel and the anchoring effect of Cyt c synergistically enhance GOx/Cyt c activity. According to the density functional theory(DFT) calculation, Cyt c activity increment originates from its ligand changes of Fe(Ⅲ) porphyrin, which has a smaller energy barrier of the catalytic *** study provides a promising strategy for autonomous colocalization of multienzyme in biocompatible hydrogels which can be potentially applied in cascade enzyme induced catalysis applications.

关键词： hydrogel cascade enzyme enzymatic polymerization compartmentalization superactivity

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Disaster Management Systems——A Placeholder for Decision Support Sub-Systems

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 1993年第1期4卷 53-64页

作者： Bjorner, Dines united nations Univ China

Aspects of techniques for understanding and developing a system which is useful in the context of Disaster Management are outlined in the paper. The emphasis is on techniques for the development of requirements and software - specifically here for the basic, underlying computing system whose application packages (amongst others: Decision Support Sub-Systems) shall support Disaster Prediction, Relief (Damage Assessment & Mitigation) and Recovery. Throughout the body of the paper we shall be making frequent references to Decision Support Sub-Systems. As acronym for the subject domain the author has chosen: DiMaCS: Disaster Management Computing Systems.

关键词： Computer software Environmental engineering Large scale systems Natural sciences computing Systems engineering

Status, Prospects & Perspectives of Indian Paper Industry

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Paper And Biomaterials 2019年第1期4卷 57-64页

作者： Rakesh Kumar Jain Vikas Kumar united nations Industrial development Organisations UNIDO IC ISID

Indian paper industry has been showing a positive demand growth unlike Europe and USA,despite couple of issues being confronted by the paper industry such as availability of good quality raw material,scale of operation,cost reduction and *** view of the increasing competition among the domestic and the global players,sustainability,green production gaining significance,there is a growing need to upgrade,develop and adopt appropriate advanced technologies tailer made to the requirement of Indian paper *** light of above,UNIDO implemented a project supported by DIPP,*** India aimed towards capacity building of the Nodel Research Institute(CPPRI),Indian paper industry’s associations and Indian paper *** present article highlights key findings of various activities carried out under the project such as diagnostic assessment of the paper industry,demonstration of identified technologies,dissemination of the findings among the industries and twinning with the international institutions having relevant expertise and training.

关键词： Indian paper industry raw material scale of operation environment

Promoting Innovations for Sustainable Biodiversity Management in Agricultural Systems

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云南植物研究 2001年第S1期23卷 1-2页

作者： otyuki Suzuki Vice Rector Environment and Sustainable Development United Nations University

How China Could Contribute to a Benign Global Rebalancing?

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China & World Economy 2008年第5期16卷 35-50页

作者： Pingfan Hong Rob Vos Keping Yao Chief of Global Economic Monitoring Department of Economic and Social Affairs the United Nations Director for development Policy and Analysis the United Nations Statistician Department of Economic and Social Affairs the United Nations

Our study shows that China could contribute to an orderly global rebalancing using a package of policies to stimulate its domestic consumption. These policies include a progressive appreciation of the RMB, fiscal stimulation by increasing expenditure on education, health care, social safety nets and poverty reduction, income policies to reduce inequality and to strengthen wage income, and reforms of the financial system to improve financial efficiency and to mitigate financial constraints. By implementing such policies, China＇ s external surplus could be narrowed and its domestic imbalances improved. The excessively high savings rate could be lowered and the share of household consumption increased, even though GDP growth would moderate slightly.

关键词： consumption exchange rate global imbalances savings social spending

Trade Balance: Numbers Can be Deceiving

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China & World Economy 2006年第3期14卷 54-70页

作者： Yuefen Li Senior Economic Affairs Officer United Nations Conference on Trade and Development （UNCTAD）

Trade disputes have become more prevalent and acute in recent years. Almost all center on bilateral trade balance and/or market access of certain merchandise or services. However, since at least the mid 1980s, affiliate sales have become a more direct and more powerful form of market access than the traditional cross-border commercial transactions for developed countries, whereas developing countries still rely predominantly on traditional trade. The importance of the international production supply chain is increasing with a bias against downstream producers. The current data collection and compilation system of trade balance can not reflect these changes in the world economic environment. It overstates exports of developing countries and understates their imports. None of the countries in the world can illustrate the weakness of the conventional system better than China.

关键词： affiliate sales global imbalances international production networks market access trade balance

Self-assembled carbon monoxide nanoprodrug for chemiexcitationtriggered synergistic chemotherapy against breast cancer

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Shunfei Cui Yiyao Pan Chenzhe Ma Bin Qi Qingqiang Min Ming Li Huabing Chen Hengte Ke Xingyue Ji Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Diagnostics and Therapeutics development College of Pharmaceutical ScienceSoochow University

Carbon monoxide（CO） has recently been well-established as a promising therapeutic modality against cancer. The development of transition-metal-free and tumor-targeted delivery platforms for CO is highly demanded but remains very sporadic. Herein, we developed a polyprodrug system for the co-delivery of CO and a chemotherapeutic agent combretastin A-4（CA-4） to the tumor site based on a chemiexcitation mechanism. Such a poly-prodrug successfully achieved the co-activation of CO and CA-4 in response to H2O2at the tumor site both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, a synergist effect between CO and CA-4 was observed in suppressing tumor growth in a mouse tumor model. It is anticipated that such a poly-prodrug system could be potentially adapted for the co-delivery of CO and another drug payload for combinational therapy for other indications.

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