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A Latency-Aware and Fault-Tolerant Framework for Resource Scheduling and Data Management in Fog-Enabled Smart City Transportation Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1377-1399页

作者： Ibrar Afzal Noor ul Amin Zulfiqar Ahmad Abdulmohsen Algarni Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Hazara UniversityMansehra21300Pakistan Department of Computer Science King Khalid UniversityAbha61421Saudi Arabia

Thedeployment of the Internet of Things(IoT)with smart sensors has facilitated the emergence of fog computing as an important technology for delivering services to smart environments such as campuses,smart cities,and smart transportation *** computing tackles a range of challenges,including processing,storage,bandwidth,latency,and reliability,by locally distributing secure information through end *** of endpoints,fog nodes,and back-end cloud infrastructure,it provides advanced capabilities beyond traditional cloud *** smart environments,particularly within smart city transportation systems,the abundance of devices and nodes poses significant challenges related to power consumption and system *** address the challenges of latency,energy consumption,and fault tolerance in these environments,this paper proposes a latency-aware,faulttolerant framework for resource scheduling and data management,referred to as the FORD framework,for smart cities in fog *** framework is designed to meet the demands of time-sensitive applications,such as those in smart transportation *** FORD framework incorporates latency-aware resource scheduling to optimize task execution in smart city environments,leveraging resources from both fog and cloud *** simulation-based executions,tasks are allocated to the nearest available nodes with minimum *** the event of execution failure,a fault-tolerantmechanism is employed to ensure the successful completion of *** successful execution,data is efficiently stored in the cloud data center,ensuring data integrity and reliability within the smart city ecosystem.

关键词： Fog computing smart cities smart transportation data management fault tolerance resource scheduling

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Infrastructure of Sustainable energy Development in pakistan:A Review

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean energy 2020年第2期8卷 206-218页

作者： Sidra Kanwal Bilal Khan Muhammad Qasim Rauf the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad Campus 22010Pakistan the Department of Electrical Engineering Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

pakistan is an energy-resourceful country with vast and untapped renewable energy sources(RESs).The wind,solar,and biomass of the country are practically capable of ending a power sector collapse caused by demand-supply variances.A significant percentage of pakistan’s population resides in rural *** rural population,the lack of connection to the mainstream of national development is a direct consequence of frequent power blackouts and,in certain cases,a lack of grid connection *** features of smart grid are not fully incorporated into the power network yet,but policy-makers are paying attention to increase RES reliance.A comprehensive study describing the renewable energy potential of pakistan is of *** research work attempts to present a collective summary of pakistan’s renewable energy potential.A statistical analysis of the proposed and installed projects in various districts are *** paper elaborates the pressing needs of renewable energy integration for resolving pakistan’s energy *** energy projects are acclaimed in this paper for affording higher living standards and better job opportunities than the fossil fuel based industry in *** RESs into the national portfolio is guaranteed to offer profound socio-economic benefits to pakistan’s rural population.

关键词： Biomass energy geothermal energy renewable energy source(RES) solar energy smart grid wind energy

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Techno-economic assessment of energy generation through municipal solid waste:a case study for small/medium size districts in pakistan

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable energy 2020年第4期2卷 337-350页

作者： Ubaid Ur Rehman Zia Tanzeel ur Rashid Muzaffar Ali Waqas Nazir Awan Sustainable Development Policy Institute IslamabadPakistan Mechanical Engineering Department University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxilaPakistan

There is an increase in annual waste generation due to urbanization,industrialization,and population *** waste management crisis in developing countries and its complexity from region to region has inspired extensive research work in this *** management not only results in environmental hazards,but it also causes significant socio-economic *** to the absence of comprehensive studies on waste to energy(WTE)assessment,this study assesses and reports the merits of alternative technologies for converting WTE in small and medium-size *** analysis for waste collection data in this study uses a pilot study approach to provide useful insights and waste classification.A cantonment district of pakistan(Wah Cantt)has been used as a case study for performing a technological and economic assessment of energy generation through the use of thermal and biological treatment processes.A mathematical modeling approach has been adopted for generating an economic value of each technology through which this waste can be ***,the levelized cost of energy(LCOE)based assessment has been performed to provide a methodological framework for selecting the most feasible WTE technology in a small or medium-size *** on the model results,anaerobic digestion appears to be the most sustainable technology due to the organic nature of waste in Wah Cantt,land legislation,and availability of area to install a waste *** all the waste collected,the district can generate approximately 14.4 MW of energy through thermal treatment,19,110 m^(3) of daily biogas through anaerobic digestion,and 5 million tons of fertilizer through ***,if a proper supply chain is established for converting a portion of pakistan’s annual waste generation,a significant amount of waste energy potential can be restored.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Waste to energy Levelized cost of energy Technological assessment Economic assessment

