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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第12期12卷 1917-1928页

作者： Shan-Shan Li Ran You Min Li Xiao-Xiao Guo Lu Zhao Yan-Ling Wang Xi Chen Department of Ophthalmology Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China Clinical epidemiology and EBM unit National Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing 100050China

AIM: To evaluate the effect of internal limiting membrane(ILM) peeling with indocyanine green(ICG), brilliant blue G(BBG), triamcinolone acetonide(TA), trypan blue(TB), or without dye for the treatment of idiopathic macular hole(IMH). METHODS: A search was conducted using Pub Med, EMBASE, and CENTRAL(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) for related studies published before October 2018. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies and 2514 eyes were included in this network Meta-analysis. For IMH closure, the rank from the best to the worse treatment was: BBG, TB, TA, ICG, and no dye. There was a significant difference in postoperative IMH closure rate between BBG and no dye. The rank of the best to the worse treatment to improve visual acuity was: BBG, TB, no dye, TA, and ICG. The improvement rate of visual acuity after using BBG was significantly higher than ICG. The improvement rate of visual acuity was more favorable with TB than ICG, TA, and no dye. CONCLUSION: BBG can contribute to better anatomical and functional outcomes compared to other dyes for ILM peeling in patients with IMH. The results show that the best treatment of ILM peeling with dyes is BBG.

关键词： idiopathic macular hole brilliant blue G trypan blue internal limiting membrane peeling network Meta-analysis

Declining age of puberty of school girls in southern Thailand

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第3期10卷 256-261页

作者： Somchit Jaruratanasirikul Atchariya Chanpong Nuttaporn Tassanakijpanich Hutcha Sriplung Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat-YaiSongkhla 90110Thailand epidemiology unit Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla UniversityHat-YaiSongkhla 90110Thailand

Background:Declines in the onset age of secondary sexual development have been reported in a number of recent studies in western and Asian countries.A study of Hat-Yai school girls in 1994 in Thailand showed that the ages at thelarche and menarche were 9.9 and 12.4 years,*** study was to determine whether there was a decline in the average age of puberty in Hat-Yai school girls from 1994 to ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2140 healthy Hat-Yai school girls,aged 6-18 years,from June 2011 to March *** and pubic hair development was assessed by the Tanner staging *** analysis was used to calculate the median ages of different stages of breast and pubic hair development,and the age of ***:The median ages of girls having thelarche and menarche were 9.6(95%CI,9.4-9.8)and 12.2(95%CI,11.9-12.4)years,which declined from 9.9(95%CI,9.7-10.1)and 12.4 years(95%CI,12.2-12.6)in the 1994 study respectively,however,without statistical *** youngest ages of girls who had breast stage 2 and menarche were 7.2 and 9.2 years,*** fi nal height at age 14 years in this cohort(157.3 cm)was 2.3 cm greater than that of girls in 1994(155.0 cm).Conclusions:From 1994 to 2012,the age at onset of thelarche and menarche of girls in Hat-Yai municipality declined by 0.2 and 0.3 years,*** earlier age at onset of puberty had no effect on fi nal adult height.

关键词： growth menarche puberty secular trend thelarche

Prevalence and features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in prisons in Tuscany

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 70-77页

作者： Cristina Stasi Martina Pacifici Caterina Milli Francesco Profili Caterina Silvestri Fabio Voller epidemiology unit Regional Health Agency of TuscanyFlorence 50141Italy Department of Medicine Surgery and NeuroscienceUniversity of SienaSiena 53100Italy

BACKGROUND Prisons can be a reservoir for infectious diseases,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),due to the very intimate nature of the living spaces and the large number of people forced to share *** To investigate the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in prisons,this study evaluated the infection incidence rate in prisoners who underwent nasopharyngeal *** This is an observational cohort *** collection included information on prisoners who underwent nasopharyngeal swab testing for SARS-CoV-2 and the *** swab tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed between 15 February 2021 and 31 May 2021 for prisoners with symptoms and all new arrivals to the *** section included information on the diagnosis of the disease according to the International Classification of Diseases,Ninth Revision,and Clinical *** Up until the 31 May 2021,79.2%of the prisoner cohort(n=1744)agreed to a nasopharyngeal swab test(n=1381).Of these,1288 were negative(93.3%)and 85 were positive(6.2%).A significant association[relative risk(RR)]was found only for the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among foreigners compared to Italians[RR=2.4,95%confidence interval(CI):1.2-4.8].A positive association with SARS-CoV-2 infection was also found for inmates with at least one nervous system disorder(RR=4,95%CI:1.8-9.1).The SARS-CoV-2 incidence rate among prisoners is significantly lower than in the general population in Tuscany(standardized incidence ratio 0.7,95%CI:0.6-0.9).CONCLUSION In the prisoner cohort,screening and rapid access to health care for the immigrant population were critical to limiting virus transmission and subsequent morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology Prison Prevalence Foreigners Swab tests

Dietary flavonoid intake and risk of stomach and colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第7期19卷 1011-1019页