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Adsorption of ruthenium ions on activated charcoal: influence of temperature on the kinetics of the adsorption process

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第5期6卷 353-356页

作者： QADEER Riaz pakistan Atomic energy Commission IslamabadPakistan

Influence of temperature on ruthenium adsorption on activated charcoal from 3 mol/L HNO3 solutions was inves- tigated in the temperature range of 288 K to 308 K. It was observed that the rise in temperature increases the adsorption of ru- thenium ions on activated charcoal and follows the kinetics of first order rate law with rate constant values 0.0564?0.0640 min?1 in the temperature range of 288 K to 308 K respectively. The activation energy for the adsorption process was found to be 1.3806 kJ/mol. Various thermodynamics quantities namely ?H, ?S and ?G were computed from the equilibrium constant KC values. The results indicated a positive heat of adsorption, a positive ?S and a negative ?G.

关键词： Ruthenium Activated charcoal Adsorption Kinetics Thermodynamic parameters Nitric acid solution

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Structural Decomposition Analysis to Investigate the Changes in energy Consumption in pakistan

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第5期33卷 1497-1515页

作者： ALI Yousaf SALEEM Sania Binte SABIR Muhammad Department of Management Science and Humanities Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering SciencesandTechnologyTopiSwabiKPKPakistan NUST Business School National University of Science andTechnologyIslamabadPakistan

The world energy demand is increasing due to rapid growth in the global economy,industrialization,and *** is also confronted with increasing energy demand on one hand and is confronted with the challenge of energy demand-supply gap on the other *** energy is the major driver for growth,it becomes important to investigate the trends of energy consumption in a country and the factors that are most affecting the changes in the use of *** particular study aims to investigate the use of energy by all the economic sectors of pakistan during 2000–*** major contribution is the first time application of structural decomposition analysi for energy usage along with using Input-Output data for the period of 2002–*** results show the fluctuation of the energy intensity of the sectors throughout the study ***,the overall effect of energy intensity is negative on energy consumption and it shows a negative contribution value of-80.90%for the study ***,the focus on more energy-intensive products like cement,automobiles,iron,steel products and the increasing final demand of the economy contributes to the growth of energy consumption in pakistan during 2000–2012.

关键词： energy consumption energy intensity structural decomposition analysis

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Analysis of the effect of passive measures on the energy consumption and zero-energy prospects of residential buildings in pakistan

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Building Simulation 2021年第4期14卷 1325-1342页

作者： Muhammad Wasim Anwar Zaib Ali Abdullah Javed Emad Ud Din Muhammad Sajid School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan

Climate change can adversely impact the thermal comfort and energy efficiency of the buildings stock. The South Asian countries are particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change specially in the form of rising temperatures and increasing frequency of heat waves. The passive building design measures can be useful in mitigating and adapting to the climate change by increasing energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study various passive climate change adaptation measures (PCAMs) have been used individually and in form of combinations in order to analyze their impact on the energy efficacy of residential buildings in pakistan. It has been found that the natural ventilation and front green wall are the most efficient options for reducing the overall energy consumption. By implementation of these PCAMs, cooling demand can be decreased by 27.75% while heating demand can be reduced by 35%. Secondly, the prospect of net zero-energy building and reduced CO2 emissions are also studied. It has been shown that building can achieve net-zero energy on an annual basis at every orientation and it can attain the status of nearly zero-energy building on a monthly basis. Moreover, emitted CO2 can be reduced by 31% by using the renewable energy.

关键词： building energy simulations net zero-energy passive climate adaptation measures climate change energy consumption pakistan

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Comparative analysis of greenhouse gas emission inventory for pakistan:Part I energy and industrial processes and product use

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第1期11卷 40-51页

作者： Kaleem Anwar MIR Chunkyoo PARK Pallav PUROHIT Seungdo KIM Research Centre for Climate Change and energy Department of Environmental Sciences and BiotechnologyHallym UniversityChuncheon24252Republic of Korea Ministry of Environment Government Complex-SejongSejong-si30103Republic of Korea International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis LaxenburgA-2361Austria Global Change Impact Studies Centre Ministry of Climate ChangeGovernment of PakistanIslamabad44000Pakistan

In order to further improve the accuracy and reliability and reduce uncertainties in the national GHG inventories for pakistan,this study call for using 2006 IPCC Guidelines,to help to identify the national targets for GHG mitigation with respect to the nationally determined contributions(NDCs).GHG(CO2,CH4,and N20)inventories for pakistan have been developed by conducting a detailed sectoral assessment of IPCC source sectors,energy,industrial processes and product use(IPPU),agriculture,forestry and other land use(AFOLU),and the waste ***,sector wise comparative analysis of GHG inventories(1994-2017)based on the 2006 and 1996 IPCC Guidelines have also been *** indicated an average relative difference of 4%in total GHG emissions(CO2 equivalent)from energy sector between 2006 and 1996 IPCC *** 3.6%average annual growth rate based on 2006 IPCC Guidelines,CO2 from energy sector remained the most abundant GHG emitted,followed by CH4 and *** the average absolute difference in emissions of CH4 and N20 from the energy sector is notable,the total estimated GHG emissions by 2006 IPCC Guidelines duplicate those by 1996 IPCC *** the mineral industry with 2006 IPCC Guidelines,an average annual growth rate of 6.7%is observed,contributing 64%of total IPPU sector CO2 ***,the relative difference between the two Guidelines in overall IPPU sector emissions remained *** might be a need for switching to 2006 IPCC Guidelines to consider more parameters such as additional source sectors and new default emission factors that fit into national circumstances.

关键词： Greenhouse gas Emission inventory energy sector Industrial processes and product use pakistan

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Prospects of shallow geothermal systems in HVAC for NZEB

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energy and Built Environment 2021年第4期2卷 425-435页

作者： Irfan Ahmad Gondal US-pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in energy NUSTPakistan

Shallow geothermal systems use the thermal inertia of the earth to provide a temperature gradient between the ambient conditions and the underground *** thermal inertia can be used by the heat exchangers to provide space heating and cooling during the winters and *** paper provides a brief but broad overview of the different active and passive technologies involved in the use of heat exchangers for HVAC in order to achieve a near net zero energy *** the different types of ground heat exchangers and heat pumps are introduced along with the relevant studies of significance in this *** has been demonstrated that the different types of heat exchangers can be integrated with thermally active building envelopes and renewable energy resources to significantly minimize the building energy *** a pathway has been devised for use of ground heat exchangers to realize a net zero energy building.

关键词： Shallow geothermal energy HVAC Near zero energy building Passive technologies

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Enhancing Solar Photovoltaic Efficiency:A Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

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energy Engineering 2025年第1期122卷 153-166页

作者： Rahool Rai Fareed HussainMangi Kashif Ahmed Sudhakar Kumaramsay Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600PahangMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Science&Technology Hamdard UniversityKarachi74600Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department SUKKUR IBA UniversitySukkur65200Pakistan Berlin School of Business and Innovation BSBI Faculty of Computer Science and InformaticsBerlin12043Germany Automotive Engineering Centre University Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan AbdullahPekan26600PahangMalaysia Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid&Processes(Fluid Centre) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah(UMPSA)Paya BesarKuantan26300PahangMalaysia

The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable *** energy,among the various renewable sources,is particularly appealing due to its abundant ***,the efficiency of commercial solar photovoltaic(PV)modules is hindered by several factors,notably their conversion efficiency,which averages around 19%.This efficiency can further decline to 10%–16%due to temperature increases during peak sunlight *** study investigates the cooling of PV modules by applying water to their front surface through Computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cooling the PV module by analyzing the interplay between water film thickness,Reynolds number,and their effects on temperature reduction and heat *** CFD analysis revealed that the most effective cooling condition occurred with a 5 mm thick water film and a Reynolds number of *** specific parameters were found to maximize the heat transfer and temperature reduction *** finding is crucial for the development of practical and efficient cooling systems for PV modules,potentially leading to improved performance and longevity of solar *** cooling fluids or advanced cooling techniques that might offer even better efficiency or practical benefits.

关键词： PV module efficiency water film thickness reynolds number CFD analysis PV/T renewable energy

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energy optimization in the wake of China pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)

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Journal of Control and Decision 2018年第2期5卷 129-147页

作者： Yousaf Ali Zaeem Rasheed Noor Muhammad Salman Yousaf Department of Management Science&Humanities Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences&TechnologyTopiPakistan Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of EngineeringSciences and TechnologyTopiPakistan

The energy crisis has become a significant bottleneck in the country’s economic *** to end this age old problem,we have to capitalize on the chance,China pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)investment provides,to its full *** study aims to help pakistani government in selecting the best set of CPEC energy priority projects to be completed in the first wave of *** second part of the research guides the small/medium scale industry and business owners to select the best available alternative for tackling the energy shortfall while CPEC projects are in the process of *** electricity shortfall decrease and its impact on various economic/industrial sectors(like services,industrial,textile and agriculture)is also performed to gauge the effect of CPEC on the economy using linear *** decision analysis,the MCDM techniques employed are(AHP)along with(TOPSIS).This research generated a new list of recommended CPEC energy priority projects which are more evenly distributed across the country,catering more,to interest of the country as a *** also concluded solar panels to be the best alternative for small scale businesses,as short term solution while CPEC projects are under construction.

关键词： energy CPEC priority projects MCDA Short-term solution TOPSIS AHP Pugh method

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