作者： Hae Dong Woo Jeongseon Kim Molecular epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and PreventionResearch InstituteNational Cancer CenterGyeonggi-do 410-769South Korea

Stomach and colorectal cancers are common cancers and leading causes of cancer *** the alimentary tract can interact directly with dietary components,stomach and colorectal cancer may be closely related to dietary *** systematically searched published literature written in English via PubMed by searching for terms related to stomach and colorectal cancer risk and dietary flavonoids up to June 30,***-three studies out of 209 identified articles were finally selected for the *** point effect estimates and the corresponding standard errors were calculated using covariate-adjusted point effect estimates and 95%CIs from the selected *** dietary flavonoid intake was not associated with a reduced risk of colorectal or stomach cancer [odds ratio(OR)(95%CI) = 1.00(0.90-1.11) and 1.07(0.70-1.61),respectively].Among flavonoid subclasses,the intake of flavonols,flavan-3-ols,anthocyanidins,and proanthocyanidins showed a significant inverse association with colorectal cancer risk [OR(95%CI) = 0.71(0.63-0.81),0.88(0.79-0.97),0.68(0.56-0.82),and 0.72(0.61-0.85),respectively].A significant association was found only between flavonols and stomach cancer risk based on a limited number of selected studies [OR(95%CI) = 0.68(0.46-0.99)].In the summary estimates from casecontrol studies,all flavonoid subclasses except flavones and flavanones were inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk,whereas neither total flavonoids nor any subclasses of flavonoids were associated with colorectal cancer risk in the summary estimates based on the cohort *** significant association between flavonoid subclasses and cancer risk might be closely related to bias derived from the case-control *** was no clear evidence that dietary flavonoids are associated with reduced risk of stomach and colorectal cancer.

关键词： Flavonoids Flavonols Flavones Flavanones Flavan-3-ols Anthocyanidins Proanthocyanidins Cancer risk Meta-analysis

Epidemiologic methods for investigating male fecundity

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 17-22页

作者： Jrn Olsen Cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen Department of Public Health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Fertility is a couple concept that has been measured since the beginning of demography, and male fecundity （his biological capacity to reproduce） is a component of the fertility rate. Unfortunately, we have no way of measuring the male component directly, although several indirect markers can be used. Population registers can be used to monitor the proportion of childless couples, couples who receive donor semen, trends in dizygotic twinning, and infertility diagnoses. Studies using time-to-pregnancy （TTP） may identify couple subfecundity, and TTP data will correlate with sperm quality and quantity as well as sexual activity and a number of other conditions. Having exposure data available for couples with a fecund female partner would make TTP studies of interest in identifying exposures that may affect male fecundity. Biological indicators such as sperm quality and quantity isolate the male component of fertility, and semen data therefore remain an important source of information for research. Unfortunately, often over half of those invited to provide a sperm sample will refuse, and the study is then subject to a selection that may introduce bias. Because the most important time windows for exposures that impair semen production could be early fetal life, puberty, and the time of ejaculation; longitudinal data over decades of time are required. The ongoing monitoring of semen quality and quantity should continue, and surveys monitoring fertility and waiting TTP should also be designed.

关键词： data collection epidemiology epidemiological monitoring fertility sperm count time-to-pregnancy (TTP)

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and reproductive health in children： a review of epidemiological studies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 39-49页

作者： Linn Berger Hfikonsen Andreas Ernst Cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen Department of Public Health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Maternal cigarette smoking may affect the intrauterine hormonal environment during pregnancy and this early fetal exposure may have detrimental effects on the future trajectory of reproductive health. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological literature on the association between prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and several aspects of reproductive health. The literature points towards an increased risk of the urogenital malformation cryptorchidism, but a potential protective effect on the risk of hypospadias in sons following prenatal cigarette smoking exposure. Studies on sexual maturation find a tendency towards accelerated pubertal development in exposed boys and girls. In adult life, prenatally exposed men have impaired semen quality compared with unexposed individuals, but an influence on fecundability, that is, the biological ability to reproduce, is less evident. We found no evidence to support an association between prenatal cigarette smoking exposure and testicular cancer. Among adult daughters, research is sparse and inconsistent, but exposure to cigarette smoking in utero may decrease fecundability. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking may cause some long-term adverse effects on the reproductive health.

关键词： fertility prenatal exposure puberty testicular neoplasms time-to-pregnancy

Validations of new cut-offs for surgical drains management and use of computerized tomography scan after pancreatoduodenectomy:The DALCUT trial

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第15期10卷 4836-4842页

作者： Damiano Caputo Alessandro Coppola Vincenzo La Vaccara Roberto Passa Ludovico Carbone Massimo Ciccozzi Silvia Angeletti Roberto Coppola Department of Surgery University Campus Bio-Medico of RomeRome 00128Italy unit of Medical Statistic and Molecular epidemiology University Campus Bio-Medico of RomeRome 00128Italy unit of Clinical Laboratory Science University Campus Bio-Medico of RomeRome 00128Italy

BACKGROUND Postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)is the most fearful complication after pancreatic surgery and can lead to severe postoperative complications such as surgical site infections,sepsis and bleeding.A previous study which identified cut-offs of drains amylase levels(DALs)determined on postoperative day(POD)1 and POD3,was able to significantly predict POPF,abdominal collections and biliary fistulas,when related to specific findings detected at the abdominal computerized tomography(CT)scan routinely performed on *** To validate the cut-offs of DALs in POD1 and POD3,established during the previous study,to assess the risk of clinically relevant POPF and confirm the usefulness of abdominal CT scan on POD3 in patients at increased risk of abdominal *** The DALCUT trial is an interventional prospective *** patients who will undergo pancreatoduodenectomy(PD)for periampullary neoplasms will be considered *** patients will receive clinical staging and,if eligible for surgery,will undergo routine preoperative *** the PD,daily DALs will be evaluated from *** removal and possible requirement of abdominal CT scans in POD3 will be managed on the basis of the outcome of DALs in the first three postoperative *** This prospective study could validate the role of DALs in the management of surgical drains and in assessing the risk or relevant complications after *** could be removed in POD3 in case of POD1 DALs<666 U/L and POD3 DALs<207 U/*** case of POD3 DALs≥252,abdominal CT scan will be performed in POD3 to identify abdominal collections≥5 *** this latter category of patients,drains could be maintained beyond *** The results of this trial will contribute to a better knowledge of POPF and management of surgical drains.

关键词： Pancreatic surgery Drains amylase Pancreatic fistula Postoperative complications Computerized tomography scan

Why caution should be applied when interpreting and promoting findings from Mendelian randomisation studies

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General Psychiatry 2023年第4期36卷 334-338页

作者： Alice R Carter Abigail Fraser Laura D Howe Sian Harris Amanda Hughes MRC Integrative epidemiology unit University of BristolBristolUK Population Health Sciences University of BristolBristolUK

Introduction In their article entitled‘Investigating genetic causal relationships between blood pressure and anxiety,depressive symptoms,neuroticism and subjective well-being’,Cai and colleagues1 presented the results of a two-sample Mendelian randomisation2(MR)study examining associations between blood pressure traits(systolic,diastolic,hypertension and pulse pressure)and psychological traits(anxiety,depression,neuroticism and subjective well-being).After correction for multiple testing.

关键词： random finding interpreting

What we have learnt from the SARS epidemics in China's Mainland?

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Global Health Journal 2019年第3期3卷 55-59页

作者： Wuchun Cao Liqun Fang Dan Xiao Department of Infectious Disease epidemiology Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing 100850China

This article provides an overview of the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)epidemics in China's Mainland and of what we have learned since the *** epidemics spanned a large geographical extent but clustered in two regions:first in Guangdong Province,and about 3 months later in Beijing and its surrounding *** resulting case fatality ratio of 6.4%was less than half of that in other SARS-affected countries and regions,partly due to younger-aged patients and a higher proportion of community-acquired *** political commitment and a centrally coordinated response were most important for controlling *** long-term economic consequence of the epidemic was *** recovered patients suffered from avascular osteonecrosis,as a consequence of corticosteroid usage during their *** SARS epidemic provided valuable experience and lessons relevant in controlling outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases,and has led to fundamental reforms of the Chinese health ***,the epidemic has substantially improved infrastructures,surveillance systems,and capacity to response to health *** particular,a comprehensive nationwide internet-based disease reporting system was established.

关键词： Severe acute respiratory syndrome Epidemic Internet-based disease reporting system Surveillance systems

Perinatal and early life risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第6期17卷 743-749页

作者： Stephen E Roberts Clare J Wotton John G Williams Myfanwy Griffith Michael J Goldacre College of Medicine Swansea University unit of Health-Care epidemiology Department of Public HealthUniversity of Oxford

AIM:To investigate associations between perinatal risk factors and subsequent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and young ***:Record linked abstracts of birth registrations,maternity,day case and inpatient admissions in a defined population of southern *** of 20 perinatal factors relating to the maternity or the birth:maternal age,Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) in the mother,maternal social class,marital status,smoking in pregnancy,ABO blood group and rhesus status,pre-eclampsia,parity,the infant's presentation at birth,caesarean delivery,forceps delivery,sex,number of babies delivered,gestational age,birthweight,head circumference,breastfeeding and Apgar scores at one and five ***:Maternity records were present for 180 children who subsequently developed *** analysis showed increased risks of CD among children of mothers with CD (P=0.011,based on two cases of CD in both mother and child) and children of mothers who smoked during *** analysis confirmed increased risks of CD among children of mothers who smoked (odds ratio=2.04,95% CI=1.06-3.92) and for older mothers aged 35+ years (4.81,2.32-9.98).Multivariate analysis showed that there were no significant associations between CD and 17 other perinatal risk factors *** also showed that,for UC,there were no significant associations with the perinatal factors ***:This study shows an association between CD in mother and child;and elevated risks of CD in children of older mothers and of mothers who smoked.

关键词： Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Perinatal risk factors Record linkage